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1. Cut Hong Kong Island to Britain

2. Compensation of 2 1 ten thousand silver dollars.

3. Open Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai as trading ports.

4. The tariff rate levied by China Customs on goods imported and exported by British businessmen should be agreed with the British side.

affect

1. China has become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

2. The main contradiction is the contradiction between the landlord class and the peasant class.

It has become a contradiction between foreign capitalism and the Chinese nation, feudalism and the people.

3. The contradiction between foreign capitalism and the Chinese nation has become the main contradiction.

4. Since then, the people of China have shouldered the dual revolutionary task of opposing foreign capitalist aggression and domestic feudal rule.

5. China entered the period of old democratic revolution.

Five-port Trade Charter and Humen Treaty 1844 Britain

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Consular jurisdiction, unilateral MFN treatment and the detention of leased land and houses in trading ports were all taken from it.

Wang Xia Huangpu Treaty 1844 US-France

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Get more positive rights and interests

Treaty of Tianjin 1858 Russia, the United States, Britain and France

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1. Foreign Minister accredited to Beijing

2. There are 10 commercial ports along the coast.

3. Foreign warships and merchant ships can sail in the Yangtze River port.

Foreigners can travel, trade and preach in Chinese mainland.

5. The Qing government compensated Britain and France for 2 million taels of silver each, and British businessmen for 2 million taels of silver.

Beijing Treaty 1860 Russia

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1. The Qing government recognized the validity of the Tianjin Treaty.

2. Tianjin is open for trade.

3. Allocate part of Kowloon Division to Britain.

4. The reparations to Britain and France increased to 8 million taels each.

Tianjin Article and Beijing Treaty have the same influence.

The Qing government began to be controlled by foreign powers, and Chinese and foreign reactionary forces openly colluded to suppress the resistance of the people of China.

The semi-colonial and semi-feudal degree of China has deepened.

Beijing Treaty 1860 Russia

By 19 in the 1980s, it occupied more than10.5 million square kilometers in the northeast and northwest of China.

Treaty of shimonoseki1April 895.

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1. Cut Liaodong Peninsula, Taiwan Province Province and its affiliated islands and Penghu Islands to Japan.

2. Compensation for Japanese military expenditure of 200 million taels of silver.

3. Open Shashi, Chongqing, Suzhou and Hangzhou as commercial ports, and Japanese ships can sail into these ports along inland rivers.

4. Japanese can invest and set up factories in China's trading ports, and the products are sold in the mainland of China without domestic tax.

affect

1. China's territory and sovereignty suffered heavy losses again.

2. From then on, imperialism scrambled to carve up its sphere of influence in China and set off a frenzy to carve up China.

3. Forcing the Qing government to borrow heavily from the big powers.

4. After the opening of the port, foreign aggression forces further infiltrated into the mainland of China.

Allowing Japan to invest and set up factories in China has expanded the channels for Japan to export capital to China and seriously hindered the development of Chinese national capitalism.

6. The degree of semi-colonization of China society has greatly deepened.

Treaty of Love and Ugliness1901September Britain, the United States, Russia, Japan, France, Germany, Italy and Austria

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1. The Qing government compensated 450 million taels of silver from various countries and paid it off in 39 years, with 980 million taels of principal and interest.

2. The compensation is guaranteed by China's customs duties and salt taxes, and China's tax revenue is controlled by foreign countries to a greater extent.

3. Establish an "embassy circle" in Dongjiaominxiang, Beijing. During his term of office, China people are not allowed to live, and troops are stationed in various places for protection.

4. Dismantle the battery from Beijing to Dagu, and allow countries to send troops to strategic locations along the railway from Beijing to Shanhaiguan.

5. Severely punish officials who "opposed" foreign powers in the Boxer Rebellion, and forever prohibit China people from establishing and joining various anti-imperialist organizations.

6. Change the Prime Minister's yamen to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ranking above the six ministries.

affect

Such an embassy circle became the occupied land of the great powers in the capital of China.

The Qing government has completely become a tool for imperialism to rule China and suppress the people.

The powers can strengthen their control over the Qing government through diplomatic channels.

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The following is a list of treaties that the China government or most people in China consider unequal.

China-Russia-Mongolia Treaty (signed on June 7, 2005 (19 15) by China, Russia and outer Mongolia).

