Chinese name: Ji Kang
Nationality: Wei
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Birthplace: Luoxian County and proper fruit County (now Suzhou, Anhui Province)
Date of birth: AD 223.
Date of death: AD 262.
Main achievements: Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest
Representative works: Guangling powder and health preservation theory.
Word: Uncle Ye
1, character introduction
Guangling was a writer, thinker and musician when he was scattered in the Three Kingdoms at the end of Wei Dynasty. One of the representatives of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties, Qiao Jun County [1], was good-natured. His works include Changqing, Short Qing, Long Side, Short Side, etc., which are collectively called "Four Seasons" and "Nine Roads" with the five roads of Cai in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Yang Di once regarded "nine farmers" as one of the conditions for selecting scholars in the imperial examination. The story of "The Sound of Guangling" he left behind was passed down as a much-told story by later generations, and Guangling III became one of the top ten guqin songs in China. His works such as Sound Without Sorrow, Breaking Up with Mountain Home, Fu Qin, and Health Preservation are also masterpieces handed down from generation to generation.
[Edit this paragraph] Reference 2. Textual research on the year of death
Ji Kang's tomb "Biography of the Three Kingdoms Shu Wei Wang Weier Liu Fu" said: "At that time, there was a Qiaoxian county Ji Kang, whose words were magnificent and full of praise for Laozi and Zhuangzi, but he was still curious about Ren Xia. Go and sit in Jingyuan. " According to the four years of Emperor Jing of Wei Yuan (260-263) and the Biography of Ji Kang in the Book of Jin, Kang was forty years old when he was sentenced, so Zi and Jian set the time in Jingyuan for three years, that is, 262 years, and Ji Kang's birth and death in literary history was 223-262 years, which should be determined accordingly. Regarding the time when Ji Kang was executed, Pei Songzhi also saw different records when he annotated the History of the Three Kingdoms. For example, Ganbao, Chishi and others were all executed in the second year (255) of Gongyou Yuan in Guigui Township, Wei. Pei thought their records were wrong, so he made a special textual research. In addition, "Shi Shuo Dan" says: Ruan Ji, Ji Kang and Hanoi all have a year ratio, but Kang is the smallest. Mr. Xu Zhen's Annotation of Shi Shuo Xin Yu said: "According to the Biography of Ruan Ji in the Book of Jin, he died four years ago from Wang Huanjing Yuan, at the age of 54, and was born in the 14th year of Jian 'an, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty. "The Biography of Dan Tao said that he died in Jin Taikang for four years at the age of seventy-nine, but he was born in Jian 'an for ten years, and was born in Ruan Ji at the age of four. Ji Kang Biography died at the age of forty, not to mention the year of his death. Mirror Mirror was written in Jingyuan for three years, but it was born in Huang Chu, Wei Wendi for four years, with 18-year-old Dan Tao and 14-year-old Ruan. According to Tong Jian, Ji Kang's deeds were mainly based on the Book of Jin, but he also made use of the History of the Three Kingdoms, so he copied a passage from Ji Kang, Qiaocheng County, to Ren Xia, Shang Qi, and Yun Kang Jingyuan in The History of the Three Kingdoms took this as Jingyuan. The story of Ji Kang in the Book of Jin and the date of birth and death of Mr. Xu's examination of Ji Kang did not use the materials in the History of the Three Kingdoms, so they were lost. Mr. Zhuang Wanshou thinks that Ji Kang's death year should be four years in Jingyuan. Even though Jingyuan will serve as the general of Zhenxi for three years, it is still possible to concurrently serve as the commander, and the attack on Shu really began in Jingyuan for four years, so the lower limit of Ji Kang's murder is entirely possible in Jingyuan for four years. According to the clue of "breaking up with Shan Juyuan", Dan Tao Yu Jingyuan was dismissed by the official department for two years, and the "breakup letter" said "I came back from Hedong the year before last, and I heard that ...", so the breakup letter was considered as Yu Jingyuan for three years. Dear John said that Ji Shao was "eight years old", and Jin Shu included Ji Shao's "ten years old and lonely". If we stick to Jingyuan's four-year theory, Ji Kang will be killed for more than a year, which can completely meet this time difference. If we stick to Jingyuan for three years, Ji Shao's age error will be great.
