Potted fruit trees are the perfect combination of fruit gardening and bonsai art. In bedrooms and courtyards, apple bonsai is planted. In the spring of March, the young leaves are green and the color is light red. Summer is coming, the green leaves are shaded and the trees are swaying. In autumn, fruits are covered with branches. In winter, when snowflakes are flying, they should be trimmed, cultivated and fertilized. Put it on the balcony, in the yard, in front of the windowsill, along the corridor, enjoy flowers, green, fruit and taste for the first time. It is full of fun and pleasing to the eye all year round. Grafted seedlings generally bear fruit 2 ~ 3 years after planting, and each apple tree aged 4 ~ 5 years bears i0 ~ 15. Cultivation management techniques are as follows.
1 flowerpot selection and nutrient soil preparation
The most commonly used potted container is a clay pot, which is loose in texture, rough and simple in appearance, good in ventilation and drainage, conducive to root growth and low in cost. You can choose a soil basin with a diameter of 30 cm, a bottom diameter of 20 cm and a height of 30 cm, and a drainage hole. When preparing nutrient soil, local materials can be used: fertile garden soil 5 parts, screened coal cinder 2 parts, decomposed manure 2 parts, rotten sawdust and bone meal fermented fertilizer 1 part, then 10 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added, mixed evenly and screened. The pH value of nutrient soil should be controlled between 5.4 and 6.8. Cover the small holes in the bottom of the earthen basin with small tiles to make it ventilated without leaking soil.
2 Upper basin
Seedlings are best cultivated and planted by themselves. Grafted seedlings with strong plants, full buds and no pests and diseases were selected and potted in mid-March. When planting, soak the roots with 5-degree lime-sulfur mixture for disinfection, and cut off the necrotic roots. First, put a small amount of nutrient soil in the basin bottom and put in seedlings. Root system is evenly distributed, buried tightly, watered in time to ensure survival.
3 Fertilizer and water management
3. 1 fertilization
After the leaves fall in autumn, the topsoil in the basin should be taken out and replaced with newly prepared loose and fertile nutrient soil, and then watered and compacted. In early spring, nitrogen fertilizer was used as the main topdressing 1 time to promote germination, with an average of 4 ~ 5 g urea per pot, and timely irrigation after application. Spraying 0. 1% borax solution at flowering stage. Since May, liquid fertilizer has been topdressing every 10 d 1 time, with 200 times of liquid organic cake fertilizer as the main fertilizer, supplemented by 0.2% urea, diammonium, ammonium sulfate and other inorganic liquid fertilizers. After flowering, the fruit needs more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and the effect of topdressing liquid fertilizer on roots and leaves is better. Farmhouse manure is mainly applied to the roots, diluted 20 times with water soaked in fully fermented cake manure (bean cake, peanut cake), poured into a basin, and then poured with a small amount of water. At the same time, fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves, 0.2% urea solution is sprayed in the early stage, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed 2-3 times when the fruit begins to develop color in the later stage, so as to promote fruit ripening, branch enrichment and flower bud differentiation. When fertilizing potted fruit trees, remember to apply less fertilizer to prevent root burning, which is beneficial to absorption and reduce the loss of fertilizer solution.
3.2 watering
The irrigation frequency and interval of potted apple trees should depend on the season, climate and soil moisture. In hot summer, when the water evaporation is large, 1 d should be watered twice. In spring and autumn, water every 1 ~ 2 d/time according to the soil conditions in the basin. In general, the irrigation frequency in spring is more than that in autumn. You can use less or less irrigation in rainy season. If it rains continuously, you should drain it in time and move the bonsai to a shelter. Potted apples should be watered according to the principle of "watering thoroughly when dry", avoiding watering half water every day. Water should be replenished in time during germination, flowering and fruit expansion. In June, in order to promote flower bud differentiation, water should be properly controlled, and less water should be watered in the rainy season from July to August.
4 modeling points
4. 1 pruning method
After potted 1 ~ 2 years, attention should be paid to pulling branches and opening corners to make the trees ventilated and transparent, which is beneficial to the formation of flower buds and the early fruiting and high yield. When pruning, a large number of branches of 1 a are chopped to sprout axillary buds, forming a small crown tree with compact fruit. The first-bearing tree bears fruit through long, medium and short branches and terminal buds. After entering the fruiting stage, according to the strength of growth, 2 ~ 3 full buds can be left at the base for re-cutting. Long branches can be reduced to 2-year-old branches, so that small and medium-sized fruit branches in the crown are densely distributed. At the same time, the method of winding and pulling branches is adopted to inhibit the growth of trees and promote the development of new branches. The branches that were pulled up in the same year are cored, the trunk is strengthened, and then new branches are issued. By kinking, coring, cutting and girdling long and competitive branches, a large number of fruiting branches can be cultivated and flower buds can be promoted, so as to achieve the goal of early fruiting and multi-fruiting.