People's Republic of China (PRC) Article 4 Treaty (Article 21) (signed by China, Japan and Beijing on May 25, 2004 (19 15)).

Manzhouli Border Agreement (19 1 1 year (3 years in Xuan Tong) 65438+February 20th, China and Russia, signed in Manzhouli).

China and Britain renewed the Tibet-India Treaty (1906 (thirty-two years of Guangxu), April 27th, signed in Beijing).

The meeting between China and Japan in the three northeastern provinces is about (1905 (Guangxu 3 1 year) 65438+February 22nd, and the signing place is Beijing).

The Treaty of Love and Ugliness (190 1 year (the 27th year of Guangxu), signed in Beijing).

Guangzhou Bay Concession Treaty (time: 1899 (25th year of Guangxu) 165438+ 10/6); Signing place: Guangzhou Bay; China and French)

Make an appointment for ahava (time: 1898 (Guangxu 24th year) July1; Signing place: Beijing; China and the United Kingdom)

Special article on expanding Hong Kong's borders (time: 1898 (Guangxu 24th year), June 9th; Signing place: Beijing; China and Britain) [FS:PAGE]

The Sino-Russian Land Lease Treaty (1898 (the 24th year of Guangxu)) was signed in Beijing on March 27th. 1On May 7th, 898, the land renewal treaty of the brigade was signed in Petersburg, Russia).

Sino-German Jiaoao Concession Treaty (1898 (the 24th year of Guangxu reign), March 6th, Beijing; China and German)

Sino-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1896 (22nd year of Guangxu), signed in Beijing on July 26th, 2 1).

Sino-Russian Secret Treaty (1June 3, 896 (Guangxu 22nd year), Moscow)

Treaty of shimonoseki (1895 (Guangxu 2 1) April 17, Shimonoseki and Japan)

Sino-British Conference (1890 (Guangxu16) March 17, Kolkata, India; Supplementary revision:1893 65438+February 5, Darjeeling)

Sino-British Yantai Treaty (1876 (Guangxu 2 years) Yantai; China and the United Kingdom)

Special performance between China and Japan in Beijing (1874 (Tongzhi 13)65438+ 10/)

On the Northwest Border between China and Russia (1864 (Tongzhi 3 years) 65438+1October 7, Talbahatai)

Sino-German Trade Treaty (Tianjin September 2 186 1 (Xianfeng, 1 1))

the treaty of beijing

Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty (1860 (Xianfeng10)165438+10/4, Beijing)

Beijing Sino-French Treaty (1860 (Xianfeng 10) 10, Beijing)

Sino-British Beijing Treaty (1860 (Xianfeng 10) 10, Beijing)

Tianjin treaty

Sino-French Treaty of Tianjin (Tianjin, 1858 (June 27th, Xianfeng 8th year))

Sino-British Treaty of Tianjin (Tianjin, 1858 (eighth year of Xianfeng), June 26th)

Sino-American Treaty of Tianjin (Tianjin, 1858 (June 8, Xianfeng))

Sino-Russian Treaty of Tianjin (Tianjin, 1858 (June 8, Xianfeng))

Sino-Russian treaty of infatuation (Aihui, 1858 (eighth year of Xianfeng), May 28th)

Lease of British-French-American Concession in Shanghai (Shanghai, 1854 (July 5th, Xianfeng, 4th year))

Ili Sino-Russian Talbahatai Trade Charter (Ili, 185 1 (the first year of Xianfeng), August 6th)

Huangpu Treaty (1844 (24 th year of Daoguang) 65438+24 October, with Huangpu, France)

Wang Xia Treaty (1844 (24th year of Daoguang), signed with the United States and Wang Xia on July 3rd).

Treaty of Humen (1843 (23 years of Daoguang) 10/0/8 October, with Britain, Humen)

Treaty of nanking (1842 (twenty-two years of Daoguang), August 29th, and Nanjing, England).

19 17 years, Germany and Austria-Hungary became hostile countries of China in World War I, and the unequal treaties were abolished. 19 17 The Soviet Union voluntarily gave up its privileges in China (it was not fully realized afterwards, nor did it return the territory acquired in the treaty). 1943, the United States and Britain voluntarily gave up their privileges in China. Italy and Japan lost their special status because they became enemies of China in World War II. 1946, the French gave up their privileges in China.

