object clause

(1) For the object clause, we should grasp the following three points.

Word order: The word order of clauses must be the word order of declarative sentences, that is, the form of "subject+predicate".

② Tense: When the main clause is the general present tense or the general future tense, the clause can be any tense, while when the main clause is the general past tense, the clause and the clause tense must be in the past tense range, that is, (the general past tense, the past continuous tense, the past perfect tense and the past future tense).

③ Conjunction: When the meaning of the clause is complete and the meaning of the main clause is affirmative, the conjunction is that and can be omitted; When the meaning of a clause is complete, the meaning of the main clause is uncertain or negative, and if or what is often used. When the meaning of a clause is incomplete, a conjunction is a special interrogative word used to replace the incomplete part.

adverbial clause

(2) As for adverbial clauses, we mainly study time adverbial clauses and conditional adverbial clauses. For these two adverbial clauses, besides the word order of declarative sentences, we should pay special attention to the structure of "the subject will come from now" (that is, the main clause is the future tense). If you want to use the future tense in the clause, you must use the simple present tense instead of the simple future tense. The conjunctions of time adverbial clauses and conditional adverbial clauses are usually: when, while, only, until. Therefore, when the connectives are the above five words, if the main clause is the future tense, we should consider whether the clauses should also use the future tense. If so, we should use the structure of "the subject will come from now", and there are other adverbial clauses of result consisting of so…that…, adverbial clauses of through … or …but…, and adverbial clauses of reason consisting of because or so. Note that through (though) and but (but), because (because) and so (so) cannot appear in the same sentence at the same time. In Chinese, only one of them can be used to express the meaning of two words.

Predicative clause

The clause that plays an predicative role in a sentence is called predicative clause, which is located after the verb in the main sentence. The leading words of the predicative clause are the same as those of the subject clause. It is also a kind of noun clause.

What the police want to know is that when you enter the room.

The problem is that we are short of funds. The difficulty lies in our lack of funds.

This is what we should do. This is what we should do.

That's why I want you to work there.

His first question is whether Mr. Smith has arrived. His first question is whether Mr. Smith has arrived.

Note: interrogative sentences in clauses are normal word order, that is, declarative word order.

As if, as if, becau can also be used to guide predicative clauses.

She seems to have done something great.

That's because you eat too much.

Appositive clause

1. The clauses used as appositive in complex sentences are called appositive clauses. It usually follows some nouns to explain the specific content they represent. For example:

I heard the news that our team won. I heard the news that our team won.

I didn't know you were here. I didn't know you were here.

Second, nouns that can be used with appositive clauses usually include: new, idea, fact, promise, question, question, thought, hope, message, suggestion, word (message), possibility, etc. For example:

I got a message from Mr. Wang that he can't see you this afternoon. I'm from Mr. Wang. He asked me to tell you that he can't come to see you this afternoon.

Third, the words that guide appositive clauses in English generally include conjunctions that, where, adverbs how, when, where and so on. (note: if, you can't guide appositive clauses. ) such as:

I don't know when he will come back.

He must answer the question whether he agrees or not.

He must answer whether he agrees with such a question.

Sometimes appositive clauses can be separated by other words instead of immediately following nouns. For example:

A few years later, the news came that Napoleon himself would come to inspect them.

A few years later, it was reported that Napoleon would personally inspect them.

It occurred to him that perhaps the enemy had fled the city.

It suddenly occurred to him that perhaps the enemy had fled the city.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) The difference between Hungarian appositive and attributive clause.

1, the appositive clause is collocated with the previous noun, that is, it explains the content of the previous noun; Modify the attributive clause and the preceding noun, that is, limit the scope of the preceding noun or supplement some situations. For example:

The news that I passed the exam is true. The news that I passed the exam is true.

(appositive clauses, that is, clauses express the meaning of the previous nouns. )

The news that he just detained me is true. The news he just told me is true.

(attributive clause, clause plays the role of modifying the previous noun, that is, the news he told me, not other news. )

2. It is the conjunction that guides the appositive clause, and it does not act as any component in the clause; It is the relative pronoun that guides the attributive clause, which not only plays a connecting role in the clause, but also acts as the subject, object or predicative. For example:

The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.

The idea that computers can recognize people's voices surprises many people. This does not play any role in this clause. )

The idea he put forward surprised many people. His idea surprised many people.

That's the object of gave in the clause. )

Attributive clause (it is very troublesome to say ~)

Attributive clauses are used as attributes in sentences to modify nouns or pronouns, and the modified nouns, phrases or pronouns are antecedents. Attributive clauses usually appear after antecedents and are guided by relative words (relative pronouns or adverbs).

Relative pronouns are: who who, who, who, who, that, which, etc.

Relative adverbs include: when, where and why.

1. Attributive clause guided by relative pronouns

The antecedents replaced by relative pronouns are pronouns of nouns or people or things, which act as subjects, objects, attributes and other components in sentences. When a relative pronoun is used as the subject in an attributive clause, the person and number of the predicate verb of the clause should be consistent with the antecedent.

1) So-and-so

The antecedents replaced by these words are human nouns or pronouns, which play the following roles in clauses:

Is he the man who wants to see you?

Is he the person you want to see? (who/that is the subject in the clause)

He is the man whom I saw yesterday.

He is the man whom I saw yesterday. (whom/that is the object in the clause)

2) Whose is used to refer to people or things, (only as an attribute, if it refers to things, it can also be interchanged with of which), for example:

They rushed to help the man whose car broke down. The man's car broke down and everyone ran to help.

Please pass me the book with a green cover. Please pass me the green book.

3) which one, that one

The antecedents they replace are nouns or pronouns of things, which can be used as subjects and objects in clauses, such as:

There has been unprecedented prosperity in this country. There has been unprecedented prosperity in the countryside. (which/which is the object in the sentence)

The package you are holding is about to open. The bag you are carrying is going to be scattered. (which/which is the object in the sentence)

2. Attributive clauses guided by relative adverbs

The antecedents that relative adverbs can replace are time, place or cause nouns, which are used as adverbials in clauses.

(time, place and reason)

Relative adverbs when, where and why are equivalent to the structure of "preposition +which", so they are often used interchangeably with the structure of "preposition +which", for example:

When one has to give in, there will always be accidents. Everyone gives in sometimes.

Beijing is the place where I was born. Beijing is my birthplace.

Is this the reason why he refused our proposal? Is that why he refused us to help him?

2) Substitute relative adverbs

That can be used to replace when, where, why and attributive clauses guided by "preposition +which" after nouns indicating time, place, way and reason. That is often omitted in spoken English, for example:

His father died in the year when he was born. His father died in the year when he was born.

He can't find the place where he lived forty years ago. He is unlikely to find the place where he lived forty years ago.

3. Judge relative pronouns and adverbs

Method 1: Whether to use a relative pronoun or a relative adverb depends entirely on the predicate verb in the clause. If there is no object after the transitive verb, use a relative pronoun; Intransitive verbs need relative adverbs. For example:

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

I will never forget the day when I worked with you.