The choice of soil is very important for the growth and development of rhododendron. There are many ways to mix cultivated soil for planting rhododendron, which varies with cultivated varieties, but the following conditions must be met: looseness, smooth drainage, good ventilation, rich acid soil and humus, and sufficient base fertilizer. Rhododendron usually grows vigorously in acidic loam. If it lives in alkaline soil, it will soon die of yellow leaf failure. Rhododendron is considered as an indicator plant of acidic soil. Generally speaking, humus soil belongs to acidic soil, and pine humus soil is the best, which is an ideal culture soil for planting rhododendrons. You can dig under the pine and cypress forests in mountainous areas, or you can plant a variety of pines and cypresses in the courtyard and borrow soil underground. Before use, add appropriate amount of sulfur powder and alum to improve its acidity before use. The soil with high humus content is most suitable for the growth of rhododendron. There are many humus, which can replenish nutrients in the soil in time, improve the soil structure, and make the soil retain water, fertilizer, ventilation, heat absorption and heat preservation. It can also reduce the harm of toxic substances in the soil and promote the root system of rhododendron to spread everywhere.
What should I pay attention to when turning over azaleas?
Rhododendron cuttings should be put in flowerpots to survive. Pottery pots with good air permeability are the best, followed by purple sand pots, glazed pots and porcelain pots are the worst. Pay attention to the size of the flowerpot when serving, and avoid using large pots for small seedlings. If the pot is too big, the soil won't last long, the ventilation is not good, and the roots can't easily reach the pot wall, which will affect the development of seedlings. Generally, cutting seedlings can choose a pottery pot with a diameter of 10 cm, and then turn it into a flowerpot with a diameter of 15 cm after one year. Pay attention to the drainage layer when putting the basin. Cover the drain hole with ceramic tile first, then put in 1/3 coarse soil particles and add a little fine soil. Then put the rhododendron seedlings in, straighten the seedlings with one hand and put them in pots with the other. Pay attention to fill the soil only 2 cm below the mouth of the basin, and don't fill it too full for later watering. Finally, tamp the periphery of the basin and shake the flowerpot to make the basin surface smooth. After planting, water it once with a watering can. Be sure to pour when boiling water until water seeps from the bottom of the basin. If watering is not thorough, only grasping the decayed layer and not wetting the inner layer will dry up the potted flowers.
There are two situations in which cuckoo turns over the pot. First, the seedlings grow up and the roots are full of pot soil, so it is necessary to expand the extension of root health. Usually, pay attention to whether the drainage holes at the bottom of the basin have roots sticking out. If there is, turn the pot upside down and turn the plants from a small pot into a big pot. Second, after potted flowers grow for 2-3 years, the contents of potted soil are exhausted. In order to supplement nutrients and improve soil, potted soil should be replaced.
Rhododendron flowerpots are generally turned over after climbing flowers in autumn or before pregnancy. When turning over the basin, remove some soil and pay attention to pruning the roots with sharp scissors. Old roots refer to those roots that are blackened and withered due to poor growth. However, it should be noted that when the seedlings turn over the pots, the roots cannot be trimmed. When turning over the pot, you should pay attention to the soil ball at the root. After putting the pot away, you should also pay attention to watering it thoroughly for the first time and let it dry thoroughly in the next few days. If it is too wet, the root incision will rot. Generally, only when new roots grow can normal irrigation be carried out. If you turn over the pot in autumn, it is best to turn it over in June of 5438+ 10. Although azaleas like to be cool, they should keep warm after turning over the pots in winter. If there is no shed, you can set up a shed in a ventilated place facing south to the sun, covered with plastic film, and spend the winter safely. Generally, the seedlings of Rhododendron in long pots turn once a year, and the big rhododendron turns every 2-3 years 1 time.
How to water azaleas?
Watering azaleas is a very important job. Because the root system of Rhododendron is weak, it is resistant to waterlogging and drought. Too dry or too wet is not good for plant growth, so special attention should be paid to controlling water quantity. If there is a lack of water during leaf development, the leaves of rhododendron will turn yellow and curly, and they will die if they are not well dried. If there is no water when flowering, the petals will be soft and shriveled, the flowers will droop, the colors will not be bright, and even wither and die. Therefore, water should be watered according to the weather, rain, dry and wet air, water content of basin soil, etc.
