Advocate spindle shape: the method of fixing the stem height and cutting the central trunk is basically the same as that of thinning and layering, except that the main branches at all levels do not cut short and cultivate the side branches, but directly cultivate the fruiting branches by pulling branches and lengthening them. In the second year, the central trunk will be shortened by 70-80 cm, and the lower branches will be drawn at 70-80 degrees (the weak ones can be moderately "headed"). In the third year, the central trunk should be shortened to about 80 cm in length and new branches should be pulled out. In the fourth year, the treatment of the central trunk depends on the planting density and the number of cultivated fruiting branches. If the density is low and the number of fruiting branches does not meet the requirements, it is necessary to continue to "head", otherwise it will be long-planted, and the new shoots extracted after cutting the central trunk in the third year will still be pulled out to cultivate fruiting branches.

In addition, the shaping method of apple spindle with good fertilizer and water conditions can also be referenced: the stem height is about 100 cm, and the middle stem is not cut short in the second year (the branches with weak growth potential can be lightly cut), and all the branches sprouted at the base are cut short with extremely heavy weight, only 2-3 weak buds are reserved, and the outer buds are first, so that the germination and growth of each fruiting branch shaft are basically on the same basis. When the spring shoots stop growing, they are pulled to 80-90 degrees, which promotes the germination of short branches and the formation of flower buds while cultivating the tree shape, so as to achieve the goal of "planting trees one year, putting out branches in two years and seeing production in three years". However, due to the strong polarity of pears, most varieties have weak ability to form branches, so it is necessary to do a good job of bud carving and pay attention to controlling the strong branches in the upper part of the crown to avoid the influence of "strong on the upper part and weak on the lower part" on the crown formation.

1, branch group culture

Cut first and then put: generally used for the cultivation of large and medium-sized fruit branches. After cutting the developing branches short, the branches will be branched, and the long flowering period will promote the flowering, supplemented by technical means such as removing the core and pulling the branches, so that the strong and upright branches will be retracted after flowering and fruiting, and the growth potential will be alleviated, thus cultivating permanent fruiting branches. For example, the method of "cutting first and then releasing" is often used to cultivate large and medium branches on scattered layered side branches.

First put and then cut: suitable for the cultivation of all kinds of branches. Generally, the branch group culture of young flourishing trees is to put the developing branches with expansion space for a long time and then take them back after fruiting.

Continuous retraction: mainly used for machining auxiliary branches. With the continuous development of main branches or permanent fruiting branches, the development space of auxiliary branches is getting smaller and smaller, which can be retracted continuously and eventually cultivated into large and medium-sized fruiting branches. Generally, the method of long-term release is used to cultivate small fruit branches.

2. Pruning of young trees with first fruits Generally, most varieties have begun to bear fruit after a plastic period of 3-4 years, and the skeleton structure of the tree has been formed. In the next 3-4 years, the main branches or side branches with room for development will be lightly cut and put out for a long time to promote branching, and the fruiting branches will continue to be cultivated by the method of "putting out first and then shrinking". Generally, it is no longer necessary to cut short or cut short to control the increase of crown diameter and prevent canopy closure caused by overlapping plants. At this time, the central leadership has let go for a long time, and as a result, the growth trend has slowed down, and the height of the tree can be controlled by "lowering the head" to increase the illumination in the inner room. The general evacuation layered shape can implement a "drop" above the last main branch. For other tree shapes, just "bow your head" above the small main branch (or bearing branch axis). For the auxiliary supporting function of the completed tree potential, the auxiliary supporting branches that compete and overlap with the main and side branches should be removed in time. If there is still room for development, it can be cultivated into large and medium-sized fruiting branches through successive years of retraction.

The main task of this period is to cultivate a plump and stable skeleton and lay a good foundation for high yield and high quality in the future. At the same time, we should pay attention to the balance of tree potential to avoid the phenomenon of "strong on the top and weak on the bottom" and "partial crown". The bad tree shape can be corrected by technical means such as "thinning the upper part and supplementing the lower part" and "controlling the strong and strengthening the weak". In addition, attention should be paid to the utilization and control of the back branches, and the long branches should be sprouted, cored or pulled to change direction as soon as possible to avoid the phenomenon of "trees on trees" and affect the balance of tree potential. Today, we should cultivate an ideal tree with clear master-slave relationship and reasonable layout.