Introduction of Songshan self-help tour

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brief introduction

Songshan Mountain is located in the west of Henan Province and the northwest of Dengfeng City, Henan Province. It is the middle of the five mountains. 1982, Songshan Mountain was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national scenic spots in the name of Henan Songshan Scenic Spot. On February 3rd, 2004, 65438 was selected as "World Geopark" by the Geological Department of UNESCO. On May 8, 2007, Shaoshan Shaolin Scenic Area in Dengfeng City was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction.

geography

Songshan World Geopark is located in Dengfeng City, Henan Province, with a total area of 450 square kilometers, bordering Zhengzhou, the provincial capital in the east, Luoyang, the ancient capital in the west, the Yellow River in the north and Shui Ying in the south. It consists of Taishi Mountain and Shao Shi Mountain, with the highest peak (Ji Junfeng) of1491.7m. It stretches from east to west for about 60 kilometers. In ancient times, it was called ocean, lofty and lofty. After the Five Dynasties, it was called Zhongyue Songshan Mountain, and it was also called Wuyue Mountain with Taishan Mountain, Huashan Mountain and Hengshan Mountain. The mountains here are undulating and the peaks are strange. According to the location, shape, appearance and celebrity relics, there are 72 peaks in history, including Sun, Shaoyang, Yuzhu, Long Live, Phoenix, Hanglian, Wolong, Jade Mirror, Qingtong, Lion, Jiming, Songtao, Taibai, Luohan and Bailu. The top of Songshan Mountain, also known as Ji Junfeng, is the highest peak of Songshan Mountain, which has the ancient saying that the sky is extremely high.

Songshan Mountain belongs to the Funiu Mountain system and is one of the five mountains in China, commonly known as Zhongyue Mountain. It crosses the Central Plains from east to west, with the lowest elevation of 350m and the highest elevation of1512m. Surrounded by mountains, it spans Xinmi, Dengfeng, Gongyi, Yanshi, Yichuan and other cities and counties. The ancient culture in Songshan area is very rich. According to the China Cultural Relics Atlas, there are 956 cultural relics and historic sites. Among them, there are 9 national key cultural relics protection units, 38 provincial cultural relics protection units and 899 county (city) cultural relics protection units.

Songshan experienced several major crustal movements such as "Songyang Movement", "Zhongyue Movement" and "Shaolin Movement", and gradually formed a mountain range. The strata and rocks of Archean, Proterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic in the geological history are exposed inside Songshan Mountain, which is called "five generations under one roof" by geologists.

Songshan ancient rock series was formed 2.3 billion years ago. Before that, Songshan was an endless sea. According to the survey of geologists at home and abroad, the rocks in Songshan Mountain are well developed. In the history of the earth's development, it lasted for five generations, namely Archean, Proterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, and was known as "five generations living under one roof". The exposure of magmatic rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks in Songshan area constitutes the oldest rock series in China-Dengfeng Group "Dengfeng Polyrocks". According to China Geological Survey, it is a rare natural geological treasure house in the world. According to geologists' calculations, it took 2.3 billion years of Songyang movement, 800 million years of Zhongyue movement and 500 million to 600 million years of Shaolin movement to end Proterozoic in geological history and enter Paleozoic Cambrian and Ordovician. About 200 million years later, the crust here rose above sea level, and the coal-bearing strata in Songshan area were formed because of its weathering and denudation. 230,000 years ago, the crustal movement in China lasted for a long time again. The "Yanshan Movement" in the north-south area and Songshan area was pushed by the north-south direction, forming today's mountain landform.

Songshan Mountain is rich in paleontological fossils, including walrus fossils, terrestrial biochemical stones and ancient vertebrate fossils. These paleontological fossils are valuable data for the evolution of geology and paleontology. The unique geological structure of Songshan Mountain makes it rich in mineral resources such as coal, aluminum, iron and medical stone.

Zhongyue Songshan, the peaks are tall and straight, magnificent and colorful. "Eight Scenes" and "Twelve Wins" composed of natural scenery elements such as peaks, valleys, streams, waterfalls, springs and forests. These eight scenic spots are: Songmen Moongazing, Xuanyuan Early Walking, Shui Ying Spring Farming, Yin Ji Summer Resort, Shi Hui Drinking, Yuxi Fishing, Shao Shi Yanxue and Luya Waterfall. During the reign of Tang Guang (885 ~ 887), when Zheng Gu, a scholar, visited Zhongyue, he wrote poems praising the eight scenic spots in Dengfeng:

Full moon, Songmen Mid-Autumn Festival, Xuanyuan swimming in the fog early.

