1. Geological processes are divided into internal forces and external forces. Internal force and external force are interrelated, but the development trend is opposite. Internal forces complicate the composition and structure of the earth's interior and crust, causing the surface to fluctuate; The external force has changed the original composition and structure of the earth's crust, making the surface ups and downs flat and developing towards simplification. Generally speaking, the process and development of external forces are controlled by the geological action of rivers.

2. Geological action refers to the action of some energy (external force and internal force), which causes the constant change and formation of crustal composition, crustal structure and surface morphology. The action caused by natural forces that makes the crustal composition, crustal structure and surface morphology change constantly is generally called geological action. Geologists call the various natural functions that lead to these changes geological processes. Geological processes are mainly divided into tectonic movement, magmatic activity, earthquake, metamorphism, weathering, slope gravity, denudation, transportation, sedimentation and consolidation diagenesis.