[Edit this paragraph] 3. Life and achievements
Ji Kang, one of the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", was born in Luoxian County [1]. During the Three Kingdoms period, a famous writer, thinker and musician at the end of Wei Dynasty was one of the representatives of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Ji Kang lost his father when he was a child and married the owner of Changle Pavilion when he was an adult (a granddaughter of Cao Cao and a daughter of Wang Pei Cao Lin; One said that he was Cao Cao's great granddaughter and Cao Lin's granddaughter) to be his wife, a doctor and a doctor. Ji Kang doesn't like being an official. He usually takes pleasure in striking iron. General Si Mazhao wants to employ him as his official. Ji Kang insisted on his ambition and didn't want to be an official, so he left home and fled to Hedong. Zhong Hui, the captain of Li Si School, wants to make friends with Ji Kang, dress lightly and use his wealth to lead the crowd away. Ji Kang and Xiang Embroidery forged iron in the shade, ignoring Zhong Hui. After waiting for a long time and no reply, Zhong was ready to leave. Ji Kang asked, "What did you listen to?" Zhong Hui replied, "I heard it, saw it and left." From then on, a feud was formed. In the second year of Jingyuan, Dan Tao, who was also the seven sages of the bamboo forest, was transferred to the official department by the general, and Ji Kang was recommended to take his place. Ji Kang therefore wrote the famous "Breaking Up with Shan Juyuan" to show his heart. Ji Kang was originally friends with Lu Xun and Lu An in Dongping. Lu An's wife was raped by her brother Lu Xun. Lu An was originally prepared to divorce her and sue Lu Xun. Lu Xun asked Ji Kang to persuade him and swore that the wicked would complain first, so Ji Kang persuaded Lu Anping to stop the matter. But later, Lu Xun was afraid that Lu An would go back on his word, so he first sued Lu An for being unfilial. Ji Kangyi was ungrateful, wrote a letter to break up with Lu Xun, and came forward to testify for Lu An, so he was also taken into custody. Zhong Hui suggested that Si Mazhao take this opportunity to get rid of Ji Kang. Ji Kang, a mural of the Jin Dynasty tomb, was imprisoned, which immediately aroused public dissatisfaction. Many heroes asked to go to prison with Ji Kang. After being dismissed by the company, everyone was dismissed for a while, but in the end Ji Kang and Lu An were sentenced to death. On the day of the execution, 3,000 students from the Imperial College collectively wrote to Ji Kang for pardon and asked Ji Kang to come to the Imperial College as a teacher. These demands were not agreed. Before the execution, Ji Kang looked as usual. He looked at the shadow of the sun, and there was still some time before the execution, so he asked his brother for his usual piano and played a song "Guangling San" on the execution ground. At the end of the song, Ji Kang put down the piano and sighed, "Yuan Xiaoni learned Guangling San from me. Every time she learned it, Guangling San is now unique!" Say that finish, Ji Kang relaxed, forty years old. Ji Kang is proficient in melody, especially fond of playing the piano, and has written music theory works "Fu Qin" and "On Sound without Sorrow". He advocates that the essence of sound is "harmony" and harmony with heaven and earth is the highest realm of music. He believes that emotions are not musical feelings in essence, but human feelings. Ji Kang wrote "The Wind Into the Pine", and it is said that Ji Kang also wrote "Lonely Family Meeting God". He also wrote four songs, Long Qing, Short Qing, Long Bian and Short Bian, which are collectively called Si Nong of Ji and Jiu Nong together with Cai Wu Nong of Cai Yong, and are a famous group of piano music in ancient China. Yang Di once regarded playing "Nine Farmers" as one of the conditions for selecting scholars in the imperial examination. Ji Kang is good at calligraphy. His works are cursive. The Record of Fa Shu Yao written by Zhang Yanyuan in Tang Dynasty is the second cursive script. Also good at Danqing, Zhang Tangyan Garden's Records of Famous Paintings of Past Dynasties contains Ji Kang's "Ear Washing in the Nest" and "Lion Shooting", which have been handed down from generation to generation. Unfortunately, it's all lost now.