Shui Ying plows Tian Ge in spring and avoids the risks of dustpan and summer harvest in summer.

You can drink by the stone river and fish on the Yuxi stage.

Watch the clear snow with little rain, and the ink waves flow in front of the waterfall cliff.

In addition to the "Eight Scenes", there are "Twelve Scenes" in Songshan, namely:

Longtan is full of pearls and Qiong will flow, and Songyang Cave has beautiful scenery.

Little room sunset hangs money, and the royal village sunset hides Taniguchi.

The stone pool is towering above the cliff, and the stone monk stands on the top of the mountain.

Stalagmites make the forest roll, while waterfalls shake the mountains.

The tiger peak roars in the sky, and the monkey looks up to the sky, hoping to break the spell.

The snow in Woong San is a bit spectacular, overlooking the world.

These natural landscapes are magnificent, beautiful and attractive, or waterfalls soar, mountains are stacked and colorful. The trees in Songshan Mountain are lush, and it is full of vitality with rain, snow and frost all year round. Full of green, a pine forest on the Jijun Peak, is full of charm as the mountain wind blows and whizzes past, as light as running water and as fierce as the roar of waves. The autumn colors of Songshan Mountain and the red leaves in the small room are even more charming. Shaoshi Mountain is steep and steep, with strange peaks and rocks, and different scenery everywhere. Climb to the top of the mountain and look around. Beautiful mountains and clear waters, rippling forests and misty snow. Lingxiao Gorge, Daxian Gorge, Xiangtan Gully, Hangbing Cliff, water curtain cave and Echo Building are natural and charming.

The middle of Songshan Mountain is bounded by Shaolin River, with Taishi Mountain in the east, Shaoshi Mountain in the west and 72 peaks including Sun, Shaoyang, Yuzhu and so on.

Taishi Mountain, located in the north of Dengfeng City, Henan Province, is the eastern peak of Songshan Mountain, with an altitude of 1440 meters. According to legend, Yu Wang's first wife, Tu Shanshi, was born here, and the Qi Mu Temple was built at the foot of the mountain, so it was called "Taishi". )。 There are thirty-six peaks in Taishi Mountain. The rocks are covered with green and surrounded by peaks, just like lotus flowers. The main peak "Ji Junfeng" is named after The Book of Songs Takamatsu and Heaven. Later, when Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty visited Songshan Mountain, he wrote poems and erected monuments here, so it was also called "Yubei Peak". Climb the steep mountain peak and overlook it. There are several rooms in the west, the memorial archway of Mount Ji in the south, Shui Ying Ben in front and the Yellow River in the north. Looking down from the stone, the peaks and peaks at the foot are rugged, which has the momentum of "other mountains are dwarfed under the sky". . The clouds between the peaks change quickly and are beautiful. Lu Shouzeng, an ancient human, was born in Xin 'an, Henan. Yongzheng Chen Jia Jinshi, awarded the county magistrate, Shanxi Buzheng) has a poem: "Thirty-six peaks are like a bun, and pedestrians are at ease. The white clouds suddenly closed, all white. " It tells the wonderful beauty of Songshan and the joy and tranquility of tourists' mood.

Shaoshi Mountain, about 10 km east of Taishi Mountain. According to legend, Tu Shanshi, the sister of Xia's second wife, lived here. In order to show her respect, people built a temple at the foot of the mountain, hence the name "Shao Shi". Shaoshi Mountain is steep and contains 36 peaks. Surrounded by peaks, it rises and falls like flags, swords and halberds, which is quite spectacular. Yuzhai Mountain, the main peak, is 15 12 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak of Songshan Mountain, and there is the famous Shaolin Temple under Wuru Peak in the north of the mountain. The top of Shaoshi Mountain is as wide as a village, divided into two floors and four dangerous doors. According to the Records of Henan Province, when Emperor Xuanzong of Jin Dynasty fought Genghis Khan, Xuanzong was forced out of Beijing. Retreat to Shaoshi Mountain and station troops at the top of the mountain, so it is called "Yuzhai Mountain". There is a water tank in Yuzhai Shanxi, called "Little Drinking Horse Pool". This water can feed ten thousand people. It is said that Li Jiyu was stationed here during the uprising in the late Ming Dynasty.

