Reasonable and correct cultivation techniques and preventive measures are conducive to the improvement of grape yield. The following are the cultivation methods and techniques I have carefully arranged for you. Let's have a look.

Grape planting methods and techniques

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Garden selection

Choose high terrain, preferably sunny slope, rich and deep sandy loam or loose soil, PH6.3? 7.3 For plots with good irrigation and drainage, as grape planting is a labor-intensive industry with many manual operations, it is best to build gardens in places with sufficient labor.

Setup support

The support can be a cement column with a length of about 2.5m and a thickness of 300px square. The columns are buried forward, with a distance of about 6m and a buried depth of 60? 1750px, the scaffolding mode with single column and two arms is adopted, which is beneficial to early fruit and high yield in the later stage.

Field planting

Choose 1 with complete root system and more fibrous roots? 2-year-old grafted seedlings, plant spacing 1.5m, row spacing 6m, low density, in order to improve ventilation and light transmission, and reduce pathogenic factors, the ground temperature in northern spring can reach 7? Colonize at 10 degrees. It is warm in winter in the south and can be planted in late autumn or winter.

Fertilizer and water management

Scientific fertilization

Adhere to the principle of fertilizer and water management, that is, apply nitrogen organic fertilizer reasonably, apply base fertilizer again, skillfully apply topdressing, improve the P/A ratio, advocate applying base fertilizer in autumn, dig a ditch about 1500 px deep, apply 5000kg crop straw, livestock manure and soil miscellaneous fertilizer per mu below 750px, fill and mix, and finally cover the soil to fill the ditch. Five times, in order to learn to communicate and exchange information better, build a group, 3 14 in front, 305 in the middle and 957 in the back. Generally, topdressing urea or diammonium 15 before germination? 25 kg/mu. After fruit setting, topdressing 25 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 20 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu? 25kg, topdressing ternary compound fertilizer 15 20 days after harvest? 20 kg/mu. Each time topdressing combined with watering, spray 0.4? Fertilize once every two weeks from the middle and late August. 0.5% urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or trace elements such as calcium and boron promote the ripening of fruits and branches.

Reasonable irrigation

Depending on the soil moisture content, irrigation should not be too frequent, and it is better not to be affected by Korea. Adequate irrigation with water for germination, flowering, fruiting and freezing can ensure high yield throughout the year. Water 1 time after each fertilization, so as to avoid excessive watering and excessive humidity in the garden and increase the occurrence of diseases. When watering, flood with small water. When the water is enough, remember to ditch more to slow down the water flow.

Plastic trimming

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Tie the vines, fix the new buds on the scaffolding, distribute them evenly, take up reasonable time, and cultivate each seedling for 3? Five main kinds of vines. 2. Remove the core and leave the secondary branches on the main vine. More than 4 times, according to the characteristics of red grape leaves, leave 7? Picking 8-leaf cores is beneficial to control vigorous growth, promote branch maturity, thicken leaves and turn green, and improve photosynthesis. 3. The whole panicle of vegetable inflorescence is based on the principle that the ratio of vegetative branches and fruiting branches is 2: 1, and the inflorescence on vegetative branches is sparse. 4, bagging can reduce the infection of pests and diseases, reduce the harm of sunburn, ensure the smoothness of the fruit surface, and break the bag for half a month to facilitate coloring.

Winter scissors

The winter pruning of young grapes from defoliation to burying branches is mainly to cultivate main vines, shape long stems, cultivate high-yield skeletons and cut off secondary branches. The main shoot with low maturity at the tip of the main vine is cut short, and the main vine is used as the skeleton in the third age and full fruit stage, and the fruiting mother branch is mainly cultivated, leaving 1 for the lateral vine. 2. The bud is short, and the length of the main vine tip depends on the frame shape. At the same time, cut off the branches of diseases and insect pests, weak branches, overgrown branches and dense branches to coordinate the contradiction between tree growth and fruit.

