The air quality in China is deteriorating day by day. The monitoring data of PM2.5 in counties and cities from 20 13 to 20 15 by the Environmental Protection Bureau show that only Taitung in China meets the air quality standards, and other counties and cities are "occupied" as the third-level air quality control zone.
With the development of global industry and a large amount of exhaust gas emitted by vehicles, the air is full of suspended particles (PM 10, PM2.5, etc. ), ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and other pollutants. Air pollution is closely related to allergic rhinitis and other respiratory diseases. In particular, PM2.5, whose diameter is only 1/28, can penetrate air bubbles in the lungs and directly enter blood vessels, and the harm is even more alarming.
The number of patients with allergic rhinitis is increasing.
Look up at the sky. Is it blue sky and white clouds? Or is it foggy all day? In recent years, people in Taiwan Province Province often suffer from "smog", especially in winter, the cold air mass in Chinese mainland brings foreign pollutants, and PM2.5 often reaches the highest level of "purple explosion". Studies have shown that PM2.5 can induce allergy, which is related to cardiovascular diseases and lung cancer.
According to statistics, the prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis in China is 25%, and even the prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis among primary and middle school students in northern cities is 40% ~ 50%. When the air quality is poor, the number of people seeking medical treatment has obviously increased by 1 ~ 20%, and allergic rhinitis has become a "national disease".
Wang, the attending physician of the Department of Otolaryngology of Guotai Hospital, said that rhinitis can be divided into allergic rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis. Among them, allergic rhinitis refers to nasal mucosa inflammation caused by contact with allergens, and air pollution can be regarded as an allergen. After entering the nasal mucosa, it binds to the IgE antibody on the surface of mast cells in the nasal mucosa, causing mast cells to release a variety of inflammatory substances, causing nasal inflammation, sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose, nasal itching, nasal reflux and cough.
Patients with allergic rhinitis are also prone to "dark circles", so they are highly recognized when they see a doctor. When allergic, the "pterygoid nerve" that controls tears and runny nose is excited, which leads to imbalance in the secretion of tears and runny nose, itchy nose and eyes, poor venous blood return near the nasal cavity, and friction between patients with itchy eyes and nose, resulting in dark circles.
If allergic rhinitis is not treated, it may cause other nasal diseases.
Wang said that if allergic rhinitis is not paid attention to for a long time and is not treated correctly, it will probably lead to other nasal diseases or complications:
◆ Sinusitis
The so-called sinus refers to the cavity in the facial bone near the eye and nasopharyngeal cavity. Any inflammation, allergy, infection and swelling that causes obstruction of the sinus opening may lead to sinusitis. The most typical symptom of patients with sinusitis is "yellow nose", which is manifested as bacterial infection. If the occurrence time does not exceed 1 month, 90% of patients can be cured by taking antibiotics, clearing nose and washing nose. If we continue to ignore the treatment and delay it to 1 ~ 3 months, the drug effect will not be good. If we delay it again, we will have to operate, open the sinus ostium with an endoscope and drain the blocked nose.
Pieces of nasal polyps
Nasal polyps are connective tissues that proliferate on the upper epidermis of nasal cavity due to edema and protrusion of nasal mucosa. If you have sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, nose injury or infection, or the nerve tissue in the nasal cavity is too sensitive to temperature changes, you may develop nasal polyps and cause nasal congestion.
Most nasal polyps will grow in the paranasal sinuses. In the initial stage, they are very small, shaped like translucent spheres and will slide in the nasal cavity. Some people confuse nasal polyps with Lower turbinate hypertrophy. In fact, careful observation can clearly distinguish them. When nasal polyps grow up, some can be seen and touched in the front nostril, while others will slide down from the back nostril to the throat cavity, resulting in poor breathing of patients.
◆ Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis is caused by swelling and hypertrophy of inferior turbinate mucosa. Patients will have symptoms such as nasal congestion, nasal congestion, mouth breathing, poor sleep and headache. Without treatment, tissue fibrosis may lead to irreversible damage, which is more difficult to treat.
Besides air pollution, what are the allergens of allergic rhinitis?
In addition to air pollution as an allergen, allergens of allergic rhinitis also include the following. You need to observe whether you are allergic to specific substances and take preventive measures.
◆ Dust: It is easy to hide in the corner of the house and neglect cleaning.
◆ Dust mites: easy to hide in bedding or carpet.
◆ Cat and dog hair.
◆ cockroaches.
◆ mold.
◆ Excessive temperature or humidity change.
◆ Smoke burns incense and worships God.
◆ Second-hand tobacco.
◆ Special smell or specific food. For example, some people are allergic to perfume, some people feel uncomfortable with a certain taste, and some people eat eggs to induce systemic allergies.