1: stamping equipment The precision and rigidity of stamping equipment (such as press) have a great influence on the life of stamping die. The stamping equipment has high precision and good rigidity, and the life of stamping die is greatly improved. For example, the information of the stamping die for disordered silicon steel sheet is Crl2MoV. When it is used on an ordinary open press, the uniform regrinding life is 65,438+0-30,000 times, while when it is used on a new precision press, the regrinding life of the stamping die can reach 600-654,380+0.2 million times. Press with high precision and good rigidity should be selected for dies with small clearance or no clearance, cemented carbide dies and precision dies, otherwise the service life of gear reducer dies will be shortened and even the checkerboard will be damaged. 2. The accuracy of the die guide device in the design of the gear reducer (1) die. Accurate and reliable guidance has a great influence on reducing the wear of die parts and avoiding the biting of punch and die, especially for blanking die, compound die and multi-station progressive die with no gap and small gap. In order to improve the service life of the die, it is necessary to correctly select the guide mode and determine the precision of the guide arrangement according to the requirements of the process nature and the precision of the parts. Generally speaking, the accuracy of the guide device should be higher than the cooperation between the punch and the die. (2) Parameters of the cutting edge of the die (punch and die). The shape, fit clearance and fillet radius of punch and die have great influence not only on the forming of stamping parts, but also on the wear and life of the die. For example, the fit clearance of die directly affects the quality of blanking parts and the life of die. If the accuracy requirement is high, a smaller clearance value should be selected; On the contrary, the gap can be appropriately increased to improve the life of the die. 3. Stamping Skills (1) Original information of stamping parts. In actual production, the thickness of the original data of the external pressing parts is out of tolerance, the data function is shaken, and the appearance quality is poor (such as rust) or unclean (such as oil pollution), which will lead to the adverse consequences such as increased wear and tear of the working parts of the gear reducer die and easy edge collapse. Therefore, we should pay attention to: ① Try to choose raw materials with good stamping process to reduce stamping deformation force; (2) Before stamping, the trademark, thickness and appearance quality of the original materials should be strictly checked, and the original materials should be scrubbed clean, and external oxides and rust should be removed when necessary; (3) According to the stamping process and raw materials, softening treatment and appearance treatment can be arranged when necessary, and appropriate smooth grease and smooth process can be selected. (2) Layout and wrapping. Unreasonable reciprocating feeding layout and too small overlap value often lead to severe wear of female die or biting of male die and female die. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably select the layout method and overlap value according to the processing batch, quality requirements and mold fit clearance of the parts to improve the mold life. 4. Mold data The influence of mold data on mold life is an inductive reflection of data type, chemical composition, arrangement and layout, hardness and metallurgical quality. Die life of different raw materials is often different. Therefore, two basic requirements are put forward for the data of stamping die working parts: ① The application function of the data should have high hardness (58~64HRC), high strength, high wear resistance and satisfactory tolerance, small deformation during heat treatment and certain thermal hardness; ② Excellent skills and functions. In general, the manufacturing process of the working parts of stamping dies is rather chaotic, which requires adaptability to various machining skills, such as ductility, machinability, hardening ability, hardenability, quenching crack sensitivity, grinding machinability and so on. Generally, according to the data characteristics, production batch and precision requirements of stamping parts, the mold data with excellent functions are selected to coordinate their skills and economy. 5. The practice of hot working skills proves that the hot working quality of box mould has great influence on the function and service life of mould. From the analysis and calculation of the causes of die failure of gear reducer, it can be known that the "trouble" of die failure caused by improper heat treatment accounts for more than 40%. The quenching deformation and cracking of the working parts of the die and the early cracking during use are all related to the hot working skills of the die. (1) casting skills, which is an important link in the process of making mold parts. For the dies of high alloy tool steel, technical requirements are generally put forward for metallographic structures such as carbide dispersion. In addition, the scale of casting temperature should be strictly controlled, the correct heating standard should be formulated, the correct casting force method should be selected, and slow cooling or timely annealing should be carried out