Four fruits management

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Because grapes are dense and dense, it is necessary to strictly control the number of fruit ears, so that one third of the vegetative branches do not leave fruit ears, and one ear is left in the fruiting branches to ensure high yield and high quality every year. Excessive spikes, excessive spikes and abnormal spikes should be thinned out. No more than 1.5 kg per ear, 3000 kg per mu, no more than 2000 ears. The ear is treated by stripping and binding, and the excessively long ear is removed, accounting for one fifth of the total length of the ear, so as to make it neat, and the spikelets, abnormal grains and diseased grains are thinned out, so as to avoid wasting nutrition.

Fruit ear bagging

After the flowers wither, 22? After 26 days, when the ear is shaped and drained, and the fruit is bigger than soybean, it is better to bag it in a white transparent paper bag. Spray pesticides all over the garden before bagging, and seal the bagging mouth after the medicine is dry. Pay attention to control pests and diseases after bagging, especially branches and leaves. It can be bagged before picking. 2 weeks, it should be done at 10 in the morning and after 4 pm, and the middle and lower parts of the paper bag should be torn and lifted to promote coloring. Leaves are picked in 4 days, mainly to remove the old leaves near the ear. At the same time, rotate the fruit to promote the uniform coloring of the fruit.

Fruit harvesting

It is not advisable to harvest in batches in advance, otherwise it will not only have low sugar content and poor quality, but also be unstable in storage. When harvesting, cut off the ear stalks by hand, and do not touch the fruit surface to avoid damaging the fruit powder. After harvesting, box it in time and store it at room temperature.

Eliminate pests and diseases

Grape has poor disease resistance, and the main diseases are mildew, black bean disease, white rot and gray mold. June and July are concentrated rainfall periods, which are in line with the occurrence and epidemic conditions of grape mildew and gray mold diseases. Therefore, we must pay attention to the prevention and control of various diseases after rain and strictly control the harm of grape diseases and insect pests to inflorescences and other organs. Pests mainly include red spiders, aphids, leafhoppers and so on. , we must adhere to the policy of prevention first and comprehensive management.

Overwintering, cold protection and excavation

In the northern region, the overwintering of grapes is carried out by burying the soil in the cold after pruning the fallen leaves. The method is to gently press the plants along the planting line, carefully seal them with fine soil, and cultivate them in a ridge shape, with the south low and the north high inclined to the sun, so that the temperature can be increased by receiving sunlight during the day, and the earth house can be reduced, which is very conducive to safe wintering. Buried soil should be dry but not wet, otherwise it will cause bud rot and reduce germination rate. Air leakage? The excavation time should be sooner rather than later, and it is best to finish it in late April, 1 week. Care should be taken not to hurt seedlings when digging to prevent bleeding. After the seedlings are unearthed, replanting should be carried out according to the maturity.

Method for planting grape seedlings

Planting time of grape seedlings

In northern China, it is better to plant grape seedlings in autumn than in spring. In order to protect the safety of new grape seedlings, it is best to plant them in spring if irrigation is convenient.

Soil preparation for grape seedling cultivation

Before planting 1 grape seedlings, dig a planting ditch with a width of 1 m and a depth of 0.6-0.8 m according to the row spacing (fence frame 2.5 m, shed frame 4.5-5 m).

2 backfill organic mixture (wheat straw, chopped corn straw, fallen leaves, sawdust, etc.). ) and soil (according to the ratio of 1: 1- 1: 2) from the bottom of the ditch to about 30 cm above the ground, and then fully irrigated.

After the filled soil sinks, it is filled to the ground with a mixture of decomposed manure (4000-5000 kg per mu) and soil. If the grape seedlings are planted in spring, the above preparations should be completed in the autumn of the previous year.

Grape seedling cultivation method

Before planting grape seedlings, each grape seedling must be selected and renovated. Grape seedlings that meet the quality standards are generally cut 3? 4. Full buds, cut off the chopped and moldy parts of the root system, and soak the overground branches with 5 degrees of stone sulfur mixture or 200 times of thiram arsenic. 3 minutes to eliminate germs and pests on branches and buds.