catalogue
Basic information
classify
suborder
form
Spiders are the best.
Advantages and disadvantages advantages
harm
Species classification
Appearance characteristics
Living habits
Growth and reproduction
inner structure
way of life
Spider natural enemy
Drug use
Spider toxicity
Specimen collection 1. Collection tool
2. Acquisition method
Spider nesting
Artificial feeding 1. Monomer feed
2. Group feeding
3. Artificial feed
cobweb
Introduction to exotic spiders
The largest spider in the world
The smallest spider in the world
A spider with a strange name
Eat your mother's spider.
Hunter spider
Bird spider
Throwing spiders
The most poisonous spider in the world-funnel spider
A poisonous spider looks after the shop for others.
Spiders that collude with plants to eat people.
Spiders weave fishing nets
arouse
Basic information about poetry appreciation.
classify
suborder
form
Spiders are the best.
Advantages and disadvantages advantages
harm
Species classification
Appearance characteristics
Living habits, growth and reproduction, internal structure, lifestyle, natural enemies of spiders, drug use, and collection of spider toxic samples.
1. Collection tool 2. Collection methods Spiders build nests and raise them artificially.
1. Monomer feeding 2. Group parenting III. Feed the cobwebs artificially with strange spiders.
The world's largest spider, the world's smallest spider, the name of the eccentric spider, the spider that eats mother, the spider that eats birds, the spider that throws spiders, the most poisonous spider in the world-the poisonous spider that shows people shops and the spider that conspires with plants to eat people, the spider that weaves webs, and the related poems are appreciated and edited.
Basic information
Name: Spider [1] Spider
Pinyin: zhēzh alias: Networm, Flat Spider, Garden Spider, Octopus, Xizi, Bos. Latin name: Araneida；; Spider English name: Spider French name: araigné
Edit this paragraph to classify.
Boundary: Animal kingdom, Animal kingdom, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Araneae, Kroc, 1757.
Edit this subtitle
China textile suborder, 1892 post-textile suborder, 1892.
Edit this paragraph format
There are four pairs of feet, which are divided into basal joint, trochanteric joint, calf joint, knee joint, tibiofibular joint, posterior tarsal joint, tarsal joint and tarsal joint (with claws on it). The foot is covered with bristles and has several sensory organs, such as fine hair (feeling airflow and vibration). After self-cutting, the next molting can be regenerated. Under 8 in one eye. Some foot muscles and palatal muscles are attached to the intrathoracic bones of the head and chest. There is a slender abdominal handle between the head and chest and abdomen. Because of the belly handle, the belly can swing freely when rotating. The nervous system is completely concentrated in the head and chest, and the brain (superior pharyngeal ganglion) is in the pharynx and inferior esophageal ganglion. Cracked sensory organs are scattered around the body or near the joints of the feet to control vibration or hearing. Spider; Spider-like objects; Star wheel; Cross; Connecting handle; crosshead
The abdomen is not segmented, and there are digestive system, heart, reproductive organs and silk glands. When eating, first spit out digestive juice, digest it in vitro, and then inhale liquefied food. It has both book lung and trachea, but only book lung in Orthopalatine suborder and trachea in Palatina. In addition to arachnida, there are poisonous glands, which are located under claws or crustaceans. Poisonous gland tube passes through the opening of claw limb, close to the tooth end. Poisonous glands may originate from auxiliary digestive glands. The venom glands of many species of spiders are digestive enzymes, and some species can subdue prey and even fight predators (including vertebrates). The venom of widow spiders of Latrodectus, especially L. mactans, contains neurotoxicity and is very painful after being bitten. Black widows often hang upside down on the Internet, with black body color and red hourglass stripes on their bellies, and often a red stripe. The bite of brown parasitic spider (Loxosceles reclusa) leads to local necrosis. The chemical composition of spider silk is similar to that of insect silk, which is silk protein. Silk glands may come from excretory organs, and there are 6 types. Various silk glands produce different types of silk, the silk produced by cystic glands is used to bind prey, the ampullary glands produce cobweb spiral sticky balls, and the silk of circular glands forms egg sacs. The silk of the silk gland in the abdomen of male spiders is discharged from the spinning tube between the abdomen and the lungs, covering the surface of sperm droplets. The primitive Mesothelae family has only two kinds of silk glands, while the circular spider has six kinds. The spinning process is an abnormal appendage, with 1 ~ 4 pairs (two pairs of abdominal segments are 10 and 1 1 respectively), and most of them have three pairs, while the middle pair in the front row disappears or degenerates into a tongue-shaped or flat screen with thousands of spinnerets. According to literature records, there are 38,265,438+0 genera and 42,055 species of spiders in the world (2065,438+00), and there are about 3,000 species recorded in China (as of 2007,65,438+065,438+0). * * *14th order, 5th order extinction. They belong to 66 families, 7 orders have been found in China and 39 families in China.