[Edit this paragraph] 4. Appearance and demeanor
Qi Jikang's demeanor is extraordinary, which is a symbol of the world. History: ● Ji Kang is seven feet eight inches long and has a special charm. Seeing this scene, the audience sighed, "Su, hearty or cloud:" Su Su is like a scattered wind, high and Xu Yin. " Gong Shan said, "Uncle Ji is alone at night. If he is alone, he will be alone." He is drunk, and if Russia is like Yushan, it will collapse. "("Shi Shuo Xin Yu Rong Zhi ") Some people say that Wang Rong:" Ji Yanzu is as outstanding as a wild crane in a flock of chickens. Answer: "You haven't seen his father's ears." "(Shi Shuo Xin Yu Rong Zhi) ● Kang Zao is lonely, talented and far away from the group. He is seven feet eight inches long, with beautiful writing and graceful demeanor, while civil engineering is a mess and he doesn't decorate himself. People think dragons are elegant and natural. (Biography of Jin Shu Ji Kang) ● Kang tasted a hundred herbs and traveled to the mountains. He could have been proud, but suddenly he forgot. When firewood meets Su, salt is called God. (Biography of Jin Shu Ji Kang) ● Kang is seven feet eight inches long, handsome and unadorned, while the dragon is natural and graceful. When you are in a group, you know what is extraordinary. (Shi Shuo Xin Yu Rong Zhi is quoted from Kang Biezhuan) ● Kangmei has a good tone and looks good. In other words, Ji Kang is tall (Wei Chi has no clear conversion standard, and the conversion contract between Han Chi and Jin Chi is181.74 ~196438+0.6638). Although I don't deliberately dress myself up, I can reveal the beauty of nature through my detachment.
[Edit this paragraph] 5. literary work
Ji Kang's literary creation is mainly poetry and prose. There are more than fifty of his poems, of which four-character poems account for more than half. Ji Kang's book "Economic History of Sui Shu" records 13 and 15 volumes. The original collection in the Song Dynasty was lost, and only 10 volume was left. The number of volumes in Ming Dynasty is the same as that in Song Dynasty, but the number of articles is reduced. Common Ming editions include San Ji in Jizhong by Wang Shixian (included in 20 masterpieces of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties) and San Ji in Jizhong by Zhang Pu (included in 103 collections of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties). 1924 compilation of Lu Xun, 1938 income "Complete Works of Lu Xun" Volume 9. Ji, proofread by Dai, published by People's Literature Publishing House, 1962. In addition to proofreading and annotation, this book also collects stories and critical materials about Ji Kang. Ji Kang offended too many villains, especially Zhong Hui. He seized this opportunity to get back at Ji Kang and urged Si Mazhao to kill him. Since then, Guangling has disappeared.