Watering time should be in the morning and evening, especially in hot summer, not at noon. Because the roots are stimulated by cold water, the flowers will be hurt. The principle of watering is not to dry, to water thoroughly, and not to water half. Spring and autumn are the growth, flowering and budding periods of Rhododendron, so the water supply should be appropriate, but don't pour too much water during flowering, which will make the flowers wither early. Generally, water 1 time every 2-3 days in spring and autumn. In summer, new branches sprout and grow vigorously, consuming a lot of water. In addition, the temperature is high and the air is dry, so it needs to be watered 1-2 times a day. If it doesn't rain for a few days and the air is dry, you should spray water on flowers and leaves with a fine-eye watering can, and also spray some on the ground around the flowerpot to increase the air humidity. In case of yellow plum days or rainy days, stop watering and drain the accumulated water in the basin in time. Although the temperature drops in autumn, the air is dry and the evaporation is still very large, so it is necessary to water the basin soil frequently to keep it moist. When flower buds differentiate, it is necessary to properly control the amount of water to promote the formation of flower buds. After 10 months, the watering amount should be reduced as appropriate, the water content of branches is low, and the plant tissue is fully developed, which can increase the cold resistance. At this time, keep the basin soil slightly moist.
How to treat the water quality when watering azaleas?
Water azaleas, pay special attention to water quality. It is best to use natural rainwater as water, because natural rainwater does not contain impurities such as drugs and bleaching powder. Followed by river water and pond water, and tap water again. Tap water is purified soft water, which contains chemicals such as bleach, liquid chlorine and alum. If this water is used for a long time, the alkalinity in the basin soil will gradually increase, which is not conducive to the growth of azaleas. Therefore, the water quality must be treated before use. The treatment method is acidification. Water that is neutral or alkaline to water quality should be prepared into acidic water. The usual method is to acidify water with ferrous sulfate (copperas) and vinegar. If the water quality is too alkaline, ferrous sulfate and vinegar can be used together, and the specific dosage can be prepared according to the pH measurement of water, ferrous sulfate and vinegar. The simple method is to irrigate for a long time with an aqueous solution containing 0. 1%-0.5% ferrous sulfate, or sprinkle a little ferrous sulfate on the basin surface for 10- 15 days. You can also pour an aqueous solution containing 0.5%- 1% vinegar every15 days. You can also use tap water and well water that has been dried. Drying water can reduce the harm of harmful ions in tap water; It can also improve the water temperature of well water and eliminate the temperature difference between water and basin soil, which is beneficial to root absorption. When tap water is used, 0. 15% ferrous sulfate should also be added. When watering, it is more advantageous if it can be watered in turn with the decomposed fertilizer solution. Because the use of these two kinds of water together can keep the acidity of the basin soil and supply certain nutrients, which is suitable for the growth of azaleas.
How should azalea be fertilized?
Rhododendron is a flower that doesn't need big chemical fertilizer. If the fertilizer is applied too much or too thick, it is not good for its growth. But this does not mean not to fertilize, but to let it bloom a lot, or to apply some fertilizer at the right time. Therefore, flower cultivation experts summed up eight words of fertilization experience: "less dry fertilizer, dilute liquid fertilizer." This is very suitable and worthy of reference for flower growers. Generally speaking, 1. Two-year-old seedlings don't need fertilization, because humus soil contains enough fertility to meet the needs of seedling growth and development. For 2-3-year-old plants, pancake fertilizer or alum fertilizer can be applied every 10- 15 days from late spring or hot summer. For plants over 4 years old, about 20 grams of dry cake fertilizer can be applied in spring and autumn every year. In mid-June, available phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be applied once to promote flower bud differentiation. Fertilization can be stopped after June. After the flowers wither and the new branches grow, liquid fertilizer with a slightly higher concentration can be applied once, but it must not be applied too thick, let alone raw fertilizer, otherwise the root system will be damaged. In summer, excessive fertilization will make the old leaves fall off and the new leaves turn yellow. It is particularly noteworthy that the deviation of azaleas planted at home is not a lack of fertilizer, but an injury caused by excessive fertilization. If the leaves turn yellow due to excessive fertilization, immediately stop fertilization, dig out dry fertilizer, water more, and wash away the fertilizer in the accumulated soil. After watering, move to a ventilated place for maintenance, and some need to be washed twice. This will gradually grow normally after half a year.