...& gt& gt
Question 2: How to shape potted fruit trees? There is no fixed routine for pruning. It is necessary to prune trees and shape them with branches.
Pruning of potted fruit trees can be carried out from 10 day after defoliation in autumn to half a month before germination in spring. The main purpose is to remove the vertical branches, over-dense branches, over-thin branches, cross branches, overlapping branches and back pests and diseases, so that the branches are scattered at the sight of light. It is necessary to determine the target tree according to the existing tree, and carry out appropriate shaping and pruning, which should be completed step by step as planned. We should pull more branches and cut less in the first few years, and then shrink them later.
Question 3: Do potted apple trees need pruning in winter? Mainly cut off the upright and vigorous branches, too dense branches, thin branches, pests and diseases branches, etc. On the back, open the branch corner. If the flowers are large, some buds should be removed to prevent excessive fruit.
Question 4: Is it also important to prune the bonsai of fruit trees? First, we should choose the heart. In order to inhibit the growth of tree bonsai and promote the development of lateral branches, we can remove the tender heads of its branches.
The second is to pick buds. When many adventitious buds grow on the stem base or stem of the tree bonsai, they should be picked at any time to avoid branching and affecting the beauty of the tree.
Third, we should pick leaves and watch the bonsai of foliage trees. The viewing period is often the germination period of new leaves. For example, new leaves such as mechanical trees and pomegranates are all red. By picking leaves, trees can grow new leaves several times a year, which is bright and pleasing to the eye and improves the ornamental effect.
Fourth, pruning, bonsai trees often grow many new branches. In order to maintain their beautiful shape, we must always pay attention to pruning, and the pruning method should be determined according to the tree shape. Dead branches, parallel branches, crossed branches, etc. , generally not beautiful, should be cut off in time.
Fifth, root cutting should be combined with root cutting when turning pots. If the root system is too dense and too long, it should be trimmed, which can be considered according to the following conditions. If the new roots of the trees are not well developed and the roots are not densely covered at the bottom of the clods, the pots can be turned over and the original pots can still be used without pruning the roots. For tree species with developed roots, if the fibrous roots are densely covered on the bottom of the clods, it is necessary to change the pots slightly, thin the dense roots, remove the old roots, and leave a few new roots to turn over the pots.
Question 5: Can potted apple trees be pruned in summer? Pruning can be done in summer. At this time, it is mainly to remove the vertical branches, over-dense branches, overlapping branches, weak branches and back pests and diseases, improve the illumination in the inner hall of the crown and promote the differentiation of flower buds. The pruning amount should not exceed 1/4.
Question 6: How to plant potted apple trees? You should open an apple first.
Question 7: When will the potted fig trees on the balcony prune the fruit trees? This is the best time to prune fruit trees.
Question 8: Cultivation techniques of potted fruit trees 1. The selection of containers for potted fruit trees meets the requirements of fruit tree growth, which is beautiful, firm and cheap. Large containers should be selected for large crown and many fruits; Small containers can be used for smaller trees. There should be drainage holes at the bottom of all kinds of containers, so as to discharge excess water in time and prevent accumulated water from rotting roots.
2. Preparation of Pot Soil Generally speaking, it is difficult for field soil to meet the requirements of pot soil, so it is necessary to rationally allocate pot soil. The commonly used potting soil formula is: ① garden soil 1 serving, decomposed organic fertilizer 1 serving, river sand 0.5-0.8, plant ash 0.2-0.5; ② 2 portions of garden soil, with decomposed organic fertilizer 1 portion; ③ Garden soil 1 share, decomposed organic fertilizer 1 share, decomposed sawdust (or slag) 1 share. After the pot soil is prepared, stir it evenly and finely, put it in a transparent plastic bag for a week to sterilize and turn it frequently.
3. Put 1~2cm thick broken slag, gravel or sand at the bottom of the seedling pot to facilitate drainage and ventilation. Then add a small amount of pot soil, put the fruit seedlings in the center of the pot, let the roots extend around, and try not to bend the roots. Slowly add the pot soil, constantly lift the root, cover the soil to the root neck, and gently compact it by hand, so that the soil is closely connected with the root, and the surface of the pot soil is smooth and permeable.
4. A few potted fruit trees with multiple fertilization have short roots, high root group density in unit soil, and great demand for fertilizer. Therefore, a small amount of fertilizer must be applied many times to turn solid fertilizer into liquid fertilizer to prevent improper root burning. In order to make the potted soil fertile, manure and manure should be applied. Pot soil should be added before potted plants to ensure the long-term supply of fruit trees. Top dressing with cake fertilizer, poultry manure and plant ash leaching solution, or watering after dilution with chemical fertilizer. Topdressing outside the roots should be carried out in the evening.
