1. The preposition De can connect two nouns; and can be condensed with the definite articles Le and les to form du and des;

1. Indicates a relationship of ownership, equivalent to Of in English. Or the possessive case of a noun;

La porte du burea (the door of the office);

Le sac de ma s?ur (my sister's bag);

2. It has the function of modification. The noun after de does not need an article; in English, it is often expressed by adjectives:

un manul de fran?ais (a French textbook)

un h?tel de province (a provincial hotel)

3. Expressing coming from a certain place

Venir de Shanghai

2. In negative sentences, the preposition de replaces the direct object The indefinite article or part of the article before it

Je n'ai pas de stylo I don't have a pen.

Ne bois pas d'eau froide Don't drink cold water.

A-t-il un vélo? ——Non,il n'a pas de vélo

　Avez-vous des s?urs? ——Non,je n'ai pas de s?urs

三.De connection Direct object and its predicate:

Il me trainta d'excellence. He actually called me Your Excellency

.The law calls premeditated murder murder.

IV. Connecting the formal subject and the substantive subject:

Il vous convient de travailler chez France

Télécim. It would be better for you to work at "France Telegraph".

5.de In narrative articles, de expresses the rapid progress of actions, increases the lively atmosphere, and connects the historical (or narrative) verb infinitive with its subject:

Aussit The enemy immediately fled in all directions and threw away their weapons.

6. de is used in demonstrative pronouns ceci, cela, ce, interrogative pronouns qui, que, quoi, and generally refers to pronouns personne. Pas un,

rien, quelqu'un, quelque, chose, choose, autre

chose, after grand-chose, used to connect adjectives, participles or adverbs that modify the above parts of speech;

rien de plus simple

Are you looking at someone else?

There is nothing more about Rien de plus.

No one is rejected.

VII. de introduces the infinitive of the verb, placed at the beginning of the sentence, as the subject or object

D'étre téte à leur table les

dérida, (M .prévost) sat with their heads on the table, which made them very happy.

　I have never thought about harming other people's happiness.

8.de is after étre, guiding the infinitive of the verb as a predicate:

L'une des priorités de l'école du xx siècle est de garantir

Note: When the substantive subject is the infinitive of the verb, de cannot be added before the infinitive predicate

vouloir, c'est pouvoir Where there is a will, there is a way

< p>　Viver,c'est combattre Life is combat

　9. De is used with the conjugated verb venir to form the recent past tense (le passé immédiat)

Il y a longtemps que tu es là?——non, je viens d'arriver

Have you been here for a long time? ——Not long ago, I just arrived

,trouver,se

After the object or predicate such as trouver, it is sometimes used to introduce an adjective or past participle to modify it to highlight the status of the adjective or past participle. This usage of De often appears after words with a quantitative concept:

Ll y a trois soldats (de) blessés. There are 3 wounded soldiers.

Nous avons trois jours (de) libres. We have 3 days free.

Note: 1) The past participle of the adjective after De must be consistent with the gender and number of the noun it modifies.

2) It is optional to use de in the above sentence

3) When there is an adverb en in the sentence, de must be added before the adjective or participle

There are two pieces of cassés

4) When two ne_____ques are used together, de cannot be omitted:

il n'y avait que le vieux caissier Sigismond de véritablement< /p>

Inquiet Only the old cashier Naxi Jisimeng was really uneasy

Eleven. Introducing adjective complement

pierre a été facile à convaincre: il était déjà d'accord en

arrivant Pierre was easily persuaded: he agreed as soon as he arrived

> Grosse orange,montre très vite vers le zénith

At the end of the path, the sun is like a big orange, rising rapidly to the sky

12. Guiding adverb complement

p>

　Il faut beau, contrairement aux prévisions. Contrary to the forecast, the weather is fine

　13. Indirect objects that guide indirect transitive verbs

nuire à la réputation de qn damage someone's reputation

se souvenir de qn think of someone

Fourteen. The complement that introduces the gerund

　le recours à la force resorts to force

　l'amour de la patrie loves the motherland.

15. Summary of some other scattered usages:

1. The indefinite article des before plural adjectives is generally changed to de:

For example, des cartes postales/de jolies cartes cartes postales

2.de means portion, and the following noun does not need an article. There is the same expression in English:

For example, une tasse de café (a cup of coffee)

3. When plus de is followed by a cardinal numeral, it is equivalent to more than in English,

For example: Il habite à plus de deux kiloètres de la gare

< p>　4. de and en are used together, which can mean gradualness or increase, another example:

　de porte en porte, de jour en jour

　5. The general pronoun chacun can be guided by de Complements, yin and masculine should be consistent with the complement, which is equivalent to each of in English. For example: j'ai relu chacune de ces le?ons.

6.les abords de \aux abords de around...

For example: les abords du lac sont très beaux