Taishi Mountain and Shao Shi Mountain, two high mountains, rise and fall on the south bank of the Yellow River. Since ancient times, they have aroused the reverie of many poets and attracted the attention of countless tourists, so poets, monks, hermits and emperors of all ages will take the shape and appearance of these peaks as the blueprint. Almost every mountain has a beautiful name, so there are 72 peaks. Surrounded by these peaks, even above the summit, countless Brahma Yulin palaces and Taoist temples have been gradually built.

There are eight ethnic groups living in Songshan World Geopark, including Han nationality, Hui nationality, Pumi nationality, Bai nationality, Yi nationality, Miao nationality, Uygur nationality and Mongolian nationality, forming a multi-ethnic family. On the festivals of various ethnic minorities, the local government and Han compatriots celebrate together, fully display their folk customs and enjoy the customs of ethnic minorities.

Famous scenic spot

In addition to the beautiful natural scenery, Songshan is also famous for its dotted places of interest and pavilions. The famous ones are Song Yue Temple Tower in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Three Wonders of Songshan Mountain in the Han Dynasty, Stargazing Platform in the Yuan Dynasty, Shaolin Temple, Zhongyue Temple, Huishan Temple, Fawang Temple Tower, Chu Zuan 'an, Songyang Academy and Liubei Temple. Shaolin Temple is located at the foot of Wuru Peak at the northern foot of Shaoshi Mountain in Songshan Mountain. It was built in the 19th year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (495). During the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty (627 ~ 649), it was rebuilt. After the Tang Dynasty, monks practiced martial arts here, and Zen and Shaolin Temple became famous all over the world. Existing buildings include the mountain gate, the abbot's room, the Dharma Pavilion, the White House, the Thousand Buddha Hall and so on. And the destroyed Heavenly King Hall and Ursa Major Hall have been restored. There is a famous mural of "Five Hundred Arhats at Pilu" in the Thousand Buddha Hall in Ming Dynasty. The mural covers an area of about 300 square meters. Tallinn, located in the west of Shaolin Temple, is the burial place of monks in past dynasties. It is a masonry building from Tang Dynasty to Qing Dynasty 1000 years. ...

Songshan belongs to the Funiu Mountain system, and there are many records in the history books about Fuxi and Huangdi taking Funiu Mountain as the activity center. Mencius said, "The son of Yu Shun is in Yangcheng"; "To avoid Zi Yu in the shadow of Mount Ji." Yin Ji is Yangcheng. "da ji" at the southern foot of Songshan Mountain says: "Boyi's old government made the country in the shadow of Ji Shan, and Ji Shan sealed the country for profit." Today, the left side of Songyang Academy is Ma Yuchuan, Shun Tomb, and the top of Ji Mountain is Ma Yuchuan and Shun Tomb. The words "the legacy of Yao and Shun" and "Tian Yao obeyed Japan" have been passed down to this day. "Zhuangzi" says: "Yao gave way to the world, and Xu You fled to Jishan to wash his ears". There are also "Diaopiao Cliff" and "Erxi Spring". It is said that when Xu You gave the cow water under the mountain spring, Dayao discussed Zen with him. When Xu You heard about it, he immediately hung the cow drinking water ladle on the cliff, washed his ears with cow drinking water to show decontamination, and fled to the depths of the jungle. This matter is well known at the foot of Songshan Mountain.

According to the ancient books Chronicle of Bamboo Slips and History Book, in the fifteenth year of Shun, Yu was ordered to offer sacrifices to Songshan Mountain. After Shun Zen placed Yu, "Yu lived in Yangcheng". Historians of past dynasties believe that Yangcheng is Yangcheng near Songshan today (in Xilisan, Gaocheng Town today). In Xia Dynasty, from Yu to Jie, * * * spread to seventeen kings and fourteen kings. In 432, the kings moved to Yangcheng several times, but all of them were in Songshan area. The story of Dayu's failure to enter the sluice for three times is widely circulated in Songshan.

