Importance of plum cultivation techniques 1 The fruits grown by plum trees have various advantages. High-quality plum fruit is not only beautiful in appearance, but also contains glycogen, vitamins, carbonate and other trace elements, which can supplement related nutrition for the body. Preserved fruits, canned fruits, dried fruits and other foods produced by plums have also become many people's favorite snacks.
2. Cultivation techniques of plum trees 2. 1 To establish orchards, we must first choose suitable areas, and the places with large diffusion area and superior geographical location are preferred. Although plum trees are highly adaptable to work, they can grow best in fertile soil. The second is to improve soil and enhance soil fertility. Because the roots of plum trees are shallow and long, to improve the quality of land, we can dig planting pits with a certain length and depth and apply matching chemical fertilizers.
Finally, the relative planting density of plum trees should integrate its varieties, natural environment, temperature and humidity and other factors. Usually, the relative planting density is increased in places with flat terrain, rich soil layers and suitable environmental temperature, thus improving the utilization rate of land resources. In the case of insufficient soil organic matter in hillside and floodplain, the relative density of planting must be reduced. When planting, the plants should be placed evenly, buried in underground stems and watered.
2.2 Plum trees produce a large amount of plum blossoms and high fruit yield. Due to the short growth cycle of plum fruit, there is a great demand for base fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. In young plum trees, base fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be used as the main fertilizer, and a small amount of fertilizer should be used for more meals. At maturity, plum trees need to increase potassium fertilizer. Under normal circumstances, it must be increased three times a year, and the duration is mostly at the turn of summer and autumn. Pay attention to the following aspects when fertilizing. First, the increase of base fertilizer should be mainly based on organic fertilizer, which can help plum blossom and enhance its fruiting ability and cold resistance.
For example, if 9kg urea solution, more than 80kg phosphate fertilizer, 80kg plant ash and more than 500kg organic fertilizer are added every 44.4hm2, quick-acting fertilization is generally not more than 3 times. Fertilization should be applied 1 time before flowering and fruiting, 1 time after flowering and/or after fruit growth.
Increasing the amount of chemical fertilizer is systematically increased according to the difference of crown diameter and growth. Plum trees with weak upward trend or large flowering amount can be fertilized more 1 times to accelerate their growth. Third, cultivate soil and water. In the whole growth process of plum trees, soil should be cultivated frequently to improve the quality of the land. Plum trees should be watered as required, more water should be watered in dry season, and drainage pipes should be used in rainy season.
2.3 pruning pruning pruning will not be limited by the season. For example, winter pruning can be carried out in late February and early March, spring pruning can be carried out before the bud opens, summer pruning can be carried out in June, and autumn pruning can be carried out in late August and early September, in order to remove unnecessary branches, reduce the competition for nutrition and improve the air circulation of plum trees. Pruning young plum trees should pay special attention to mild plant types and develop short branches to help them draw conclusions as soon as possible.
For plum trees with diverse branches and rapid growth, try not to cut off the branches, but the dense branches need to be removed. In summer, you can also prune new buds to help them grow branches and promote the growth of branches. In old age, many short branches and bouquets in Shu-you Li usually decline after the last time. We can prune them, remove the weak and retain the strong, remove the old and retain the new, continue to promote the recovery of plum trees, and maintain all normal growth and development trends.
2.4 pest control plum trees are prone to pests and diseases in the growth process, mainly including scab, gummosis and bacterial infection. The scab is harmful to plum fruit, and spraying omethoate or 1000 times thiophanate at the young fruit stage can effectively inhibit it. Gummosis injures branches of plum trees, causing gummosis of plum trees and affecting the growth and development trend of fruit trees. At the initial stage of the disease, it can be treated with Guojunjing 1000 times solution for 2 ~ 3 times, with an interval of about 7 days. Bacterial infection and hole-breaking diseases mostly occur in early summer, which leads to hole-breaking and falling-off of leaves.
In order to prevent this disease, agricultural streptomycin can be sprayed in a certain proportion when the leaves are green in early spring. Spraying zineb 500 times solution after the leaves grow. Pests and diseases mainly include peach aphid, red spider, plum bee and so on. Myzus persicae mainly harms plum blossoms and young fruits, and spraying a certain proportion of Dagongshuang solution in spring can effectively control it.
When the pests and diseases are serious, spray more 1 times the liquid medicine in autumn; The damage of red spider is the most serious in autumn and spring, and a certain proportion of nisolone should be sprayed twice in spring with an interval of about 7 days. Plum bees will eat the stone of plum fruit, resulting in hollowing out the fruit and stone. You can subsoil the soil, plant insects and fruits, and spray a certain proportion of pyrethrin killing liquid on the road surface and plum tree trunk for prevention and control.
To sum up, plums have high potential value. Although plum cultivation techniques are relatively simple and easy to master, its importance cannot be ignored. After fully understanding its role in the economic and social development of fruit trees, supplemented by correct methods, plum cultivation techniques can effectively improve the economic benefits of fruit farmers and promote the development of the overall fruit tree economy.