Need qualifications. Issued by the land and resources management department, including: geological environment risk assessment, geological disaster control design and engineering construction qualification, mine geological environment protection and recovery control scheme as design qualification, generally the land and resources departments of provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions adopt Grade B and Grade C qualification, and the Ministry of Land and Resources issues Grade A qualification.

Second, what qualifications are needed for mine ecological restoration?

Grade A qualification for geological disaster risk assessment, Grade A reconnaissance unit, Grade A design unit and Grade A construction unit of geological disaster control project.

Three, in the ecological restoration, what are the ecological restoration contents of the abandoned coal mine project in mountainous areas?

The main research contents of restoring and improving the eco-economic system of mine wasteland are the reuse of damaged agricultural land, the redevelopment of abandoned mine resources, the rational development and protection of unused wasteland, the prevention and control of geological disasters and the construction of ecological landscape.

1. Reuse of damaged farmland

Agricultural land in mountainous areas is very precious, so it is obviously necessary to reuse the agricultural land destroyed by coal mining. Collapse pits and cracks formed after coal mining bring serious inconvenience to the farming operation of terraced fields and sloping farmland in mountainous areas, and there is water leakage and fertilizer leakage. Its restoration and transformation are mainly based on engineering measures, supplemented by biological measures and farming measures to reduce soil erosion and maintain soil nutrients. Ecological restoration of damaged farmland is a systematic project.

Conditional areas should implement agricultural access and supporting projects such as storage, diversion, drainage and irrigation, adhere to the comprehensive management of mountains and mountains, and manage mountains and Baoshan; Whole process planning and distributed implementation. At the same time, through fertilization and improvement measures, improve the content of soil organic matter; Apply more farm manure, organic fertilizer and other measures to improve soil and improve soil fertility.

2. Redevelopment of abandoned mineral resources

Abandoned mines, rock piles, mechanical equipment and typical mining sites left after coal mine closure are very important abandoned resources. These material and intangible cultures have extremely high market, historical, social, architectural, technical and aesthetic values. Therefore, this kind of mine heritage with the function of mining history record should be developed and utilized protectively.

The development and utilization of abandoned mining resources mainly include: mine water purification for irrigation and landscape water, gravel filling collapse pits and the development of mining relics tourism resources.

3. Rational development and protection of unused wasteland.

From the perspective of land ecology and ecological landscape theory, the land resources of mine wasteland that have not been utilized at present are not completely in a balanced ecosystem. Protecting land resources is not simply the same as not developing land resources. The key lies in whether the form of development is conducive to the stability of the ecosystem, maintaining a good ecological environment and promoting economic development.

The main measures include closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation in natural forest areas of mine wasteland, afforestation in wasteland, and moderately developing some wasteland suitable for agricultural and tourism purposes. For example, combine the gentle slope wasteland with superior natural, social and cultural resources to develop eco-tourism with characteristics or themes.

4, geological disaster prevention and control

The prevention and control of geological disasters is an important content of ecological restoration of coal mine wasteland, mainly aimed at mudslides and landslides. The millstones produced by years of coal mining are piled up in the valley, which is easy to induce mudslides. The main measures of debris flow prevention and control project include slope treatment and vegetation restoration combining engineering measures with biological measures.

Engineering measures are a kind of control means to directly prevent the occurrence of debris flow. The combination of drainage ditch, slope protection and retaining wall can stabilize the materials on the ditch bed and slope surface and control the occurrence and development of debris flow. Biological measures are a kind of control measures that help to slow down the formation of debris flow, and adopt scientific methods to plant trees and grass.

Vegetation coverage can effectively reduce surface runoff, maintain soil and water, and play a significant role in maintaining natural ecological balance, thus playing an irreplaceable role in alleviating the occurrence and development of debris flow and reducing harm. At the same time, ecological forest construction can create a good river valley landscape and greatly improve the ecological environment.

5. Ecological landscape construction

Ecological restoration is the reconstruction of ecological landscape to a certain extent. Ecological landscape reconstruction is one of the important contents of ecological restoration of abandoned land in mountainous mining areas, that is, ecological landscape construction is an important part of ecological restoration.

Ecological landscape construction focuses on long-term natural landscape protection and ecological balance, and the introduction of ecological concept is a long-term, objective and dynamic process, including all measures and means related to ecological environment and landscape construction. The ecological landscape construction of abandoned land in mining area not only ensures the sustainable utilization of natural resources, but also pursues the overall benefit of the unity of ecology, economy and society.

The ecological landscape construction of mine wasteland has the following basic contents and measures: subsidence pit filling, crack repair, rock pile pollution control and shaping greening, human landscape excavation and restoration, steep slope wasteland greening, sloping farmland leveling and water conservancy terrace construction.

So as to create a new rural pastoral landscape and lay the foundation for leisure agriculture, sightseeing agriculture and holiday agriculture; It provides a place for people with rising living standards to enjoy the natural pastoral scenery through leisure activities.

4. What is the basis of ecological restoration in non-coal mines?

Opinions of the Office of the Safety Committee on Implementing the Spirit of the Notice on Further Strengthening the Work of Safety Production in Non-coal Mines ——No. [2065 438] 17 of the Office of the Safety Committee.

