(1) Prepare seedlings

Buy seedlings after autumn and before Spring Festival, the purity and quality of seedlings are high. Wipe off the buds on the rootstock and cut off all the branches. Follow the sand into a deep pit (put the whole bundle in the pit and bury the sand in the grafting place. Sand can't be suspended. Cover it tightly with film, and cover it with platycodon grandiflorum or straw curtain to keep warm. ) Sow seedlings at any time as needed.

(2) Matching pollination trees

Although peaches can be self-pollinated, cross-pollination of individual varieties has higher fruit setting rate and larger fruit. Two varieties that meet in flowering period can be planted alternately or alternately.

(3) Planting time

If you haven't built a shed (you can plant trees first and then build a shed), or build a shed without intercropping vegetables, you can plant it in spring and autumn, and thaw the soil as early as possible before germination. Autumn is planted before the leaves turn yellow and freeze.

If the greenhouse has been built and used as a vegetable, the planting time should be after the fruit seedlings break dormancy and the ground temperature is high, otherwise they will not germinate or grow weakly after germination, and the time should be from mid-October to mid-April at 65438+/kloc-0, the earlier the better, because the earlier the growth period, the larger the tree body and the higher the yield.

(4) Deep ridging

One-sided planting technology in greenhouse, the plant spacing is 0.8- 1.0m, and the row spacing is1.5-1.8m. In the same year of planting, branches, leaves and roots should all occupy the ground, so it is necessary to dig deep before planting, and then ridge along the line. If vegetables have been planted in the shed, you can borrow vegetable ridges directly without digging deep.

When digging, it must be filled with fertilizer and proper amount of pesticides and fungicides, and then the whole garden should be dug about 40 cm.

Ridge-raising mode: the row spacing is about1.5-1.8m. In winter, the greenhouses are arranged in rows from north to south and from west to east, with the distance from the west to the wall of1.8m and the distance from the east to the wall of 0.3-1.8m. In winter, a road is left in the north of the greenhouse (the road can be used as.

(5) Planting on the ridge

Before planting, concentrate the seedlings in one place and soak the roots with plant growth promoter 16-24 hours. First, plant the seedlings on one side of the ridge, with the north-south marriage interface facing east and the east-west marriage interface facing north. When planting, while filling the soil, it vibrates up and down like garlic, so that the rhizosphere is filled with fine soil and lifted continuously, so that the line of yin and yang of seedlings is 5- 10 cm above the ground. Water is poured thoroughly at one time, and after water infiltration, fill soil continuously until it exceeds the line of Yin and Yang by about 25 cm. At this time, the seedlings will be planted on the ridge. In addition, plant one more tree near the north wall of the greenhouse in winter, and then grow against the wall and trim it in fishbone shape.

Ridge cultivation is beneficial to keep the roots warm; Absorb water and fertilizer most effectively; The operation space under the tree is increased, people can walk upright under the tree, and the production management is more convenient.

(6) seedling fixation

The fine root system of the seedling is about 0.5 meters; If the root system is large, Gao Qian can be set, but all branches must be cut off. After the seedlings are planted, cut semicircles horizontally above the buds at intervals of 20 cm on both sides of the trunk, which is convenient for forming in the same year and makes the plant row spacing full.

(7) Adjust temperature, humidity and light to keep alive.

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(8) Fertilizing and watering

The first step after planting fruit trees in greenhouse is to promote growth, and the branches and leaves must be covered with space before the end of July. Therefore, water and fertilizer management is the most important measure.

After seedling planting and enclosure, water it once a week. When the seedlings obviously survive and the leaves are no longer withered (the new shoots are 20-40 cm), they will be transferred to normal fertilization and watering once every 65,438+05 days until early September. In the meantime, the next heavy rain can be watered less once, but light rain can't replace watering. After turning to normal fertilization and watering, fertilization must be applied before each watering or before heavy rain. The method of fertilization is to open a shallow ditch about 50 cm away from the trunk on one side of the ridge and then water it.

(9) foliar fertilizer promotes growth

After the leaves are mature, spray 0.3% urea on the bottom of the leaves every 15 days. When the leaves are small, spray 0.2% zinc sulfate for 2-3 times. When there is yellow leaf disease, spray 0.3% ferrous sulfate for 2-3 times.