1949 after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), it did not recognize all the unequal treaties signed before.

What are the manifestations of China's growing prosperity?

Fasten a "safety belt" for life

Safety in production is one of the key areas of supervision by the party and the government. The promulgation of the Law on Work Safety, the reform of the national safety supervision system and the severe punishment of violations of laws and regulations have aroused widespread concern. However, the situation of safe production in China is still grim, and accidents in high-risk industries such as coal mines occur frequently. According to the long-term goal of safe production, by 2007, a relatively perfect safety supervision system will be established in China, the situation of safe production in the whole country will improve steadily, the accident-prone situation in key industries and fields will be reversed, and the number of accident deaths in industrial and mining enterprises, the death rate of one million tons in coal mines and the death rate of 10,000 vehicles in road traffic will decrease.

Children can afford to go to school

In 2004, the average years of education of the population over 0/5 years old in China/KLOC was 8.3 years, which exceeded the world average of 0/year old. However, only 7.2 of the education employees have received higher education, and the investment in education is still seriously insufficient. In 2006, popularizing and consolidating rural compulsory education will become the top priority of education. The growth of fiscal expenditure on education will be higher than that of fiscal expenditure, teachers' salaries and public funds per student will gradually increase, and problems related to the vital interests of the people, such as poor school conditions, difficult operation and unreasonable education fees, will be gradually solved. By 20 10, the population coverage rate of nine-year compulsory education will be close to 100.

See a doctor with peace of mind

In the past five years, China's medical and health undertakings have broken through the single development mode of the government, which is the fastest development period since the founding of New China. However, there are still many obstacles in the medical system and mechanism. The tendency of public medical institutions to pursue economic interests unilaterally is serious, and it is difficult and expensive to see a doctor for minor illnesses. In 2006, the pilot areas of the new rural cooperative medical system were expanded to 40, and the phenomenon of poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty was further curbed; The state implements the necessary funds, supports the construction of township hospitals and county hospitals, and provides farmers with safe and cheap basic medical services; The development of community health services will provide basic medical services for urban low-income people.

Feel free to drink water and eat meat [FS:PAGE]

In 2005, in order to strengthen pollution control and ecological protection, promote pollution prevention and control in key river basins, and focus on solving environmental pollution that seriously endangers people's health and safety, especially water pollution and air pollution, the state closed 15 small enterprises that wasted resources and polluted the environment, and implemented the discharge of industrial pollution sources within a time limit. In 2006, it has become one of the important goals of governments at all levels to let people drink clean water and breathe fresh air. The country has made it clear that by the end of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, the energy consumption per unit of GDP in China will be about 20% lower than that at the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, and building an environment-friendly society has increasingly become the consensus of the whole society.

Set up an umbrella

In the first 65,438 months of 2005, 8.8 million urban jobs were created in China, achieving the goal of 40 million urban jobs during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period ahead of schedule. However, China has entered the peak period of working-age population growth, and the gap between labor supply and demand will still reach130,000 ~140,000 in the next few years. In the future, enterprises should not focus on pushing surplus personnel to the society, and the state will also establish an employment-oriented index system for vocational education and training institutions. During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, 45 million new jobs will be created. Some discriminatory employment agreements will be banned. Optimizing the employment environment has become one of the important tasks of the government.

House ownership

In 2005, under the unified deployment of the State Council, many departments jointly managed the real estate market, and the market order improved. But for ordinary people, the price of commercial housing is still "high above". With the continuous implementation of the central government's policy of stabilizing housing prices, the real estate market will develop in the expected direction of restraining investment, controlling investment, guiding rational consumption and stabilizing housing prices, speculative purchases will be curbed, housing problems of low-and middle-income groups will receive more attention, and housing prices will be in line with the people in a wider range.

The elderly will get proper care.

Statistics show that in 2009, the social insurance premium of retirees nationwide increased by 19 times. However, at present, the coverage of public pension in China only accounts for 15 of the total population, and some retirees are living in distress, and the rural elderly basically do not enjoy social security. With the continuous improvement of the basic old-age insurance system for enterprise employees, the coverage of basic old-age insurance will gradually expand, focusing on non-public enterprises, urban individual industrial and commercial households and flexible employees. The state will gradually implement individual accounts for old-age insurance, and more and more people will live a life of old age and medical care.