6. Ji Kang's way of keeping in good health: the more famous, the more natural.
Ji Kang was a litterateur in Wei and Jin Dynasties. He also advocated Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, and emphasized the way of keeping in good health and eating. Although he lived only 40 years old for political reasons (killed by Si Mazhao regime), he still occupies an extremely important position in the history of Baijiayan health care in Yuntai Mountain, China. He inherited Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi's idea of keeping in good health and gained a lot of experience in practice. His health preserving theory is the first comprehensive and systematic health preserving monograph in the history of health preserving in China. Later generations such as Tao Hongjing and Sun Simiao. All of them were learned from his idea of keeping in good health. In the ten volumes of Ji, each chapter contains the theory of health preservation, and puts forward the concept of "the more famous, the more natural". Health preservation flourished in Wei and Jin dynasties, but there were two opposing ideas in society: one thought that monasticism could lead to immortality; The second is that "life and death are all decided by heaven, and half of them are not decided by people." In view of this phenomenon, Ji Kang pointed out that immortals are impossible. If they are properly cultivated, they can settle down, and Peng Zu's theory can be achieved. In his important book "On Health Preservation", he took the guidance and cultivation as the general argument, and brilliantly expounded the following issues: First, he proposed that both form and spirit should be combined, with the focus on mental cultivation. He cited several examples to illustrate the powerful role of spirit in the human body, pointing out that "from this point of view, spirit is to bones, and Judah has a monarch." Chinese medicine also believes that people are God-oriented, and the death of God means the death of form. Ji Kang grasped the root of health preservation here. Second, it is pointed out that health care should pay attention to one benefit, be cautious about one harm, and carry out it in an all-round way. Ji Kang believes that everything in the world has different maintenance and different life spans. Don't do it because you are young, don't do it because you are too young, take precautions for a long time, take precautions early, and actively strive for longevity. Third, it is pointed out that if you don't pay attention to your health, indulge in debauchery, drown your interest and have too many emotions, you will easily die. "The husband is a physical person, and the attacker is not a smearer; It's easy to get tired, but it's not a stone. How long can it last? " Fourthly, Ji Kang also warned medical staff to have confidence and perseverance, otherwise it will not be easy to have an effect. We should also follow the example of good health-preserving people, actively absorb good health-preserving methods, be abstinent, maintain a true mentality, "steam Ganoderma lucidum, moisten the ritual spring, take the sunrise and slow down the five chords", so as to "live longer than envy immortals and compete with Wang Qiao for the coming year". It can be seen that Ji Kang has done a lot of research on health preservation. He has practiced it himself. His friend said, "I have lived comfortably for 20 years, but I have never seen his joy." His own theory was almost done, but he committed the taboo of "forgetting outside the house" and was finally framed and killed, which is regrettable.
[Edit this paragraph ]7. history
"The Book of Jin Ji Kang Biography" Ji Kang word uncle night, qiaocheng country Luo people also. His name is Xi, and he will learn from Shangyu people how to avoid resentment and migration. There is a Lushan mountain, and the home is beside it, so it is fate. Brother Xi has contemporary talents, such as Taifu Li and Zong Zheng. Kang Zao is lonely, talented and far away from the crowd. He is seven feet eight inches long, with beautiful writing and graceful demeanor, while civil engineering is a mess and he doesn't decorate himself. People think dragons are elegant and natural. Quiet and dull, with dirt and flaws, there is a lot of generosity and simplicity. If you don't learn from your teachers, you can't pass the Expo, but you can grow up to be "old" and "Zhuang". Marry the imperial clan of Wei and worship Dr. China. I often feed on cultivation, play the piano and recite poems, and be self-sufficient in my arms. It is believed that the nature endowed by immortals is not the result of accumulated learning. As for reasonable guidance and cultivation, it can reach the ethics of Taiping period and Peng Zu, which is the book "On Health Preservation". He also believes that a gentleman is selfless, and his theory says: "A husband calls himself a gentleman and doesn't know right and wrong, but he doesn't violate the Tao." . Why is there still a long way to go? If the husband is calm, his spirit is empty and his heart has no pity; Brightheart's body touches people, but feelings are not tied to what you want. Compassion does not exist in the heart, so it can be taught more naturally; Love doesn't depend on what you want, so you can judge high and low and be reasonable. Things went