1. How to prune tomatoes?
Pruning will be deleted from the side branch of the leaf base minister. Pruning is a field management measure that must be implemented in tomato planting. Tomato pruning method is as follows.
(1) The pruning method is determined to ensure that each tomato keeps several growth points. Common pruning methods include single stem pruning, single stem semi-pruning, double stem pruning and multi-stem pruning. Single stem pruning only keeps the main stem, while all the side branches are deleted. Therefore, single stem pruning is only used for infinite growth tomato varieties. Semi-pruning of the trunk means keeping one side branch next to the trunk and erasing all other side branches. After 2-3 fruits of the lateral branches, the lateral branches are topped. This pruning method is usually suitable for infinite growth types and high-limit varieties with limited growth. According to the growth habit of tomato, the first lateral branch under the first inflorescence of the main branch grows most vigorously. Therefore, the other side branches should choose the first side branch below the first inflorescence node of the main branch. Double stem pruning is similar to single stem semi-pruning, but the difference is that the lateral branches are not kept at the top and allowed to grow, but the axillary buds must be removed. For tomatoes with limited growth types, especially short cover tomatoes, when using double stem pruning, two double stems should always be left on the plant. Multi-stem pruning means to keep 3-4 stems on the plant, one of which is the main branch. This pruning method is only used in the early cultivation of short-sealed varieties. When determining the pruning method, we should not only consider the growth type of varieties, but also consider the planting density. If there are not enough seedlings when sowing, two or three stems can be trimmed appropriately; If the planting density is high, single stem pruning can be considered when pruning.
(2) The first pruning time may occur in each axil of tomato. Therefore, in the process of colonization, the leaf buds of tomato seedlings have sprouted lateral buds and even appeared lateral branches. But generally speaking, before sowing, some early lateral branches can be used to make some nutrients without pruning seedlings, and the existence of these lateral branches can promote the growth of roots to a certain extent. However, the first pruning time should not be too late, otherwise it is easy to make plants grow. Usually, tomato is cultivated in spring, and the first pruning is carried out on 10 ~ 15 days after planting, and the length of lateral branches is about 5-6 cm. After the first pruning, once the side branches are found, they should be pruned immediately. In addition, when pruning, wipe off the side branches from the base, and do not keep the branches of the side branches.
(3) Problems that should be paid attention to when pruning is a routine work of tomato field management. Pruning is bound to cause wounds and easily lead to the spread of diseases. Therefore, it should be pruned after drying dew in the morning. Too early, the dew is not dry, which easily leads to illness from the mouth. But you can't prune at night, because after pruning at night, the wound caused by pruning can't heal on the same day, and it is easy to invade bacteria. The temperature is higher at noon and the air humidity is lower. If pruning is carried out at this time, the side branches will be partially dehydrated, which is inconvenient to operate and difficult to wipe off from the substrate. In the case of pruning, if diseased plants are found, especially those with virus transmission, these plants should be temporarily preserved. When healthy plants are finished eating, take them away and wash your hands with soap. Tomato tobacco mosaic virus can be spread through tobacco leaves or tobacco with virus. Please don't smoke during field operations such as pruning.
2. Is it necessary to thin flowers and fruits in tomato cultivation? How to operate?
There are not only serious problems of falling flowers and fruits in tomato cultivation, but also too many plants or one inflorescence. Too many results in an inflorescence may lead to two basic problems. First, the fruit is too small. If the result is normal, three inflorescences are produced, with an average fruit weight of 150g. If inflorescences produce four or more inflorescences, the weight of a single fruit will decrease obviously, which may be only 120g or less. Secondly, it leads to or aggravates the periodicity of plant fruits. Too many fruits per plant will not only lead to smaller fruits, but also lead to premature senescence of plants, which will eventually reduce yield and affect benefits.
It can be seen that it is very important to control the number of fruit set and the number of fruit per plant. However, under normal circumstances, tomatoes are not treated with sulfur thinning, and when growth regulators are used to promote fruit setting, only the number of fruits in each inflorescence or even the whole plant can be controlled. However, when it is found that the inflorescence bears too many fruits, young fruits, deformed fruits and diseased fruits far from the inflorescence base should be removed in time.
In addition, the intensity and size of tomato fruit are not only affected by environmental conditions, but also an important feature of this variety. Some varieties are fruity, while others are fruity. For large and medium-sized fruit varieties with strong fruiting, when there are too many fruits in an inflorescence, 2-3 fruits should be kept, and then the remaining young fruits or flowers should be removed; If it is a small fruit variety, and it is generally a processed variety or a cherry tomato variety, their fruit shape itself is not large, although the production capacity is generally strong, but the number of fruits per inflorescence and the number of fruits per inflorescence are rarely controlled.
3. How to prevent tomato plants from growing in vain?
After tomato is planted in the field, especially after sowing and reducing seedlings, the plants tend to become longer, which is characterized by thick stems, large and thick leaves, sparse buds and flowers, and poor results; Or the stems are slender and protruding. The leaves are thin and pale, the buds are thin and the flowers fall.
Generally, the appearance time of mid-late maturity varieties is longer than that of early maturity varieties. The main reasons for tomato plants are too wet soil, too much nitrogen fertilizer or continuous rainy weather and insufficient light. The main measures to prevent plant growth are:
1. Sow in time, deeply cultivate sorghum, promote root growth, and coordinate aboveground and underground growth.
2. Control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer.
3. Prune and set up the shed in time, use 2,4-D or other chemicals to promote fruit setting, and take measures to promote fruit setting, so as to make the plants grow at an early date and inhibit the excessive growth of the plants.
4. After sowing, spray the plants with 0.2%-0.3% Bordeaux solution.