The editor spider is in this paragraph.
The biggest spider is the Grissom Spider in the humid forests of South America. It weaves nets in the Woods, feeds on them and catches birds in traps. Male spiders are 38 centimeters wide when they open their claws. The smallest spider is a display spider. An adult male spider was once collected in the West Samoyed Islands, with a body length of only 0.043 cm, which is not as large as the printed period. Bird-catching spiders raised in China are nearly 10 cm long and are called "the king of poisonous spiders in the world". In China ancient books, spiders have many different names. For example, networms, flat beads and round beads are recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica written by Li Shizhen: "Spiders are elegant and earthy, and there are nets in the soil".
Advantages and disadvantages of editing this paragraph
profit
Spiders have both advantages and disadvantages for human beings, but as far as their contribution is concerned, they are mainly beneficial insects. For example, in farmland, spiders prey on pests of crops. At the same time, spiders are recorded in many Chinese medicines, so it is of great significance to protect and utilize spiders. In particular, the protection of spiders in rice fields has three advantages: first, it can effectively stabilize the balance of biological populations; Secondly, reduce the residue of chemical pesticides in rice to ensure the safety of people and animals; Third, reducing production costs can increase production and income. Therefore, in the prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests, it is advocated to use high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides to carry out biological control and protect natural enemies. There are many kinds of spiders, which are widely distributed and adaptable. They can live on the soil surface, soil, trees, grasslands, rocks, caves, watersides, low-lying areas, bushes, mosses, houses or make webs, or inhabit fresh water (such as water spiders) and coastal lakes (such as lake spiders). In short, there are traces of spiders in water, land and air.
harm
Poisonous spiders will pose a threat to human safety, and some spiders will also harm crops. If the spider's stomach is red, it is poisonous. There are no exact statistics on the number of really poisonous spiders. The most poisonous spiders in the world are the Mediterranean Black Widow Spider, the Arachnoidea Brown Flat Spider, the Arachnoidea Australian Funnel Spider, the Ctenophoridae Black-bellied Jellyfish and the Australian Bird-catching Spider of the Bird-catching Spider Family. According to statistics, there were 1726 cases and 55 deaths from 1959 to 1973 in the United States. Thread spiders and bird-catching spiders have bigger and deeper wounds, while tarantulas and spiders have lighter wounds. Phoneutria spiders are very toxic. Taking 20 grams of mice as the experimental object, 0.006 mg of toxin was injected intravenously and died within 2 ~ 5 hours. The toxicity of female spiders is much stronger than that of male spiders, and male spiders will not give people lethal doses of toxins. Because spiders are very toxic, they are terrible in Brazil, the eastern Mediterranean, Yugoslavia and other countries. Red spider, also known as fire dragon worm, is the most harmful to crops. Red spiders that harm jujube trees are mainly cotton red spiders and alfalfa red spiders. Cotton spider belongs to acaridae, also known as cotton spider mite or spider mite, commonly known as "fire bead" and "fire dragon" In recent years, red spider occurred seriously in many jujube areas. It hurts leaves, absorbs chlorophyll particles and cell fluid, inhibits photosynthesis and reduces nutrient accumulation. In severe cases, the leaves turn yellow, leading to early defoliation and fruit drop, which affects the yield. The main hosts of red spider are cotton, wheat, beans, corn, millet, sesame, melon, eggplant, jujube, mulberry, peach, sunflower and small convolvulus among weeds. The damage of red spider to northern jujube area is more serious than that to southern jujube area. The annual generation algebra of Starscream varies with climatic conditions. In the northern jujube tree area, 1 year occurs for more than 10 generation. The reproductive mode is mainly bisexual, and each female adult mite lays 6 ~ 8 eggs on average every day. 10 year 10 in the middle and late October, female mites moved to bark crevices, rhizosphere of weeds and under clods for the winter. At this point, the mite body is orange-red, and the black spots on its side disappear. In late April of the following year, the overwintering red spider began to move and began to do harm in late May. In June, the hosts of weeds mature and wither in early spring. After the wheat harvest, the environment changed and the temperature increased. The red spider migrated to jujube trees in large numbers, and gradually spread to the top and periphery of the trees, with the most serious damage in June-August. The activity of Starscream is related to environmental conditions. The optimum activity temperature is 25℃ ~ 35℃; The optimum relative humidity is 35% ~ 55%. High temperature and dryness are the main conditions for the rampant damage of this mite, and different farming systems affect its occurrence. For example, the previous crops are beans, millet, corn and cotton, and the overwintering base of insect population is large, which is more serious in the second year.