* * * Enjoy the fruits of development.

In general, people's life in China has achieved a historic leap from subsistence to well-off, but the income or consumption share of the poorest population, which accounts for 20% of the total population, is only 4.7, while that of the richest population, which accounts for 20% of the total population, is as high as 50%. In 2006, the government will start with adjusting the national income distribution system and the national fiscal expenditure structure, and establish a support and protection system for agriculture, so that public services can benefit farmers; In the future, new financial resources will focus on rural areas, agriculture and farmers, and the growth rate will be much higher than the growth rate of recurrent fiscal revenue; Strategic measures such as developing the western region, revitalizing the old industrial base in Northeast China and promoting the rise of central China will also accelerate the pace of prosperity.

Migrant workers get their wages in time.

With the great attention of the party and the government, various localities have set off wage-seeking actions. By the end of September, 2005, the arrears of projects completed before 2003 had been paid off 1, 4 1 billion yuan, accounting for 75.82% of the total arrears. However, the phenomenon of ignoring and infringing on the interests of migrant workers still occurs from time to time, and the working environment still needs to be fundamentally improved. In 2006, it became the unshirkable responsibility of governments at all levels to let migrant workers get their wages on time and in full. With the effective supervision of enterprises by the state, the behavior of owners will be further standardized, and the phenomenon of wage arrears in projects under construction and new construction will be curbed; The environment for farmers to work in cities will be more relaxed.

Life is more quality.

Statistics show that at present, the average travel rate of urban and rural residents in China has reached 84.8, and cultural products are also greatly enriched. However, compared with the rising spiritual and cultural needs of the people, cultural service outlets are still far from perfect, and the high ticket prices in some scenic spots still make the people "flinch". In 2006, ordinary people were allowed to enjoy the scenery and enjoy a better quality of life, leaving more room for the government to think and work hard. With the advancement of cultural system reform, people will enjoy increasingly perfect cultural services; In rural areas, the popularity of cinemas, cultural centers, libraries and other facilities will greatly expand farmers' traditional concept of daily life.

For a country and a nation, human rights are first and foremost the people's right to exist. Without the right to life, all other human rights are out of the question. This is the simplest truth. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights affirms that everyone has the right to life, liberty and personal security. In old China, due to imperialist aggression, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism oppression, people's lives were not guaranteed, and countless people died of war, hunger and cold. Striving for the right to life has historically become the first human rights issue that the people of China must solve.

Without national independence, people's lives are not guaranteed. The imperialist aggression first endangers the survival of the people of China. Therefore, to fight for the right to subsistence, we must first fight for the right to national independence. Since 1840 Opium War, China has gradually changed from a feudal country to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country. From 1840 to 1 10 in 1949, the imperialist powers such as Britain, France, Japan, the United States and Russia successively launched hundreds of wars of aggression against China, which caused incalculable losses to the lives and property of China people.

-Imperialism massacred the people of China on a large scale in the war of aggression. 1900, Eight-Nation Alliance burned and looted, turning Tanggu town with more than 50,000 people into an empty ruin, leaving only 100 people in Tianjin after burning out. After entering Beijing, countless people were killed, including 1700 people in Zhuangwangfu alone. In the full-scale Japanese imperialist war of aggression against China, which began in 1937, more than 21000000 people were killed and injured, and more than 0/000000 people were disabled and killed. Among them, in the six weeks after1937 65438+February 13, the Japanese aggressor troops slaughtered 300,000 people in Nanjing.

-The imperialists wantonly sold and abused China laborers, causing countless lives in old China. According to incomplete statistics, from the middle of 19 century to the 1920s, as many as120,000 China laborers were trafficked all over the world. These kidnapped and deceived China laborers were imprisoned in "pig houses" and branded with the names of their destinations. During the period of 1852- 1858, more than 8,000 Chinese workers were tortured to death in Shantou alone. The record of wanton killing of China workers in projects and mines run by foreign forces in various parts of China is shocking. During the Japanese imperialist invasion of China, no less than 2 million workers were tortured to death in Northeast China alone. After being persecuted to death, workers in China were thrown into ravines or rock pits. More than 80 such "mass graves" have been discovered and the bones of more than 700,000 workers have been buried.

