2020-02-03 16:23

Germination, Pruning, Bundling and Modeling of Podocarpus bonsai

This paper introduces the methods of cultivating arborvitae bonsai by cuttings collection, cutting, seedbed management, shaping and pruning, coiling and modeling, and maintenance, so as to meet the demand of bonsai industrialization for arborvitae seedlings.

Podocarpus is an evergreen tree or shrub of Podocarpus in Podocarpaceae. Podocarpus is native to China and the south of the Yangtze River. This tree has an ancient and powerful posture, a sense of vitality and purity. Its leaves are strip-shaped and needle-shaped, bright green all the year round, 7 ~ 20cm long and1.5 ~ 3.0cm wide. The shape of the seed disk is similar to that of the arhat cassock, and it is purplish red, which is very special.

Podocarpus is a common excellent landscape tree species, which can be planted singly and oppositely in gardens, and can also be used as bonsai and hedgerow [l-4j. Pearl Podocarpus can also be made into excellent bonsai with high ornamental value.

Therefore, Podocarpus is widely used and planted in parks, green spaces, courtyards, campuses and amusement areas. After years of research and practical experience, the author summed up the technology of cultivating stump bonsai by pruning the cuttings of Podocarpus.

1 cut set

At the end of April every year, the annual robust hard branches of Podocarpus are collected as cuttings, which should be carried out before the new branches grow and when the juice begins to flow. Select branches from the middle and lower part of the perennial mother tree and cut them into cuttings (about 15cm in length). Leave 2 ~ 3 buds on the cuttings, and it is best to cut the base of the lower buds diagonally with the heel. The incision must be smooth, which is conducive to rooting.

2 cutting

It is best to choose sandy loam with rich soil layer and strong water retention as bed cutting soil. After the cuttings are bundled, they are treated with hormones. When cutting in seedbed, the depth is about 6cm and the row spacing is about 10cm. In order to avoid damaging the incision and the cambium, a small hole should be made with a stick. After transplanting, the soil should be compacted and watered adequately to ensure that the soil and cuttings can be in close contact. It is best to build a shade shed for daily management.

3 seedbed management

After the cuttings take root and survive, pay attention to keep the soil moist and dry, don't be too wet, and water the cuttings regularly. In about 20 days, the cut at the lower end of the cuttings gradually formed callus, and in about 30 days, the aboveground parts gradually germinated and the callus gradually split into some adventitious roots. At this time, part of the shade shed can be removed and appropriate light can be added to the cuttings.

According to the actual situation, the cuttings should be weeded, watered and fertilized in time, and foliar fertilizer should be sprayed appropriately to make the seedlings grow rapidly.

In order to ensure the development and growth of robust buds, usually two robust buds are left for each plant, and the other one should be erased. In order to make cuttings overwinter safely, water and fertilizer should be properly controlled in autumn to prevent seedlings from overgrowth.

4 plastic decoration

Choose strong seedlings from the already cut Podocarpus in the flowerpot. Use a small pot to quickly shape the cuttings, which is convenient for pruning and makes the cuttings use as soon as possible. When cultivating the Podocarpus type, special attention should be paid to the direction of underground roots, so that the position of the curved part is symmetrical with it.

In the spring after the survival of cuttings 1 year, the seedlings should be pruned for the first time, that is, l pairs of germination points should be reserved at about 10cm from the surface of the basin soil, and the upper part should be pruned to make it the base of the stump. After growing for a period of time, transplant the normal seedlings into a slightly larger flowerpot, cut off the redundant branches, and keep the lower two branches that grow better.

The next spring, cultivate the remaining branch into a trunk, and it is best to cut L on the trunk to leave buds; The other branch is cultivated as the main branch, and 1 bud is cut on the main branch, and after germination, L branches are left to germinate according to actual needs.

After cultivating, protecting and shaping the seedlings in the first two years, the main task in the third year is to trim the skeleton and posture of the seedlings. These steps determine the posture and final shape of the tree in the future, so the third year is a very crucial year. However, further selection should be made after pruning, and the selected seedlings should be transplanted into a slightly larger pot to continue cultivation; But unsuccessful saplings can be cultivated 1 year. The vast majority of seedlings are suitable for continuous cultivation 1 year before use.