"Songshan is the best in the world." Songshan Mountain is a place where emperors and generals worship Zen, literati feast and give lectures, monks and poets travel, write books and give lectures, or realize Zen in seclusion. There are many places of interest on the mountain, ranking first among the five mountains, and it is known as a treasure house of cultural relics. You can enjoy the 8,000-year history of China in Songshan. Yangshao culture, Longshan culture, Three Emperors and Five Emperors, and Summer Capital Yangcheng all have sites here. There are 72 peaks in the mountain, and there are many temples with peaks. There is a saying that "there are seventy-two peaks above and seventy-two temples below". Songshan Mountain is a combination of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, with many historical sites. Among them, there are six in China: Shaolin Temple, the ancestral home of Zen; The largest Tallinn in existence-Tallinn in Shaolin Temple; The oldest existing tower-Song Yue Temple Tower in Northern Wei Dynasty; The oldest existing que-Han Sanque; The oldest cypress-Han Feng's General Cypress; The oldest existing stargazing platform-Gaocheng Yuan Dynasty stargazing platform. In addition, the Zhongyue Temple at the foot of Huang Feng Mountain in Taishi Mountain was founded in Qin Dynasty and flourished in Tang and Song Dynasties. It is the largest existing temple complex in Henan Province. Songyang Academy is magnificent, simple and elegant. Song Dynasty, Suiyang Academy, Yuelu Academy and Bailudong Academy were also called the four major academies. In addition, the verdant and quiet Fawang Temple, Xuanyuanguan, which is on the verge of returning to the environment, and Li Xueting, who is seeking dharma with a broken arm in Hui Ke, are all treasures of China's humanistic scenery. The Song peaks are steep and the Yellow River is on the verge of extinction. Bird's-eye view of the foothills is dotted with places of interest.

At sunrise, the Songshan depression, the morning bell startled birds, the stream gurgled in the forest, and the slope was covered with green grass. A melodious "Pastoral" is still exciting. The beautiful scenery of Shaolin Temple has long been vividly remembered by this beautiful song.

Songshan Mountain is known as the museum of China's historical development, which integrates Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and has many historical sites. Among them, there are six in China: Shaolin Temple, the ancestral home of Zen; The largest Tallinn in existence-Tallinn in Shaolin Temple; The oldest existing tower-Song Yue Temple Tower in Northern Wei Dynasty; The oldest existing que-Han Sanque; The oldest cypress-Han Feng's General Cypress; The oldest existing stargazing platform-Gaocheng Yuan Dynasty stargazing platform. In addition, the Zhongyue Temple at the foot of Huang Feng Mountain in Taishi Mountain was founded in Qin Dynasty and flourished in Tang and Song Dynasties. It is the largest existing temple complex in Henan Province. Songyang Academy is magnificent, simple and elegant. Song Dynasty, Suiyang Academy, Yuelu Academy and Bailudong Academy were also called the four major academies. In addition, the verdant and quiet Fawang Temple, Xuanyuanguan, which is on the verge of returning to the environment, and Li Xueting, who is seeking dharma with a broken arm in Hui Ke, are all treasures of China's humanistic scenery.

There are three major religions in Songshan: Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism, with Taoism rising earlier. According to legend, Prince Jin is immortal here; Bao Liang, a Taoist priest in the Western Jin Dynasty, once obtained ancient san huang documents in this stone room. Kou of the Northern Wei Dynasty once entered this mountain from Chenggong to learn Taoism, claiming that he met an old gentleman on the throne and asked him to rectify Taoism. Pan, the 11th master of Maoshan School in Tang Dynasty, lived in Xiaoyao Valley in Mid-Levels for more than twenty years. Both Tang Gaozong and Wu Zetian visited him, and Emperor Gaozong built a letter for him to show his worship of the Tang Dynasty, and built a delicate thinking courtyard on the ridge. Li Zhi, a Taoist priest in the Tang Dynasty, once lived in Shaoshi Mountain and studied Taoist classics. According to legend, it is the Yin Fu Jing written by Huangdi in Hukouyan Mountain. The famous Taoist temple in the mountains is Zhongyue Temple, which is now one of the key open Taoist temples in China and a key cultural relic protection unit in Henan Province.