Edit the category division of this paragraph.
Araneae is divided into two suborders: ① There are more than 20 species of 1 family in China; ② Spinning suborder (about 107 family, nearly 40,000 species). Among them, the post-spinning suborder is divided into A: Protospider suborder (about 14 family, 1500 species); B: New Araneae (about 93 families, more than 38,000 species). Spiders are natural enemies of many agricultural and forestry pests and play an important role in biological control. Protecting and utilizing spiders has become an important part of biological control. Spiders can be used as medicine to treat diseases such as proctoptosis, sores and bromhidrosis. Some species of Arachnidae
The venom of a few spiders, such as the black widow, is harmful to people and animals. Burrowing tarantulas of the Tarantula family are distributed in Europe and Asia, and are also common in Xinjiang, China, and their poison can kill people and animals. Some spider toxins contain hemolytic enzymes, which can cause local necrosis and ulceration of wound tissue and spread around. There are many kinds of spiders. There are more than 40,000 kinds of spiders in nature. These spiders can be roughly divided into three types: safari spiders, cobwebs spiders and cave spiders. The first kind will forage everywhere, and the second kind will wait for rabbits after weaving a net. Most people keep the third kind as pets: cave spiders. They like to hide in sand or holes and make a net at the hole. The net itself is not sticky, and it is purely used to sense the size of prey and hunt.
Edit the shape characteristics of this paragraph.
Some kind of golden spider
Spiders vary in length from 0.05 mm to 60 mm. The body is divided into chest and abdomen. Some species have breastplates at the back of the head and chest (some don't), and there are usually 8 monocular eyes (6, 4, 2, 0) at the front of the head and chest, arranged in 2 ~ 4 rows. There is a big chest plate on the ventral surface, and a lower lip between the two frontal lobes in front of the chest plate. The abdomen is not segmented, and the abdominal stalk evolved from 1 abdominal segment (the seventh body segment). The abdomen is mostly round or oval, and some have various strange-shaped protrusions. The ventral rotator evolved from appendages, and there are 8 primitive species, which are located slightly in the front; Most species have six spinnerets, which are located in front of the anus at the back of the body; Some species have four spinnerets, and there are many spinning tubes on the spinneret, which are connected with various silk glands, and the silk is spun from the spinning tubes. Sensory organs include eyes, various sensory hairs, auditory hairs, lyre and tarsal bones. Spiders are covered by chitin exoskeleton, and their bodies are obviously divided into three parts: head, chest and abdomen, which are often connected by a thin handle formed by the first abdominal segment, without tail segment or tail whip. Spiders don't have compound eyes, and they have six pairs of appendages on the head and chest. The first pair and the second pair belong to the cephalic appendage, in which the first pair is mostly 2 joints, the enlarged part at the base is a claw, the tapered part at the end is divided into claws, and the teeth are tubular. There are poisonous glands in the claws or head and chest, from which the venom is secreted. The second pair of appendages, called foot whiskers, are shaped like walking feet, but have only six joints. The base joint forms a jaw-shaped protrusion near the mouth, which can help feed, while the female spider's foot whiskers have little change, while the male spider's foot whiskers are specialized as reproductive auxiliary organs, which have the structure of storing and transmitting sperm, called limb-touching devices. The third to sixth pairs of appendages are walking feet, consisting of seven joints, with claws at the end and a cluster of bristles under the claws, which are suitable for crawling on smooth objects. Most spiders have poisonous glands, with claws and claws. Most burrowing spiders move up and down, but they prey on the ground, and spiders that web in the air sweep around like pliers. No tentacles, no wings, no compound eyes, only one eye, usually 8 eyes, but there are also 6, 4, 2 eyes, and some even have no eyes. As far as the color and function of eyes are concerned, they can be divided into day and night. The mouthparts of spiders are composed of claw limbs, jaw leaves, upper lip and lower lip, which