Mandala flower

Its name is a transliteration of Sanskrit, and its meaning is "pleasant flower". It is also known as mandala, golden flower, wild pockmark, drunken flower, etc. . Solanaceae, annual herb. The stem is strong and upright. The whole Datura plant is highly toxic, and its leaves, flowers and seeds can be used as medicine. It is pungent and warm in nature. It is mainly used to treat cough and asthma, sores on the face, prolapse of the anus and cold-damp athlete's foot. It can also be used as an anesthetic.

Family: Solanaceae, Mandala

Flowering period: blooms all year round

Flower color: white, red, light blue, purple

< p>The best: Purple Mandala, Double Mandala, Northern Golden Flower

Viewing tips: elegant color (such as green, purple), heavy petals, large flowers, fragrant

< p>Medicinal properties: analgesic, anesthesia, cough and asthma treatment

Identification characteristics: upright stem, 1~2m high. The leaves are broadly ovate, apex acuminate, asymmetrically wedge-shaped at the base, with irregular wavy lobes on the edges, triangular lobes, and sparse pubescence on the veins. The calyx is tube-shaped, with 5 edges and corners, and is 4~5cm long; the corolla is funnel-shaped, 6~10cm long, with the upper part white or purple; the anthers are 3~4mm long. The capsule is upright, ovoid, 3~4cm long, with hard needles on the surface, and has 4 lobes when mature. Seeds black.

Biological characteristics: annual herb, which can grow into a subshrub in low latitudes. Born in wasteland, dry land, beside houses, sunny slopes, forest edges, and grasslands. The flowering period is from June to October, and the fruiting period is from July to November. Propagation by seeds.

Origin: Mexico; widely introduced and naturalized in temperate to tropical regions of the world.

Distribution and habitat: Widely distributed in temperate to tropical regions around the world; produced in all provinces and regions in my country. Often born in villages, roadsides, and grasslands.

Distribution status in China: cultivation and naturalization in various regions across the country.

Introduction, diffusion and problems: It was introduced into China as a medicinal plant in the late Ming Dynasty, recorded in "Compendium of Materia Medica" (1593). It is a weed in dry land, orchards and nurseries, or invades forest edges, roadsides and grasslands. The whole plant contains alkaloids, which are highly toxic to humans, livestock, fish and birds, with the fruits and seeds being the most toxic.

Uses: The leaves, flowers and seeds are used as medicine to have antispasmodic, sedative, analgesic and anesthetic properties; the seed oil can be used to make soap and ginseng paint.

Other names: Intoxicating flower, dog walnut, drunken peach, crazy eggplant, Nanyang golden flower, mountain eggplant, and phoenix flower.

Toxicity: Poisonous.

Toxic parts: The whole plant is poisonous, with the fruits, especially the seeds, being the most toxic, followed by the young leaves. Dried leaves are less toxic than fresh leaves.

Toxic ingredients: Mainly containing scopolamine and hyoscyamine, followed by atropine, apoatropine, noratropine, daturine, tigloidine, datura Alkali, indium, 2,6-dihydroxyhoscyamine (2,6-dihydroxyhoscyamine), hyoscyamine and 7-hydroxy-3,6-dihydroxyhoscyamine. The total alkaloid content was highest at the end of flowering and decreased rapidly when the seeds matured. Hemagglutinin is also isolated from the seeds.

There are many reports about datura poisoning. Symptoms usually appear half an hour after eating, and may occur as soon as 20 minutes or no later than 3 hours. The poisonous dose depends on the route of entry, age and health status. different. Adults can be poisoned by eating just three seeds; children are more sensitive and only need one-tenth of adults, no more than one, and can be poisoned by just 3 to 4 seeds. Most cases are acute and sudden. Children who are poisoned may still experience drowsiness. External application of Mangosteen leaves can also cause acute systemic poisoning. The symptoms are the same as those taken orally, and the onset of symptoms is faster than those who take it.

Various domestic animals can be poisoned, with cats being the most sensitive, followed by cattle and horses, and sheep and rabbits being the most tolerant. The lethal dose of the above-ground part of the plant to cattle is 150~300g, horses 150~200g, and sheep 75~200g. The horse ate 1kg of seeds and died of convulsions the next day. The seeds are extremely toxic to ostriches and are also toxic to fish. Recently reported symptoms of sheep poisoning include ataxia, spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers, hyperesthesia, rapid breathing, and less drinking water.

Clinical manifestations and incubation period: Symptoms often appear half an hour to 1 hour after eating. They are inhibition of the parasympathetic nervous system and excitement of the central nervous system. They are similar to the symptoms of atropine poisoning, including dry mouth, difficulty swallowing, Hoarse voice, dry skin, flushing, fever, rapid heartbeat, deepened breathing, elevated blood pressure, headache, dizziness, restlessness, delirium, auditory and visual hallucinations, confusion, erratic crying and laughing, muscle twitching, *** Dysfunction or paroxysmal convulsions and spasms. In addition, there are elevated body temperature, constipation, mydriasis and hyperreflexia of the knee. Most of the above symptoms disappear or basically disappear within 24 hours. Severe cases will enter lethargy, convulsion, cyanosis, and finally coma and death after 12 to 24 hours.