In the fourth year after cutting, the diameter of the trunk base of the seedling reaches 2 ~ 3 cm, and the length of the branches can reach about 80c, m, which has basically grown into a pile blank for making bonsai. Because the seedlings of Podocarpus can be processed into many different tree shapes, such as inclined stem type, curved stem type, root lifting type, horizontal stem type or cliff type. Therefore, at this time, pruning and shaping should be done: according to the characteristics of the seedling pile, such as inclination, bending, straightness, hanging, lying and being close to water, all the miscellaneous branches and buds that have become heavy are cut off, and then the nutrition is concentrated, and the remaining branches are stored, so as to quickly start the production process.

Four years later, the root system of the seedlings developed well. After 1 year growth, the diameter of the trunk base could reach 5 ~ 7 cm, and the cut and split part after pruning had healed, which made it more beautiful, thus ensuring the aging degree of the root system and trunk and making it have the charm of ancient trees. To a certain extent, potted plants can basically be shaped.

5 interrogation and modeling

Podocarpus seedlings have great plasticity and can be made into many different tree types, among which the common tree types are straight stem type, bent stem type, attached rock type, cliff type, inclined stem type and horizontal stem type. From March to mid-April, it is most suitable for rolling forming. In the process of making potted plants, artistic processing and treatment must be carried out according to their own natural beauty. In the process of modeling, aluminum wire, iron wire, brown rope, plastic tape and other materials can be used for modeling, and strapping material can be selected according to the thickness of branches. The thicker the branch, the more difficult it is to shape, so we should choose thicker iron wire, tie the iron wire to the branch with branches or brown ropes, and then forcibly bind the tied branches according to people's wishes.

Generally speaking, after 6 ~ 12 months, the iron wire can be untied, and the branches are basically shaped after the seedlings grow. When the whole stump has grown for many years, it can be lifted together with the roots when changing pots. The specific operation method is: turn out the residual limb that needs to be replaced. Before replacing it with a new pot, you need to fill in more nutrient soil, and then put the stump into the pot. After the stump returns to the growing period, you should wash the soil on the stump and basin surface with water to expose the roots.

After several years of growth and management, the roots exposed on the surface of the basin are exposed to photosynthesis, sun and night dew, which fully shows the vigorous and quaint posture of potted plants. At this time, the whole stump will look vigorous and distinctive. After that, whenever the growth is vigorous in spring and autumn, the buds and branches should be trimmed and reshaped to promote the lush growth of the trees.

6 maintenance

First, choose acidic and well-drained sandy soil. Because Podocarpus is a semi-negative tree species, it is more suitable to grow in acidic and well-drained sandy soil. The choice of soil type should not be underestimated. If improper selection leads to stuffy roots, the whole plant will die. The purpose of adding coarse sand is to increase the permeability of its roots and avoid root blockage.

Second, always keep the basin soil moist. Luohansong likes sunshine, is easy to adapt to a cool environment, and likes to grow in a cool and humid environment. It is most suitable to put it in a damp, warm or semi-cloudy and semi-sunny place.

The third is rational fertilization. Rhizobium grows in the root of Podocarpus, which has the function of nitrogen fixation. In order to maintain the good growth of Podocarpus, it is usually necessary to fertilize 2~3 times in 1 year. The stump with vigorous growth can be applied with dilute fertilizer 1 time every 10d, and the stump with weak growth needs to be applied with dilute fertilizer 1 time every month, which can make the stump grow rapidly. Organic fertilizer is the most suitable, and bran fertilizer can also be retted by itself. The fourth is to turn over the basin at the right time.

Podocarpus bonsai should be turned 1 time every 3 ~ 4 years, and the most suitable time is before budding in March. In the process of turning pots, about 1/2 of old soil should be shoveled out, the dead roots and old roots should be cut off one by one, and the fertile and loose humus soil should be replaced.