have the functions of poisoning, catching, crushing food and sucking juice. Some spiders have clumps of sticky hairs under their tarsal claws, which have the ability to make spiders crawl on vertical and smooth objects. The spider that webs has several claw-like spines near the top of the hock joint, which are called secondary claws. The abdomen of most spiders is unsegmented. Whether there are external female organs (called reproductive organs) is an important feature to identify female species. There is a special rotator in the middle or back of the abdomen. Three pairs of rotators are called front, middle and rear rotators according to their landing positions. The top of the spinning machine is provided with a film spinning tube which is surrounded by fur. Different spiders spin different kinds of silk with different spinning tubes. The spinner of the rotating tube is also a rotating organ. For example, there are 966 on the spinning machine of Lepidoptera. There are 8 kinds of silk glands extracted from the body through spinning tubes. With the growth and molting of spiders, the size and number of silk glands are increasing. Spider silk is a kind of bone protein, which is very sticky, tough and elastic, and will harden when exposed to air after spinning. Androgyny, the male is smaller than the female, the male tarsal joints develop into acrobats, and the female has external reproductive organs after molting for the last time.
Edit the living habits of this paragraph.
Spider; Spider-like objects; Star wheel; Cross; Connecting handle; crosshead
Spiders mostly feed on insects, other spiders and multi-legged animals, and some spiders also feed on small animals. Jumping spiders have good eyesight and can dive close to catching prey within 30 cm and pounce on it. Crab spiders wait for prey on flowers close to their body color. The ground spiders who make holes in the soil build a cave lined with silk, which has a living cover that opens at night to prey on insects that pass through the hole. Funnel spiders weave funnel nets, which will cause vibration when catching insects; Spiders themselves live in silk tubes with narrow ends leading to plants or cracks. Most circular spiders weave the largest web with the least silk, just like air filters, trapping insects that can't see the filaments and have weak flying ability. Although the net is complicated, it can be woven in 1 hour, usually before dawn. If the net is destroyed in the process of predation, weave a new net. Why the spider itself will not be stuck by the web, and how to cut off the extremely elastic silk when weaving the web, these problems have not been fully understood so far. When weaving a web, the spider releases traces and floats in the wind. If the free end of the spider silk doesn't stick to anything, the spider will pull it back and eat it. If the silk sticks firmly to something (such as a branch), the spider will cross the silk bridge and reinforce it with silk. The spider took a thread in the middle of the bridge, fell on a thread and hung down, sticking to the ground or another branch. The spider returned to the center, and Radogan radiated from the center of the web. Then, the spider crawled back to the center of the net and pulled temporary spiral wires from the inside out, with a large spacing between the spiral wires. Then the spider climbs to the outermost periphery and places a sticky and dense insect-catching spiral wire from the outside to the center of the web. While knotting, eat the dry spiral silk knotted before, which is not sticky. After the web is finished, some spiders tear off a silk (signal silk) from the center of the web and climb into the leaves in the corner of the web to hide. If an insect casts a net, it can hear the news and eat through the vibration of the signal line. Some spiders stay head down in the middle of the web, waiting for their prey. When there is prey, they first wrap it in silk, then take a bite and take it back to the center of the net or a hidden place to eat or store it. Butterfly moths are large and easy to escape, so they are bitten first and then tied with silk thread. Some spiders * * * use cobwebs. For example, the social funnel spider (Agelena conso ciata) in Gabon will make a big web, and hundreds of spiders will hunt together. Spiders may play an important role in controlling the number of some insects. The neurotoxicity of several poisonous spiders is toxic to people. The process of weaving webs has aroused the interest of the scientific community and has been used to study drugs that affect the nervous system (after using drugs, spiders weave different webs). Spider; Spider-like objects; Star wheel; Cross; Connecting handle; crosshead