Songshan Mountain is a Buddhist resort, and Shaolin Temple is its most attractive place. On the way to Shaolin Temple (of course, this route starts from Luoyang in the morning and goes straight to Dengfeng), you can stop at six places first. The quiet courtyard of the stargazing platform, the observation of Duke Zhou and the observation of stars in Guo Shoujing laid the foundation for astronomy in China. The crater left by the Japanese shelling on the east wall of Taitung reminds me of the same scar of Wanping ancient city next to Lugou Bridge. Zhongyue Temple is extremely steep and tall, and the town library is shaded by trees, which is mighty and iron. Among the painted sculptures in the two corridors, Bao Zheng, Hai Rui, Guan Yu and Yue Fei are all famous in Xianban. In Songyang Academy, the "General" got carried away and laughed crooked, and the "Second General" exploded with indignation. The pagoda of Song Yue Temple is tall and majestic, and the painting and shadow atmosphere of Fawang Temple is creepy. Everything has left a lifelong mark on people!

In ancient times, Songshan was called a "foreign party", while Xia and Shang called it "lofty". "Guoyu" called Yu's father's gun "Bo Chong Gun", hence the name "Wei Zhen". According to Ban Gu's "White Tiger Biography" in the Eastern Han Dynasty, "Yue of the Central Committee, who added the Song Emperor? Zhongyue is high in all directions, so it is also high. " The Western Zhou Dynasty was called "Moon Mountain". After Zhou Pingwang moved the capital to Luoyang, Songshan was named "Zhongyue", and it was called "Zhongyue Songshan" after the Five Dynasties.

Dayu, named Wen Ming, was the ancestor of Xia Dynasty. Before the establishment of Xia Dynasty, Yu was a tribal leader of Shun, who lived between Songshan and Jishan. "Historical Records" said: "The kings of the three dynasties are all between Heluo." Therefore, the myths and legends about Dayu's water control are all based on Songshan Mountain. According to historical records, "Yu's father's name is Kun, whale's father's name is Zhuan Xu, Zhuan Xu's father's name is Changyi, and Changyi's father's name is Huangdi." It can be seen that Yu is a descendant of the Yellow Emperor. Now people use "descendants of the Yellow Emperor" to praise the descendants of the Chinese nation. From the Yellow Emperor to Dayu, they all lived in Songshan, and they often swam on the top of Songshan.

According to legend, in ancient times, after Yan Di people moved from northwest to the middle reaches of the Yellow River, they lived in Yishui-Luoshui Valley near Songshan for a long time. One of them, with Boyi as the tribal leader and worshipping mountains, is called the Four Mountains. According to legend, the Yellow Emperor was above Songshan Mountain, enjoying ghosts and gods. During the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, four countries worshipped Songshan Mountain, namely, the descendants of Qi, Lu, Shen and Xu in April. There is a saying in The Book of Songs Gao Yao: "Gao Yao Yue Wei is extremely magnificent. Yue Wei descended to God, and he was born and blessed. , Fu,, etc. ". Press "Shen" and "Fu" to refer to Shen and Lu. According to Records of Historical Records Zhou Benji and Yizhoushu Zuopian, at the beginning of the demise of Shang Dynasty, Zhou Wuwang had planned to build cities in Iraq and Luo to get close to the "Kaaba" and ensure the destiny. "Heaven" is the imperial chamber of Songshan Mountain that the ancients thought could communicate with the gods. Later, Duke Zhou built Luoyi near Songshan Mountain as the ruling center of the Zhou Dynasty. After the demise of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Luoyi became the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. At that time, Songshan was a sacred mountain in people's minds, just like Guanzhong. For example, in the fourth year of Zuo Zhuan, Zhao Gong said, "Yangcheng, Taishi, Jingshan, Zhongnan and Kyushu are also in danger."

Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the prototype of Zhongyue Emperor in Songshan Mountain has gradually taken shape, and it is constantly becoming personalized. Although its special position in religion has given way to Daizong, the head of the five mountains, it is still one of the five mountains enshrined by the state. According to historical records, Qin Shihuang believed in immortals and once stood on Songshan Mountain to offer sacrifices to the gods. In the first year of Emperor Gaozu (1 16 BC), Fang Shigong was found to have taught the emperor the way to become immortal with a big tripod, so he was worshipped as an official and served as an immortal in Songshan Taishi. Three years later, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty visited Taishi Mountain to worship Taishi Temple, with Taishi Mountain as the highest mountain. In March of the first year of Yuanfeng (1 10 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty went to Taishan Mountain in Zhongyue again and personally led his ministers to the summit. It is said that when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty climbed the mountain, the accompanying officials heard the sound of "Long live" in the mountain. "Ask, don't say anything; Ask, don't say. " "Thinking that there is a god, the temple official will increase the ancestral temple and prohibit cutting down its trees. Take 300 households under the mountain as Gaosong County and one city. " The Long Live Pavilion was built on the mountain, and the Long Live View was built at the foot of the mountain, and this peak was named Long Live Peak. It was amazing to meet the mountain. In the first year of Emperor Gaozu's Xuan Di (6 1 BC), the imperial edict was issued, and Songshan Mountain was officially designated as Zhongyue Mountain, requiring sacrifices in previous dynasties. According to "Historical Records of Xiaowu", "I closed my meditation today, and then I came back at the age of twelve, and I went all over the five mountains and four blasphemies." In the Han Dynasty, some people went to Songshan Mountain to seek immortals and collect herbs, or meditate and recite Buddha to cure diseases and exorcise evil spirits. Liu Genzhe, a native of Yingchuan, lived in seclusion in Songshan Mountain. Good people come from afar and learn the Tao. " Therefore, with the development of fairy alchemists in Songshan, the personification of Zhongyue Emperor became more obvious.

Songshan is also a famous Taoist mountain. Baihuguan said that "Yue lives in all directions and is high, so it is called Songshan Mountain". Taoism calls it the sixth cave heaven, and its Yue God is called Zhongwang. There are seventy-two peaks in this mountain, and the top of the Song Dynasty is called Ji Junfeng. According to legend, Bao Liang, a Taoist priest in the Western Jin Dynasty, climbed this mountain into the stone chamber in the second year of Yuankang (292) and got the ancient san huang's works. In the early years of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Kou Qianzhi entered this mountain from Chenggong. Pan Shi, a Taoist priest in the Tang Dynasty, lived in the Xiaoyao Valley of this mountain. Emperor Gaozong built a temple that worshiped the Tang Dynasty, but did not set up Jingsi Academy on the ridge. He worked there as a monk for more than 20 years. Li Zhi, a Taoist priest in the Tang Dynasty, studied Taoist classics in a secluded room in this mountain and spread them to Hukouyan's Yin Fu Jing.

Du Yue Famous Mountain Records, collected Taoist scriptures, called Zhongyue Song Yueshan the king of mountains, and led tens of thousands of fairy officials and fairies to govern the country. At the end of Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin Dynasties, the formation of Taoism further expanded the belief in Zhongyue God. In the first year of Dayan (435), the Northern Wei Emperor Wu Tai built a temple in Songshan. Whenever there was a flood or drought, he ordered officials to come to the mountains to pray. In the third year of Taiping Zhenjun (442), Emperor Taizu also went to the mountain Dojo, where he recorded his driving, and the flag was all blue, in order to follow the color of Taoism. Since the emperor, every time he acceded to the throne.

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Taoism flourished and the belief system of immortals was perfect. As one of the worship gods of Taoism, Zhongyue Emperor was formally formed under the worship of the emperor. In 688, four years after Emperor Wu of the Tang Dynasty bowed his arch, Wu Zetian changed Songshan to Shen Yue, named his god as the heavenly king, and named his wife as Tian Fei. Long live the first year of Tian Tong (696), and respect the heavenly king as emperor and the heavenly spirit as queen of heaven. Change Gaosong County to "Dengfeng County" and Yangcheng County to "Gaocheng County" so that it can climb Songshan Mountain to worship the gods. From then on, Zhongyue God officially became the God Emperor and was worshipped by later generations. According to Taoist records, the sage of Zhongyue wore a yellow robe and a yellow jade crown, worshiped Zongyang and the seal god, took Huanglong, attracted 30,000 fairies, and cared for trees in mountains and valleys. In the 18th year of Tang Kaiyuan (730), Li Longji and Xuanzong, according to the story of the addition of the ancestral temple by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, still established Yue God as the king, and moved the ancestral temple to the foot of Huanggaifeng, expanding its scale and redecorating it. At that time, Li Fangyu, the county magistrate of Dengfeng, once awarded Henan 100,000 yuan to expand and repair temples and taige (Zhong Sheng Shuzhi Monument and Xiuzhong Yuemiao Temple) on a large scale.