(10) Intercropping between rows

Intercropping can be done between rows, but two requirements must be met: first, let the seedlings see enough light. 2. All vegetables must be picked before May 10.

(1 1) crown control and flower promotion

Peach trees were planted in the same year, formed flower buds in the same year, and harvested well in the next year. The time of crown control and flower promotion in Weifang area is from July 10 to July 20, and the crown control and flower promotion drugs are applied to leaves twice, which not only achieves the purpose of controlling vegetative growth and promoting flower bud formation, but also prevents leaf senescence and tree weakness. If the session tree is too small, the control time can be delayed by about 15 days. However, the delay of control time will inevitably shorten the flower bud differentiation period, and the following measures can be taken: in the late August of Gregorian calendar, cover the greenhouse with old film to keep the high temperature in the greenhouse, form enough flower buds in the late September, and then gradually uncover the film. When spraying control drugs, penetrant should be added, watered before spraying, and sprayed on the bottom of leaves after 4 pm.

(12) soil with soil

In order to improve the ground temperature, enhance the soil permeability and promote the floating of roots, the ridges under the trees in the greenhouse are higher and wider than those in the open field, with a height of more than 25 cm and a width of 60~70 cm.

Soil, fertilizer and water management technology

1, deep ploughing for soil improvement

The fruit trees in greenhouse are turned deep once a year, and the time is one month after the fruit is picked.

A. Deeply plough loose soil to increase the content of soil organic matter. Promote microbial activity, decompose and release mineral elements. Cutting off the peripheral root system means pruning and renewing the root system, promoting new roots, rejuvenating the tree and delaying aging.

B. Immediately after deep ploughing and fruit picking, sprinkle quicklime on the ground, per mu 100~ 150kg (saline-alkali soil can be replaced by calcium silicate fertilizer), and water it after ploughing. Then, after the fruit is picked 1 month, furrowing is carried out between rows, the depth and width are 40~50 cm respectively, and furrowing is carried out alternately year after year. Fertilizers and weeds are applied to the ditches and mixed with soil to fill the ditches.

Second, balanced fertilization.

After defoliation, apply 20-40 kg urea, 30-50 kg diammonium phosphate, 20-50 kg ferrous sulfate and sulfur per mu.

Zinc acid 1 ~ 3 kg, borax 1 ~ 3 kg, calcium fertilizer 50 ~ 100 kg, fulvic acid fertilizer 4 ~ 8 kg, and proper amount of biological bacterial fertilizer. Diammonium phosphate is applied to shallow ditches, and other fertilizers are ploughed and watered after application. If diammonium phosphate is not applied this time, calcium superphosphate can be applied 1 month after fruit picking.

After the fruit is set, apply 60~75 kg of potassium sulfate (when the tree is weak, use the same amount of potassium nitrate instead of potassium sulfate), sprinkle it under the tree with a plow and hoe, and then water it once.

One month after fruit picking, combined with digging ditches, apply 3~5 cubic meters of high-quality organic fertilizer, 20~40 kilograms of urea and 0/~ 3 kilograms of copper sulfate/kloc per mu. If diammonium phosphate is not applied after defoliation,100 ~150kg of calcium superphosphate can be applied at this time.

Third, water.

After the first fertilization, the fallen leaves are watered with water, which is beneficial to root activities to absorb nutrients.

The third time is not as long as the fourth time. Before heating up in the shed, water it properly for the fifth time and cover it with plastic film for a long time for the sixth time.

After the seventh fruit setting, apply potassium fertilizer, the eighth, and then pour small water, and the ninth, row by row. Never water 10 without1time, otherwise 12 time will fail.

13 A week after the last watering, water another row. Do not water 14 times or 15 times, otherwise 16 times will fail.

After 17 was hardened, water was poured, and 18 was used to promote fruit expansion.

If 19 is a late-maturing variety for the 20th time, then 15 is watered again.

1 Feb. 2 1 After picking the fruits, furrow and fertilize them, and then water them once.

In addition, after picking the fruit, before the shed is buckled, wait until it is dry before watering it properly.