5. Water in time. The topsoil in the drainage basin is white and needs watering. Tap the edge of the basin, the sound is crisp, indicating that the soil is dry and needs watering. Watering should be thorough, and it is advisable to have water seeping from the drainage hole at the bottom of the basin, but too much watering is easy to cause nutrient loss. It is best to use drip irrigation or micro-drip irrigation when conditions permit. The soil is too wet, which is easy to cause root rot and needs drainage. Especially for fruit trees with aerobic roots, when the soil is too wet and dry, more attention should be paid to drainage.
6. Changing pot soil With the continuous growth of potted fruit trees, the crown volume increases and the root groups increase. The structure of the original basin soil is getting worse and the nutrition is insufficient, so it is necessary to change the soil or change the big basin. Combined with changing the soil or flowerpot, the roots are pruned and rejuvenated. Potted fruit trees are generally replaced every 2-4 years. Pot changing should be done at the end of dormancy in spring, before growth begins, or in early autumn.
7. Pruning According to the growth habits and ornamental requirements of fruit trees, the common tree shapes of potted fruit trees are single stem shape, fan shape, cluster shape, happy shape or vertical branch shape. By pruning, the growth of trees can be slowed down, the crown of trees can be controlled, the plants can be dwarfed, and the purpose of early fruiting and high yield can be achieved. Pruning methods in winter and summer can be adopted as appropriate for fruit trees in field.
8. The pollination and protection of potted fruit trees should be matched with the pollinated varieties and placed closely together when flowering to facilitate pollination. You can also collect exotic pollen for artificial pollination, or graft the branches of pollinated varieties to a single variety of fruit trees. A plant has two or more varieties.
The roots of potted fruit trees are frozen together with the pot soil in cold winter, which makes them vulnerable to freezing injury and even death. Before overwintering protection, water should be poured once. Potted plants have been planted for a long time, so we should bury the soil for the winter. That is, before frosting around the fallen leaves of fruit trees, the pots are buried in rows, and the edges of the pots are filled with broken grass or fallen leaves to facilitate ventilation in the pots. When there are few potted plants, the wall of the pot can be wrapped with grass or straw bags, and the outside can be wrapped with film for wintering.
Question 9: How to make potted fruit trees bear fruit early? 40-minute rapid fruiting grafting method for potted fruit trees;
Generally, the connection method can be used. This is suitable for grafting thinner rootstocks. After grafting, it should be bound with plastic strips (89 10, 20.00, 0.22%), and then all the ground parts should be covered with large plastic bags to keep the air humidity. Then put it in a greenhouse with a temperature of about 25. Management should be strengthened after potted fruit trees survive. It is necessary to remove the plastic bags covered on it, strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, and prevent and control pests and diseases. Artificial pollination should be carried out after flowering to improve the fruit setting rate. In addition, it is necessary to carry out processes such as shaping and winding branches to make the tree look beautiful. The root system of potted fruit trees can't expand, so as long as there are many fruits, small old trees can be formed, and the ornamental effect is good.
First, several situations that need to change the pot
1. Perennial plants grow in flowerpots. With the increase of tree age, the roots overlap and squeeze into pots, which affects the development of new roots and significantly weakens the ability to absorb nutrients. In order to change the above situation, it is necessary to change pots, strengthen fertilization management, and properly trim roots to make plants look brand-new and rejuvenate.
2. With the continuous growth of plants, the original flowerpot can no longer meet the requirements of plant growth, and the volume must be expanded to meet the absorption of nutrients by roots. At this point, you should change to a bigger basin.
3. After long-term absorption and utilization by plants, the original basin soil is short of mineral nutrients, which is easy to produce symptoms of element deficiency. When the physical properties of the soil in the basin deteriorate, the aeration becomes worse, which may lead to poor plant growth. In both cases, all the old soil in the basin should be replaced with new culture soil.
4. When the root system is found to have pests and diseases, the root system should be renovated, combined with disease prevention and pest control, and the pots should be changed.
Second, change the pot time.
Both spring and autumn are fine. Deciduous fruit trees are carried out in spring before the root system begins to grow for the first time, and evergreen fruit trees are generally carried out in rainy season. Autumn should be carried out after the autumn shoots of potted fruit trees stop growing and before the roots grow again.
Third, the pot changing method
Based on the principle of no root damage or less root damage, the specific operation method depends on the size of the basin.
When changing soil for a pot with a diameter of less than 40cm, first hold the base of the plant with your left hand, gently touch the wall of the cypress pot with your right hand, then slowly put down the pot, push the bottom tile of the small hole at the bottom of the pot with your thumb to separate the soil from the wall of the pot, then lift the pot, clamp the pot with your feet, and pull up the plant with both hands.
Question 10: What happened to my apple tree bonsai? It seems that there are more roots burned by fertilization.