-Imperialism practiced colonial rule in China, which humiliated the people of China and made them have no human dignity at all. At that time, foreign invaders enjoyed "extraterritoriality", which was beyond the jurisdiction of China's legal officials. On February 24th, 1946, 1946, Shen Chong, a girl from Peking University, was raped by American soldier Pearson in Beiping, which aroused the great indignation of the people all over the country. However, the criminal was unilaterally dealt with by the United States and was acquitted. The "Concession" established by the foreign powers in China has administrative power, legislative power, judicial power, police power and financial power, and has become a "country within a country" completely independent of China's administrative and legal system. 1885, foreign invaders even put up a sign at the entrance of Shanghai French Concession Park, saying that "Chinese and dogs are not allowed in", which brazenly insulted the personality of China people.

-Imperialism forced China to sign more than 1 100 unequal treaties and plundered China's wealth on a large scale. According to statistics, in the past century, foreign invaders plundered war reparations and other funds through these unequal treaties as high as 654.38+000 billion taels of silver. Among them, eight unequal treaties, such as treaty of nanking, treaty of shimonoseki and Xin Chou Treaty, extorted compensation of195.3 million taels of silver, which was equivalent to 1.6 times of the revenue of the Qing government. However, Japan extorted 230 million taels of silver only through treaty of shimonoseki, which was equivalent to four and a half years' income of Japanese national finance at that time. The losses caused by the invaders' destruction and robbery in the war are even more difficult to estimate. During the Japanese full-scale war of aggression against China (1937- 1945), more than 930 cities in China were occupied, resulting in direct economic losses of 62 billion dollars and indirect economic losses of more than 500 billion dollars. The loss of national sovereignty and the plunder of social wealth have deprived the people of China of the most basic living conditions.

Faced with the decline of national sovereignty and the catastrophe of people's lives, the people of China have waged an indomitable struggle with foreign invaders for more than a century to save their nation and strive for national independence. During this period, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the Boxer Rebellion and the Revolution of 1911 that overthrew the feudal Qing Dynasty broke out in China. Although these revolutionary movements dealt a heavy blow to the imperialist forces in China, they failed to shake off China's semi-colonial status. It was not until China's * * * production party led the people of the whole country to overthrow the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang and establish the People's Republic of China (PRC) that this situation was fundamentally changed. Since the birth of 192 1, China's * * * production party has clearly put forward in its political program that "the oppression of international imperialism will be overthrown to realize the complete independence of the Chinese nation", "the warlords will be overthrown and China will be counted as a real democratic country", and it has led the people in arduous struggles and won the national democratic revolution.

The establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) eradicated the forces of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism in Chinese mainland, put an end to China's humiliating history of being trampled on and bullied for more than 100 years and the turbulent situation of long-term war and fragmentation, and realized the long-awaited national independence and reunification. The Chinese nation, which accounts for nearly a quarter of the human population, is no longer a nation that aggressors can slaughter and insult at will. The people of China stood up as masters of the country, and for the first time truly enjoyed their due human dignity and won the respect of the whole world. The life safety of the people in China has been fundamentally guaranteed.

Although the life of the people of China will no longer be ravaged by foreign invaders because of the independence of the country, to truly solve the problem of the right to subsistence, we must provide basic living security for the people on this basis.