5. What projects can environmental restoration do?

The environmental restoration project focuses on the ecological restoration technology of engineering trauma. According to the characteristics of the regional ecosystem of each construction project, aiming at improving the local ecological environment quality, it is a practical project for ecological restoration and functional reconstruction of damaged vegetation, soil and water.

Environmental restoration projects include traffic ecology, mine restoration, soil treatment, water ecological restoration and other fields, covering greenway solutions, ecological railway solutions, green mine solutions, ecological water system solutions, soil restoration solutions and so on.

6. What is the deposit for mine environmental management and restoration?

Mine environmental restoration deposit (hereinafter referred to as deposit) refers to the special funds drawn by the mining right holder in accordance with the provisions of these measures and deposited by the enterprise in the bank account designated by the financial department in accordance with the principle of "enterprise ownership, government supervision and earmarking" for its mine environmental restoration and ecological restoration.

A deposit is a certain amount of money paid to ensure the performance of obligations. For example, when financing to buy securities in the securities market, investors need to pay their own funds; A certain form and a certain amount of bid responsibility guarantee submitted to the tenderer by the enterprises participating in the construction project bidding with the bidding documents in the bidding activities; A deposit or deposit paid in advance to a merchant to ensure the purchase of goods or services. The purpose of paying the deposit is to ensure that the obligee obtains his own rights and interests, and at the same time, it is also to urge the relevant obligors to fulfill their responsibilities.

Mine environmental restoration deposit is a fund paid to ensure the mining right holder to fulfill the obligation of mine environmental restoration. People's Republic of China (PRC) Environmental Protection Law and People's Republic of China (PRC) Mineral Resources Law clearly stipulate that measures must be taken to protect the ecological environment in the development and utilization of natural resources; Those who cause losses to others' production and life shall be responsible for compensation and take necessary remedial measures. Therefore, mining enterprises have the responsibility to control and restore the ecological environment damage caused by the development and utilization of mineral resources.

The essence of establishing the deposit system for mine environmental restoration is to implement the principle of "whoever pollutes will treat"; The principle of "whoever destroys it will be restored" is a special economic means and measure to promote the mining right holder to protect the mine environment during the mining process and ensure the restoration of the damaged mine ecological environment after the pit is closed.

Seven, about the rectification report of open pit mine, should be written from what aspects?

1. The mining plan of the newly-built open-pit mine should clearly include the mine environmental protection plan, focusing on the storage of stripped soil, the transfer of non-mine rock and soil, the stacking of slag and the discharge of tailings.

2. In the open-pit mines being mined, in addition to strengthening the control of dust and noise, it is also necessary to put forward the control scheme and preventive measures for the existing mine environmental problems according to the predicted environmental problems.

3 for mines with loose overburden, the stacking, storage, reclamation and reuse of stripped topsoil should be arranged as a whole. If the topsoil is rich in plant seeds and humus suitable for local growth, it should not be mixed with waste residue and stored separately.

4. When mining solid wastes such as waste slag and surrounding rock, the best storage plan should be made before mining, and attention should be paid to the rational utilization of available beneficial components.

5. The tailings and mud produced by ore dressing in open-pit mining shall be properly discharged and stored.

6, the preparation of open-pit mining mine comprehensive management plan should highlight the following contents:

A. Protection of stable slope in mining area, slope reconstruction and cascade development;

B. Prevention and control of geological disasters induced by mining, and elimination of hidden dangers of geological disasters in mining areas;

C. Eliminate dust and noise pollution that is common in open-pit mining;

D. land reclamation for open-pit mining and vegetation reconstruction in mining areas.

About vegetation reconstruction in mining area:

Slope greening: Open-pit mining destroys the natural ecological environment, resulting in bare rocks on the slope, low soil content between ground rubble, difficult to maintain water, and intense solar radiation leading to extreme environmental conditions such as high temperature, drought or waterlogging. Vegetation greening must have suitable site conditions, that is, it is necessary to create and solve soil conditions, nutritional conditions, physical conditions and plant species conditions.

At the same time, in order to restore vegetation, we must first understand the relationship between plant growth and its closely related factors. According to the requirements of different types of management design in mining areas, combined with the means of slope physical management engineering, one or more types of ecological management can be carried out in mines.

(1)CBS vegetation concrete technology shotcrete (a new technology for greening steep rock slopes)

A three-dimensional plastic net or a plane barbed wire net, a plastic net and an anchor are erected on a steep rock surface, and then the mixture mixed with soil, fertilizer, organic matter, loose materials, water-retaining agent and adhesive is sprayed into a slurry layer by layer by a pressure jet mixer, then sprayed into a mesh frame on the rock surface, sprayed to a required thickness after the lower layer is solidified, and sprayed with a mixture containing grass seeds on the upper layer.

(2) Create a step type

For mines with relatively high slope, dense and stable slopes, it is not easy to plant complex soil on gentle slopes, and the cost is high. Steps are generally required to be below 10m and not higher than 20m, and the width is 1 ~ 2m. Planting grooves are built on the steps, and the height of the planting grooves is more than 60 cm. A drainage ditch is set 5 cm away from the bottom of the trench, and planting soil is backfilled in the trench.