The functions of supporting branches are: changing the growth polarity of branches through supporting branches, reducing the difference of the advantages at the top of branches, promoting the growth of lower buds (renewing and rejuvenating), promoting the uniform growth of new shoots, forming medium and short branches, which is beneficial to fruiting and preventing baldness at the lower part; After the main branches are opened at an angle, the tree crown can be enlarged, the illumination can be improved, and the space can be fully utilized; By adjusting the branch phase, it is beneficial to promote the healthy growth of trees, facilitate classified management, realize early fruit and early harvest, and correct plastic results.
In the specific operation, in order to promote early fruiting, high yield and sustained high quality of young trees, it is necessary to correctly adjust the branch structure of trees to adjust and promote the rational distribution of photosynthetic products. Generally, it is necessary to increase the angle of varieties with flourishing trees, flourishing branches and erect crowns; Especially for rootstock trees (including temporary auxiliary branches) which are easy to flourish, the branching angle is larger; However, for dwarf rootstocks, short-branched varieties or varieties with weak site conditions (such as dry land and thin land in mountainous areas), the opening angle should be smaller. According to the actual observation, young trees can bear fruit 2-3 years in advance, and big trees are easy to produce high quality. Especially by pulling branches, the light receiving conditions of fruit trees can be improved, which not only improves the fruit quality (high quality), but also helps to prevent the exposed inner chamber (or lower part) from moving outward.
2. Injury refers to the use of pruning tools to manually saw (or cut) the upper and lower growth points or primary epidermis of the treated branches to the essential parts of the branches, so as to hinder or slow down the transportation of nutrients and water up and down before the wound heals, thereby regulating growth, promoting growth or slowing down flowering. If this kind of injury is properly caused, its regulation or control function is very significant, and its function is:
It can artificially adjust the growth of branches in April (that is, restrain the strong and help the weak), which is conducive to balancing branches, especially the relationship between upper and lower trees; It can weaken growth and promote flower formation, and its mechanism is that the wound caused by ring carving can intercept photosynthetic products (including soluble sugar) to varying degrees, thus increasing the concentration of cell fluid in new shoot tissue to varying degrees, thus promoting and accelerating the process of flower bud differentiation. In addition, by sawing the lower parts of the main branches (such as three saws, etc. ), can increase the opening angle, inhibit the growth potential (vigorous branches), promote the results, and increase the utilization space of light energy.
3. Bud-breaking refers to cutting off or damaging the bud tip with branch scissors 1/3, which is called bud-breaking pruning, also called topping or bud buckling. The main functions and uses are as follows: When pruning young trees (especially trunk branches), in order to prevent competitive branches, especially those on the back, from disturbing the tree structure, in general, when pruning in winter, the second bud cut from the green trunk branch can sometimes be consciously deducted to stop its germination, thus opening the growth potential between the cut branch tip (that is, the extension branch) and the lower three bud branches, which is beneficial to the adjustment of the master-slave relationship. Especially, it is the most important and widely used in pruning the extension head of the central trunk with spindle, short anvil and short branch tree structure. In addition, the same method is often used when selecting branches with bud orientation-buckle the upper buds to force the lower buds to achieve concentrated nutrition and promote flourishing branches.
However, in order to control the vegetative growth of young flourishing trees and promote the transformation and germination to form short middle branches, the big leaf buds at the top of short middle branches without flowers are often broken. It can control uniaxial elongation growth (inhibit rotation), make the lower bud limit the germination of short branches, which is beneficial to the formation of flower buds. Or, in an annual tree with many flowers, in order to reduce the number of flower buds, a certain proportion of reserve branches are reserved, so that the branchlets bear fruit alternately and are updated in turn. Generally speaking, pruning of medium-long fruit branches and fruit branches with flower buds is also called exchanging flowers for flowers.
Pay attention to the topic
1, giving priority to light and simplifying pruning; Overall slow release, seasonal adjustment.
2, according to the tree, comprehensive improvement. Because winter pruning is a highly technical and flexible practical operation means. However, in order to truly master and use it freely, we must first fully understand the pruning physiology of fruit trees and correctly use the characteristics of apple branch phase law and branch bud heterogeneity; Then, combined with the site conditions, varieties, planting density, growth and cultivation management level of different orchards, flexible pruning methods are adopted to achieve correct pruning and reasonable adjustment.
3. Look for buds and trim them carefully. For annual trees that have entered the early stage of full fruit, it is necessary to prune branches year by year, which can not only increase the yield and promote the quality, but also adapt them to the tree potential and planned yield by controlling the reserve of flower buds. Its effect is more obvious than thinning flowers and fruits. In addition, because enough branches and buds are reserved, enough flower buds can be formed while bearing fruit, which plays an extremely important role in preventing and eliminating the phenomenon of "big and small years".