well, so there was no violation of the rules; The more famous, the more helpless. Therefore, the gentleman is mainly at a loss, and everything is beautiful; When it comes to villains, it is wrong to hide feelings, and it is also wrong to go against the Tao. who is it? The secret is stingy, and the villain is the worst; There is nothing wrong with modesty, and a gentleman's behavior is also good. It is based on the road of' If I don't have a body, what am I suffering from'. People who don't value life are virtuous and noble. As far as Sri Lanka is concerned, there is no way to deal with it. Therefore, it is said that' a gentleman forgets his body'. A gentleman's trip is based on virtue, not on observance; Let the heart be innocent, don't say yes; Show a feeling of being at a loss, no matter what happens later. Therefore, I am proud of forgetting sages, and sages and degrees will meet; If you suddenly let go of your heart, your heart will meet kindness; Nothing to do, everything is fine. "Well. It's a high contract, difficult construction period, and always thinking about quality. Only Ruan Ji in Hanoi befriended him, and Xiang Xiu in Hanoi, his elder brother Xian and Lang Xie befriended him, so he became the so-called "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" in the world. Rong has lived for twenty years, but he has never seen the color of joy. Kang tasted a hundred herbs and traveled to the mountains. He could have been proud, but suddenly he forgot to violate it. When firewood meets Su, salt is called God. In order to see Sun in the mountains of Ji Jun County, Kang Sui set out from there. Deng was silent and self-controlled, saying nothing. Lin Kang boarded the boat and said, "If you are physically strong and talented, you can avoid it!" Kang met again. * * * went into the mountain and tasted the stone marrow, that is, he took half of it, and the rest and Kang all solidified into stones. I saw a roll of plain books in the stone house and asked Kang to get them. I haven't seen them since. Lienai sighed, "My uncle's interest in the night is so great that if he can't satisfy it, he will be finished! "His thoughts feel this way every time he encounters seclusion. Dan Tao will choose an official to promote Kang Zidai. Connor said goodbye to Tao Shu and said, I heard that he would take my place. Although I can't do it, I am content and don't know it. I am afraid that those who are ashamed to take the first step will be cut alone. I wish them help themselves. Therefore, it is possible for Chen Qi to take the first step. Laozi, Zhuang Zhou, my teacher, also live in humble posts; Liu Xiahui and Dong Fangshuo, as well as talented people, are all humble. How dare I be short! Zhong Ni loves everything and is not ashamed of flogging; Wen Zi has no desire for Qing Xiang, and the third is Lingyin, which means that a gentleman considers economic matters. The so-called Danone, the good thing is perseverance, the bad thing is complacency and boredom. It can be seen that Yao and Shun lived in the world, lived in rocks, and the ovary helped Han, and the Song of Yu's Journey was one of them. Looking up to a few princes can be described as people who can fulfill their ambitions. Therefore, a gentleman can do everything, and all roads lead to the same goal, and he will move with his nature. Therefore, there is a saying that "stay in the imperial court and never go back to the mountains." The spirit of Gao Yanling's son Zang Zhifeng and the festival of evergreen Mu Xiangru cannot be taken away. Every time I read Shang Ziping's Biography of Filial Piety in Taiwan Province, I admire them and think they are human beings. Adding less loneliness, my mother and brother are arrogant and arrogant, not involving Confucian classics, but reading Laozi and Zhuangzi and adding explanations, so my heart failure and any feelings turn to Benedict. Ruan Sizong's mouth is that no matter what others say, I learn from every teacher, but I can't. Extraordinary in nature, harmless to things, but it is too bad to drink, and it is caught by polite people. It is as sick as hatred and worships the general's ear. I am not as good as Munenosuke, but I lack relaxation; I don't understand, it's darker than a machine; I was not careful, but I was tired for a while; If you keep up with things for a long time, you will get more and more trouble. Although you want to be safe, you can get it! I also heard the Taoist priest's last words, bait Yuzhu, make people live longer, I believe it very much. I'm glad to come to Yamazawa to see fish and birds. If you are an official, it will be abolished. You can give up what you like and fear! Knowing your wife's nature, you can help her. I don't force Bo to become a son, but all of them are dragons; Zhong Ni was built in midsummer to protect its shortcomings. There is no need to force Yuan to take Shu directly, but Hua Ziyu is not strong enough to be an enemy of Qing. It can be said that you can start from the beginning and know the truth. Since divination has been tried, if the Tao has been exhausted, it has already been heard, and the first step without mistakes will turn to the ravine. The new news that I lost my mother and brother is often sad. The woman is thirteen and the man is eight. She's underage, complicated and annoying. However, today, if you