Chestnut varieties suitable for southern growth are Tiezitou, Jiujia, Shifeng, Yuanjiang 1 and so on! 1, the temperature is suitable for chestnut growth in the range of annual average temperature 10 ~ 17℃. During the growing period (April-65438+1October), the daily average temperature is 10-20℃, the winter temperature is below -25℃, and the suitable temperature for flowering is 17-27℃, below 15℃ or above 27℃. During the fruit growing period from August to September, the average temperature above 20℃ can promote the growth of nuts. The main chestnut producing areas in the Yangtze River valley are Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places. The average temperature during the growing period is 22 ~ 24℃, and the lowest temperature is about 0℃. This area has high temperature and long growing period, which is suitable for planting southern varieties. The main chestnut producing areas in northern China are Hebei, Shandong, Beijing, Liaoning and other places. During the growth period from April to June, the temperature is 9 ~ 65438 05℃. These areas have cool climate, large temperature difference, abundant sunshine and high sugar content in fruits. 2. Castanea mollissima can be planted in places with annual rainfall of 500 ~ 2000 mm, but the place with annual rainfall of 500 ~ 1000 mm is the most suitable. The annual rainfall 1000 ~ 2000 mm in the main producing areas of South China, rainy in the growing period, can promote the growth and fruiting of chestnut. However, if there is too much rainfall, the photosynthetic products will decrease, which will reduce the fruit quality. In the northern chestnut producing area, the rainfall is 500 ~ 800 mm, and the chestnut generally grows well, but the chestnut trees are not tolerant to waterlogging. After 1 ~ 2 months of continuous waterlogging, the roots began to rot and the trees died. Therefore, in places with poor drainage, drainage management should be strengthened. Different phenological periods of chestnut growth have different demands and responses to water, especially during the filling period of chestnut in autumn. If the water is sufficient, it is beneficial to the full growth of nuts and the increase of yield. 3. Light chestnut is a tree species with strong photophobia, and it needs sufficient light during its growing period. In particular, flower bud differentiation requires high light conditions. The poor light can only form male flowers, but not female flowers, which is also the main reason for the peripheral fruit of chestnut trees. In the valley area where the average daily illumination time is less than 6 hours, the trees grow upright, with sparse branches and leaves, low yield and poor quality. Therefore, the selection of garden, the establishment of planting density, the way of shaping and pruning and other cultivation management should be considered according to the characteristics of chestnut's strong photophobia. 4. Castanea mollissima is suitable to grow in sandy loam with more organic matter and good ventilation, which is beneficial to the growth of roots and the production of mycorrhiza in large quantities. It does not grow well in the soil with high viscosity, poor ventilation and poor drainage (easy to accumulate water) in rainy season. Chestnut is sensitive to soil pH, the suitable pH range is 4 ~ 7, and the most suitable is slightly acidic soil of 5 ~ 6. Weathered soil in limestone mountain area is mostly alkaline, which is not suitable for developing chestnut. Granite and gneiss weathered soil is slightly acidic and breathable, which is suitable for chestnut growth. Chestnut adapts to acidic soil because it can meet the needs of chestnut trees for manganese and calcium, especially manganese. When the pH value is high, manganese is insoluble and cannot be absorbed and utilized by roots. Chestnut is a high manganese plant, and the content of manganese in leaves is above 0.2%, which obviously exceeds that of other fruit trees. However, in alkaline soil, the content of manganese in leaves will be lower than 0. 12%, the color of leaves will turn green and the metabolic function will be reduced. Therefore, chestnut must be developed in slightly acidic soil areas. Storage method of chestnut

Fresh millet is rich in water, sugar and starch, which is easy to ferment, mildew or moth-eaten in a short time. Therefore, proper preservation is very important. Here are some simple and feasible methods.

One: bag drying. Spread the fresh chestnuts out in a container, dry them in a cool and ventilated place for 2 ~ 3 days, and then put them into a cloth bag, which is breathable. Never use plastic bags. Hanging in a cool and ventilated place, shaking 1 ~ 2 times a day. This method can generally preserve chestnuts for 4 months.

Method 2: Store in the refrigerator. Take half a basin of cold boiled water, add 1 tsp salt, then soak chestnut in it for 3 ~ 5 minutes for simple sterilization. Rinse one with cold boiled water without salt after soaking, put it in a container and spread it out to dry 1 ~ 2 days. When chestnuts make a dry sound when shaking, they can be packed in plastic bags, tied tightly and stored in the freezer. This method emphasizes plastic bags instead of cloth bags, because the refrigerator will absorb all the water in chestnut and become dry, hard and tasteless. This method can store chestnut for more than 1 month. The chestnut treated by this method is sweet and crisp, and it has a special flavor when eaten raw.

Method 3: sand burial. This method is more suitable for mass storage of chestnut. The method is to dry the harvested chestnuts for 1 ~ 2 days, then bury them in the sand and step on them tightly to make them airtight. This method can be stored for 2 ~ 3 months and tastes like fresh. Several methods for farmers to keep chestnuts fresh (1) Sand storage method In the south, you can choose a cool room. Spread a layer of dry straw on the ground first, and then spread 6-7 cm thick sand. The humidity of sand is suitable for rubbing by hand. Put chestnuts on the sand, each layer is 3 to 6 cm thick, and then spread a layer of wet sand, so that one layer of wet sand and one layer of chestnuts are placed alternately; Or 1 part chestnut and 2 parts wet sand are mixed and stacked. Finally, stacked or mixed piles should be covered with 3 to 6 cm of sand and then covered with dry straw. The suitable pile height is about 1 m. So chestnuts can be stored until after the Spring Festival. (2) Shell storage method: Choose a cool and ventilated room, or pile chestnuts with shells in a well-drained and cool open space. The size of the pile should be 1 to 2 meters wide and the height should not exceed 1 meter. Check the temperature and humidity frequently. If the pile is found to be hot or dry, you can pour water to cool and moisturize. Cover the pile with straw or sorghum stalks to prevent freezing and sun exposure. It is best to spread sand with a thickness of 10 cm under the pile in advance. This method can be preserved until March-April of the following year, with good freshness and less rot, but more chestnuts germinate. (3) Dry storage method: soak the mature chestnuts in a bucket filled with clear water, remove the floating chestnuts, soak for 3 to 5 days, take them out and put them in a bamboo basket, hang them in a cool and ventilated place, naturally dry them for 20 to 30 days, then put them in a clean jar, and turn them once a month. The good fruit rate can reach over 95%. (4) Tank storage method: firstly, lay a bamboo curtain on the bottom of the cleaned and dried tank, erect a ventilated bamboo tube in the center of the tank, pour chestnuts into the tank, lay pine needles layer by layer, and finally cover the pine needles. The jar mouth is covered with a bamboo curtain to prevent rats from hurting them. Pine needles are changed once a month. This method can also be preserved after the Spring Festival. The good fruit rate is above 90%. (5) After picking chestnuts stored in bamboo baskets treated with acetic acid, scatter chestnuts for 3-4 days, soak them in 1% acetic acid for 1 min, dry them, put them in bamboo baskets, sprinkle some fresh pine needles on the top of each bamboo basket, then cover them with plastic film and store them for 1 month. In March of the following year, it can be soaked in 2% salt and 2% soda solution 1 time and stored for 1.5 months, and the good fruit rate is still above 85%.