Eating enough and wearing warm clothes is the minimum requirement for China people who have suffered from hunger and cold for a long time. Successive governments in old China not only failed to solve this problem, but aggravated the people's disaster. In old China, landlords and rich peasants, who only accounted for 10% of the rural population, occupied 70% of the land, while poor farm labourers, who accounted for 70% of the rural population, only occupied 10% of the land. The bureaucratic comprador bourgeoisie, which accounts for a very small population, monopolizes 80% of industrial capital and manipulates the lifeline of the national economy. The people of China are exploited by land rent, taxes, usury and industrial and commercial capital, and the degree of exploitation and poverty is rare in the world. According to statistics, in 1932, there were as many as 1656 kinds of exorbitant taxes, and their donations accounted for about 60% to 90% of farmers' harvest. Coupled with the political corruption and incompetence of the reactionary government, it humiliated the country and served as the ruling tool of imperialism. Warlords, large and small, have been fighting for a long time, and the people have suffered greatly and their survival is difficult. It is estimated that 80% of people in old China were hungry or semi-hungry for a long time, and tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of people died of hunger almost every year. In the event of a natural disaster, it is even hungrier. 193 1 year, floods in east China caused more than 3.7 million deaths. 1943, 3 million people starved to death in Henan province alone, and another150 thousand people lived on grass roots and bark and were on the verge of death. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, the reactionary Kuomintang government launched a civil war, squeezing people's fat and paste, resulting in a total economic collapse. 1946, starved to death everywhere100000 people. 1947, the hungry population in China exceeded 65438+ billion, accounting for 22% of the national population at that time.

1949 since the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the governments of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and China have always regarded solving the problem of food and clothing for their people as their top priority and the most urgent task. The people's government led the people of the whole country for three years, concentrated on healing the wounds of war, and quickly restored the national economy to the highest level in history. On this basis, China lost no time in realizing the socialist transformation of agriculture, handicrafts and capitalist industry and commerce, fundamentally eliminating the system of exploitation and implementing the socialist system, making the people of China the masters of the means of production and the beneficiaries of social wealth for the first time in history. This has greatly stimulated the people's enthusiasm for building a new China and a new life, liberated social productive forces, and made the social economy develop unprecedentedly in the history of China. After 1979, China took economic construction as the center, implemented reform and opening up, and built Socialism with Chinese characteristics, which further promoted the heart of social productive forces, thus basically solving the problem of food and clothing for1/kloc-0 million people. China's arable land accounts for only 7% of the world's arable land, and its per capita possession is only 1.3 mu, which is far lower than the average level of US 12. 16 mu and the average level of 4.52 mu in the world, but it supports 22% of the world's population. Some politicians in the West once asserted that no government in China can solve the problem of people's feeding. However, socialist China solved this historical problem by itself. Over the past 40 years, although China's population has increased by more than140,000 per year, the per capita consumption of major consumer goods has increased substantially. According to the sampling survey, the daily calories 1952 and 1990 of Chinese residents from food are 2270 kcal and 231/kcal, which are close to the world average.

China people's life expectancy and health level have been greatly improved. According to statistics, the average life expectancy in China has been raised from 35 years before liberation to 70 years in 1988, exceeding the level of middle-income countries in the world. The death rate of population dropped from 33‰ before liberation to 6.67‰ in 1990, making it one of the countries with the lowest death rate in the world. From 65438 to 0987, the infant mortality rate in China was 3 1‰, which was close to the level of high-income countries. The physique of China population, especially the physique of teenagers? Pure? Is the neck dyed and vented? What about diarrhea? Compared with 1979 1937- 194 1 year, the height of boys aged 15 increased 1.8 cm, and the average weight increased by 2. 1 kg. 15-year-old girl, her height increased by 1.3 cm and her weight increased by 1 kg. Since 1979, China people's physique has improved obviously, and they have completely got rid of the old China's "sick man of East Asia" hat.

The problem of people's food and clothing has been basically solved, and the problem of people's right to subsistence has been basically solved. This is a historic achievement made by the people of China and the government of China in striving for and safeguarding human rights.

In China, safeguarding people's right to subsistence and improving people's living conditions are still the primary issues. Although China has achieved independence, China is still a developing country with limited national strength. Maintaining China's independence and sovereignty and ensuring that China is not bullied by imperialism are still the basic conditions for the survival and development of the people of China. Although China has basically solved the problem of food and clothing, the level of economic development is still relatively low, and there is still a big gap between people's living standards and those of developed countries. The pressure of population and the relative poverty of per capita resources will also restrict the development of social economy and the improvement of people's lives. In the event of turmoil or other disasters, the people's right to exist will be threatened. Therefore, we should maintain national stability, follow the successful route, concentrate on developing productive forces, persist in reform and opening up, strive to develop the national economy and enhance national strength, so that the people of the whole country can further reach a well-off level on the basis of adequate food and clothing, and the people's right to subsistence will not be threatened. This is the most fundamental wish and demand of the people of China, and it is also a long-term and urgent task of the China government.