after forging. (2) Prepare for heat treatment. According to the different data and requirements of die working parts, the skills of preparing for heat treatment such as annealing, normalizing or tempering are selected to improve the arrangement, eliminate the shortcomings of slab arrangement and improve the processing skills. Through proper heat treatment, the high carbon alloy die steel can eliminate the network secondary cementite or chain carbide, spheroidize and refine the carbide, and promote the uniformity of carbide dispersion. This is beneficial to ensure the quenching and tempering quality and improve the service life of the die. (3) Quenching and tempering. This is the key link of mold heat treatment. If overheating occurs during quenching and heating, it will not only make the workpiece brittle, but also lead to deformation and cracking during cooling, which will seriously affect the service life of the die. When quenching and heating dies, special attention should be paid to avoid oxidation and decarbonization, and the technical standards of heat treatment should be strictly controlled. If conditions permit, vacuum heat treatment can be selected. Temper in time after quenching, and choose different tempering skills according to the skill requirements. (4) Stress relief annealing. The die parts after rough machining should be treated by stress relief annealing in order to eliminate the internal stress formed by rough machining and avoid excessive deformation and cracks caused by quenching. For dies with high precision requirements, it is necessary to carry out stress relief tempering after grinding or electrical machining, which is beneficial to stabilize the accuracy of dies and improve their service life. 6. The appearance quality and appearance quality of the working parts of the processing mold are closely related to the wear resistance, cracking resistance and adhesion resistance of the mold, which directly affects the service life of the mold. Especially, the surface roughness has a great influence on the service life of the die. If the surface roughness value is too large, stress will occur during operation, and cracks will simply occur between its peaks and valleys, which will affect the durability of the die and the corrosion resistance of the workpiece surface and directly affect the service life and accuracy of the die. Therefore, we should pay attention to the following matters: ① When processing die parts, we should avoid grinding the surface appearance of burned parts, and strictly control grinding skills and methods (such as grinding wheel hardness, grinding wheel hardness). ② Micro-defects such as knife marks, interlayers, cracks and bumps should be avoided during processing. The existence of these shortcomings will lead to stress concentration, become the source of cracks, and form the early failure of the mold; ③ Fine machining and precision machining such as grinding, grinding and polishing are selected to obtain smaller surface roughness and improve the service life of the die. 7. Surface strengthening treatment In order to improve the performance and service life of the die, the surface strengthening treatment of box die parts is more and more widely used. Common surface strengthening methods include liquid carbonitriding, ion nitriding, boronizing, vanadium nitriding and electric spark strengthening, as well as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD) and salt bath carburizing (TD) on the workpiece surface. In addition, high-frequency quenching, hydraulic pressure, shot peening and other surface strengthening treatments are selected to generate compressive stress on the surface of the working parts of the gear reduction motor mold, improve its fatigue strength, and help to improve the life of the mold. 8. WEDM is often used to control metamorphic layers. Due to the thermal effect and electrolytic effect of wire cutting, a metamorphic layer with a certain thickness is produced on the machined surface of the die, which leads to the decrease of hardness and microcracks. The die of WEDM is prone to early wear, which directly affects the durability and simple edge collapse of the die blanking gap and shortens the service life of the die. Therefore, a reasonable electric gauge should be selected during on-line cutting to minimize the depth of metamorphic layer. 9. Correct use and reasonable protection In order to ensure normal production, improve the quality of stamping parts, reduce costs and prolong the service life of stamping dies, we must correctly use and reasonably protect the dies, strictly implement the "three inspections" principle of stamping dies (pre-use inspection, in-use inspection and post-use inspection), and do a good job in the protection and maintenance of stamping dies. Its main work includes the correct installation and debugging of the mold; Strictly control the depth of the punch into the die; Control and proofread the extension of the bottom dead center of the upper die in the process of sawtooth, cold extrusion and shaping; Re-grinding and polishing the cutting edge of chess in time; Pay attention to the cleanliness and reasonable finish of the gear reducer mold. The correct use and reasonable protection of molds are of great significance to improve the life of molds. Label: Next: Where is the gear reducer suitable for use? The last item: the treatment method of reducer noise.