want to keep that mean alley and educate your children and grandchildren, you should stay away from your relatives and friends forever. Chen said, a glass of turbid wine, playing the piano all your life, your ambition will come true. Can you see that the yellow door is called chastity? If you are interested in going to the king, you will be very happy when you are interested in each other. Once forced, it will go crazy. Since it is not a heavy enemy, it is not far. We should not only solve the first step, but also think from another angle. This book is not only good, but also difficult to understand. Sex is clever and easy to exercise. There is a willow tree in the house, full of water. Every Xia Yue was born for forging. Dongping Lu 'an is obedient to Kang, and Kang is especially good at it. Later, Lai 'an was sued by his younger brother, went to prison for something, and was reinstated. Kang is cautious in his words and deeds. Once in infancy, he wrote "Poems of Sorrow and Anger", saying: I am thin and withered, and I seldom work. I am sad and foolish, and the more I am in infancy. Mother and brother Ju Yu, who are kind-hearted and have no power, rely on their sister, but they don't teach or teach. Love the crown, let your pet go, resist and cherish the past, let it go. Grasp the "Zhuang" and "Lao", take the body as the foundation, keep simplicity as the purpose, and fix the truth as the purpose. If the sun is insensitive, it will hide people well, and Yu Zi's failure will increase again and again. Adults are generous, shelter evil people from evil practices, and are ashamed of themselves. Many people are withdrawn and politically involuntary. Only this heartbreaking and obvious ignorance; If you are homesick, you will be embarrassed. Too little desire, slander, sex does not harm the body, often leads to resentment. I was ashamed of Liu Hui yesterday, and now I am ashamed of Sun Deng. I have a bad heart and a good friend outside. I admire Yan Zheng, like seclusion, aloof from the world, and look like a monk. Bad advice, the baby is tired and worried. Bandits falling from the sky are actually caused by stubbornness, accumulated disadvantages and deadlock. It's embarrassing to complain about this, and I don't have time to talk to you. Although the righteousness is straightforward, God is humiliated and frustrated, and the bath body is windy, and the clouds can make up for it. Yong Yong Yan Ming and Li Yi traveled north, keeping pace with the times and forgetting their worries. Oh, I'm angry and sighing. I've never been able to conquer. Instead, if you stay for a long time, whoever is poor will have a life. What do you want? As the ancients said, goodness is not close to fame. At that time, I was respectful and silent, and regretted it. Shiwan Shen Zhou lives in peace and honor. Things are changeable. Only when emotions are provoked and happiness must be forbidden, this is the ultimate virtue. Brilliant and beautiful, three shows a year; If you want to be independent, you don't want to. I feel guilty when I think about it, and I will be fine in the future. Cai Wei, where there are caves, whistling, singing and enjoying life. At the beginning, I lived in poverty and tasted forging with Xiang embroidery under a big tree to support myself. Yingchuan Zhonghui, your son, is concise and eloquent, so he makes a big fuss. Kang is not a talent, but he keeps forging. After a long time, Kang said, "What did you hear? What did you see? " The meeting said, "I heard what I heard, saw what I saw and left." You'll regret it. And yes, it was said to Wendi: "Ji Kang and Wolong can't get up. The public has no worries about the world and cares about health. " Because "Kang wants to help, but Lai won't listen. In the past, China's scholars slaughtered together, and Lu Zhu was less righteous. When they were harmed, they sincerely taught, and the sages passed away. The dissolute remarks of Kang and An are not suitable for emperors unless they are destroyed. It is advisable to get rid of it because of it, and to be honest. " The emperor's self-listening will also hurt him. Jiang Kang will be punished in Dongcheng, with 3,000 students in Taitai. Please be a teacher, Fu Xu. Kanggu looked at the shadow of the sun and played the piano and said, "Yuan Xiaoni wanted to learn Guangling San from me, every time. Guangling San is unique now!" At the age of forty. People in the sea are in pain. The emperor sought enlightenment and hated it. At first, Kang tried swimming in Luoxi and playing the piano in Huayang Pavilion at night. In the middle of the night, some guests called it the ancients. He talked with Kang * * * about temperament and made a clear argument. Because it is played by Suoqin, it is called Guangling San, and its timbre is unparalleled. So I gave this honor to Kang, but he still vowed that he would not pass it on, nor did he say his last name. Kangshan's rationality also belongs to the text, with high feelings and far-reaching, straightforward and profound. Since ancient times, Gao Shi has been full of praise for him and has wanted to make friends with him for thousands of years. He also wrote "The Proverbs of a Taishi", which was enough for Wang Zhidao, the Ming Emperor, to understand. The sequel to "No Sorrow and Sorrow" is very organized. Zishao, stop passing it on.