Section 3 Tree Regulation Technology

Fine adjustment

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Second, the tree potential regulation

From the second year, whenever you see vigorous growth, you should spray growth control and anti-aging drugs on the bottom of leaves. After fruit setting, spray calcium fertilizer on the bottom of leaves three times a week, 3-4 times. Spray 0.2% borax on the bottom of leaves three times a year in September.

The fourth quarter buckle shed and shed management technology

1. Determine the tent buckling time.

1, greenhouse refrigeration promotes sleep in winter

When the temperature drops to 7℃ at night (Weifang 10 in the middle and late June, the south area is delayed, and the north area is advanced), the film and thick grass felt should be tightly covered during the day and night (the grass felt is not thick enough to work), and ice cubes or refrigeration devices should be placed in the shed to keep it below 7℃ all day. In another ten days, when the temperature drops below 5℃ at night, ice cubes and cold storage will not be put. Cover the film and grass felt tightly during the day and open it at night, and keep it below 7℃ all day. The temperature of peach trees can be controlled in early June, 5438+February. This method is listed 80 days earlier than the open field.

2. Peach trees with few flower buds should be shed at the end of June 5438+February, and trees with many flower buds should be shed in the middle and late February of June 5438+February (based on Weifang area, the south is delayed and the north is advanced), and the temperature can be controlled after the shed is closed. This method is listed about 60 days earlier than the open field.

(Note: The fruits in greenhouses are listed earlier in the north in winter, and the three northeastern provinces are the earliest, but because it is colder, it is necessary to strengthen warm-keeping measures. In winter greenhouse, spraying monoacrylamide or 5% ~ 8% lime nitrogen solution with penetrant can break sleep. )

Two. Popularize rooting technology

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Three. Temperature, humidity, light and gas control technology

1, daytime temperature control

Daytime temperature adjustment should pay attention to the following points:

The flowering period may be advanced or delayed, but whenever it enters the flowering period, it should be adjusted immediately according to the flowering temperature.

The flowering period is generally 15~20 days after flowering, and the petals of shaking trees fall off one after another, which is the flowering period Too short flowering period is not conducive to fruit setting, and too long flowering period delays maturity.

The main reason for falling buds before flowering is that the temperature in the shed rises too early and the dormancy is not sufficient.

The temperature rises too fast, the flower organs are not fully developed, which is not conducive to fruit setting, and the flowering temperature is too high, which is not conducive to fruit setting.

When the temperature is too high, even if the outdoor air can't cool down smoothly, you can use a sunshade net.

The temperature at the temperature of 1~3 days in the greenhouse is particularly important, which directly affects the flowering time, flowering period, fruit setting rate, fruit size, fruit quality and tree vigor.

The temperature during the day directly affects the color, sugar content and ripening time of fruits from hard core to harvest.

List of daytime temperature control after peach shrinkage in greenhouse

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2. Temperature control at night

The temperature at night is based on the temperature before sunrise.

From the temperature rise in the greenhouse to the big bud stage, higher night temperature is beneficial to flower bud differentiation, but too high night temperature is not conducive to fruit setting. When the temperature is lower than 2℃ at night, the flower organs are poorly developed, and there is no pollen, ovary and fruit setting. If the temperature is lower than 0℃ at night, it will cause harm even for a short time, and it will only blossom without fruit. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the temperature at night from flowering to fruit setting.

From hard core to harvest, lower night temperature is beneficial to fruit expansion and fruit quality, but it is not easy to reduce night temperature at this stage. The following are measures to improve and reduce the temperature at night.

The measures to improve the night temperature are as follows: a. Close the air outlet early and put the grass felt early. B, wind deflector is set at the tuyere, surrounded by grass felt, and thick plastic film is hung in the shed, that is, double-layer film. C light candles or industrial alcohol, or install a hair dryer, or install a small boiler to boil hot water, but don't burn smoking fuel. Maintain a large air humidity before the big bud stage. E. plastic molded water pipes are laid on the ground, which are heated during the day and drained at night.

The measures to reduce the night temperature are as follows: a. Delaying closing the air outlet and putting grass felt. B. Weifang area starts from the middle and late March (the south is ahead of schedule and the north is delayed. ) Generally, you don't put grass mats at night, except when it is cold. From the middle and late April, the air outlet is generally not closed at night.