According to the way of life and predation, it can be roughly divided into web spiders and wandering spiders. The main feature of a web-forming spider is its web-forming behavior. Spiders secrete mucus through the protrusions at the top of their silk sacs, which can condense into very thin silk when exposed to air. The web made of silk is very sticky, which is the main predation means of spiders. For insects that stick to the web, spiders will first inject their prey with a special liquid jujube digestive enzyme. This digestive enzyme can make insects coma, twitch and even die, and liquefy their bodies. After liquefaction, spiders feed by sucking. Spiders are oviparous, and most male spiders will be swallowed up by female spiders after mating with them and become food for female spiders. Wandering spiders don't weave webs, but wander around or pretend to hunt prey on the spot, such as tall-legged spiders, commonly known as "worms" in Taiwan Province Province. Some spiders can make balloons out of nets and float to other places with the wind. Spiders are not food on the human table. They don't even dare to stay away. Lu Xun said: "The first person to eat crabs is admirable. Who dares to eat if he is not a warrior? " Some people eat crabs, and some people must have eaten spiders. But if it is not delicious, future generations will not eat it "("The Second Feeling of Spring "). But recently, some areas, such as Sukhumi in Cambodia, have sold spiders as their dishes. Spiders mainly prey on small insects. The tarantula beside the water can prey on small fish and shrimp, the bird spider can catch birds (it is said, but there is no exact literature record), and a 7.5 cm long spider in South America can even prey on small rattlesnakes. Web spiders prey on their webs. (1) Detoxification method: When a spider preys, it paralyzes its prey with the venom in its fangs, secretes digestive juice and injects it into the prey to dissolve it, and then sucks it slowly, without any leakage. (2) Homemade fresh-keeping bag: Spiders are afraid of light and often make webs in transparent and ventilated places. Spider silk can be used not only to trap prey, but also as a fresh-keeping bag. The spider wrapped the leftover food in a net for the next time. Spider; Spider-like objects; Star wheel; Cross; Connecting handle; crosshead
(3) cleanliness: spiders clearly divide the places where they eat, sleep and pull things. Domestic spiders generally use cages as garbage stations, urinate in them and throw food scraps. (4) the appetite is extremely delicate: spiders have a strong sense of territory and should be raised separately. They only eat one or two meals a month and can fast for two months at most. The food is mainly insects, such as crickets and Cao Meng. As long as you put a wet sponge in the cage to replenish water, you can raise it to adulthood (about seven years) without changing the cage. Not all spiders are poisonous (among them, arachnids are not poisonous)! And the toxicity is different. Usually, the toxicity of pet spiders in the market is relatively weak, and they will not take the initiative to attack people as long as they are not intentionally teased. Even if you are bitten, there is no danger to your life. Strong adaptability, no need for careful care. Spiders are the easiest pets to keep. Spider silk is expected to be used to make high-strength materials, and experts from the Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences are actively studying the use of spider silk to make high-strength materials. There is a cluster of spinnerets behind the spider's abdomen, which passes through the silk glands in the body. Protein mucus secreted by this gland can condense into extremely strong spider silk in the air. According to the Moscow Communist Youth League newspaper, experts from the Institute of Gene Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences found that the hardness of this material is 9 times higher than that of steel with the same thickness, and the elasticity is 2 times higher than that of other most elastic synthetic materials. Experts believe that after further processing, the above spider silk materials can be used to manufacture light body armor, parachutes, protective materials for weapons and equipment, wheel tires, plastic surgery appliances and high-strength fishing nets.