If there is no abnormality in summer, azaleas will start their second vigorous growth period after beginning of autumn. In this short period of time, it is possible to supply 1-2 times diluted phosphate fertilizer solution to meet the needs of plant growth and bud pregnancy. After each fertilization, water is poured every two days, and the soil is loosened once, so that the basin soil is fully ventilated. After winter, as the weather gets cold and plants stop growing, fertilization should be stopped immediately. If you don't stop fertilizing and let plants grow tender leaves, it will make it difficult for rhododendrons to overwinter, so don't be careless.
How to trim and reshape azaleas?
Rhododendron has a strong ability of germination and regeneration. Every 1-2 years, after the flowers wither, it is necessary to change a flowerpot that is larger than the original one and put on new culture soil. Experienced florists often combine pruning and shaping when changing pots, and consciously prune a beautiful tree. When cutting sulfur, close branches, cross branches, twigs, drooping branches, creeping branches and insect branches should be cut off, which is not only for the beauty of the tree, but also for improving ventilation and light transmission conditions; Save nutrients, make the main branches strong, so as to sprout new buds as soon as possible, so as to achieve the goal of more flowers, bigger flowers and brighter colors in the coming year.
After azaleas are in full bloom, their residual flowers often last for a long time and consume a lot of nutrients. In order to prevent nutrients from being consumed in vain, the residual flowers should be picked in time to supplement nutrients for the needs of new germination technology. Besides, Xia Juan, who has a shorter plant, has many branches. Every spring, many branchlets will grow on the branches of the roots. In order to concentrate nutrients on the main branches and flowers and make them grow faster and bigger, these branchlets should also be cut off in time. If there are too many flowers, remove all the branches except each branch with a length of 1. What kind of trees to prune can be decided according to your own preferences, such as umbrella, circle, semicircle, pagoda, square and so on. You can choose at will and then trim it deliberately.
How do azaleas propagate by cutting?
Rhododendron can be propagated by cutting, grafting, layering, dividing plants, sowing and other methods, among which cutting is the most commonly used method with the largest reproduction; The layering seedling is the fastest and the grafting propagation is the most complicated. Only varieties that are difficult to survive by cutting are grafted, and cultivated varieties are mainly used for sowing.
Cutting propagation, it is best to use a new shallow pottery jar with a diameter of 20 cm, because it is breathable and easy to take root. The substrate can be cultivated soil mixed with 20% humus garden soil, 40% horse manure chips and 40% river sand. Cutting time is best in spring (May) and autumn (65438+1October), when the temperature is between 20-25℃, which is most suitable for cutting. When cutting, select the semi-lignified and robust branches of the year as cuttings and press the knife with the daughter-in-law. Cut 6- 10 cm from the node, and the incision should be smooth and tidy. Cut off the lower leaves, leaving only 3-4 leaflets at the top. Buy 1 Vitamin B for injection12. After unsealing, soak the strips in the medicinal liquid, take them out and dry them for a while before cutting. Before cutting, the soil in the pot should be sprayed with a watering can the day before, but not too much. The next day was just wet, which was most suitable for cutting. The insertion depth is 3-4 cm. When inserting, first leave a hole in the soil with chopsticks, then insert the cuttings, compact them by hand, let the pot soil fully contact with the cuttings, and then water them again. After inserting, it is best to cover the flowerpot with a plastic bag, tie the bag mouth tightly with a belt, open it when watering is needed, and tie it tightly after watering. The cut flowerpot should be placed in direct sunlight, and the cut flowerpot soil should be sprayed with water for 65,438+00 days every day, except in rainy days, 65,438+0 times in cloudy days and twice in dry climate, but the amount of water sprayed should not be too much every day. After 10, be sure to keep the soil moist. Shade it for 4-5 weeks and let it gradually receive some sunshine until it germinates. It usually takes about 2 months to take root. After that, it only needs to be shaded for 2-3 hours at noon, and the rest of the time can be exposed to light, so that it can make its own nutrients in its photosynthesis.