In the first year of Song Gande (963), Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu ordered clothes and shoes to be made for Emperor Zhongyue, so as to keep consistent with the name of Taoism. Since then, the clothes of Emperor Zhongyue have been passed down to this day. The following year, more than 100 corridors of Zhongyue Temple were rebuilt, decorated by painters, painted murals and planted hundreds of pines and cypresses. According to the Records of the History of Song Dynasty, in the eighth year of Song Taizong's peaceful rejuvenation of the country (AD 983), he was given the title of Wu Yueguo, and the Emperor Zhongyue was named "Emperor of Heaven" and the Queen was named "Zheng Ming". He also ordered the Hanlin and the ceremonial officials to elaborate the system of ceremony and coronation, decorate the gods with gifts, and then send ceremonial officials to sacrifice. In the second year of Gande (964), he stayed in Ren Zhongxue, Henan Province, and sent Sun, the army general, and Guo Wu, the general of Dengfeng Town, to supervise the repair of Zhongyue Temple. In the sixth year (10 13), Dazhong Xiangfu Temple was added, with 150 monuments and 470 statues, and the old and new merit walls were decorated, which can be described as the heyday of the history of Zhongyue Temple (Chen Zhiwei's "Addition of Zhongyue Zhongtian Chongsheng Temple"). During the Jingkang period (A.D.1126-1127), most temples and temples collapsed. From 14 year (1 174) to 18 year (1 178), Jin Dading spent 14962 yuan, employed 48362 people and rebuilt. There were more than 750 temples in the early Yuan Dynasty, but most of them were destroyed by fire in the late Yuan Dynasty, leaving only 100 temples.

In the eighteenth year of Ming Chenghua (1482), it was rebuilt. Forty-one years of Jiajing (1562), ten years of Qing Shunzhi (1653), thirteen years (1656), fifteen years of Qianlong (1750) and fifteen years (1760). Today, Zhongyue Temple basically retains the grand scale at that time, with the scale pattern and style characteristics of government buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

The world says that Songshan Mountain is full of sacred places, which have been hidden for generations. According to the Song Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty met nine immortals in Shengfeng and scattered immortals in eight caves in huixianfeng. According to Song Shan Zhi's records, Tang Gaozong swam in Phoenix Peak, and Emperor Qianlong opened up the Imperial Road of Dengsong. Song Yue's "Ghost Valley Building", "White Crane View", "Xianyou Gate", "Seeking Truth Gate" and "Chongfu Palace" all have traces of immortals. According to Shuo Song, during the Warring States Period, there was a Wang Xu, nicknamed Guiguzi, who went to Yunmeng Mountain to collect herbs since childhood. He is beautiful and handsome, and he has longed for the scenery of Songshan for a long time. He went there happily and preached on the spot. The cave where Guiguzi lived in the northeast of Observatory was later called Guiguzhai.

According to Seven Stars Cloud, Li Xian, a Schumann, was an alchemist at Sanhe Peak in Taishi Mountain. I don't know his name, but I have seen it all over the world. He was 800 years old at that time, so he was named Li Babai. After the death of his immortal, he built a view called "White Crane View". "Seven Trillions" Volume 5 "Mr. Xuan Pan of Zhongyue Style" said: "The Taoist priest of Zhongyue was once a heavenly teacher, later called Mr. Pan, a famous teacher, and respected the emperor in Zhaozhou. Less mourning, squatting at the tomb, and even filial piety. " "When the great cause of the Sui Dynasty entered the Tao, Wang Xianbo lived in Taishi Xiaoyao Valley for 20 years, but only chewed pine leaves and drank water." Every time Emperor Emperor Gaozong lost weight, he invited Lu Jing. Mr. Gao could not leave the hall and took over. Ask me, and I will answer that there are many pine trees in Qingquan Mountain. The emperor and the marquis of Wu respected him. They stayed in a hotel and then returned. Find a place to live, create a view of worshipping Tang, and don't set up a temple on the ridge to take care of it. I appointed Feng Tianguan, ordered a special gate named Xianyou Gate to be opened at Yaogukou, and then I set up a realistic gate in the north of the garden. "

According to the Records of Songshan Mountain, Kou in the Northern Wei Dynasty, Li Daohe in the Tang Dynasty, Dong Daokun in the Song Dynasty and Qiu Changchun in the Jin Dynasty all presided over the Dojo in Chongfu Palace in Songshan Mountain. In addition, Wei Chenggong, Jin Baojing, Tang Sima, Wu Jun, Li Zhi, etc. They all practiced in Songshan, among which Kou and Tang Lizhi had the greatest influence. Kou (365-448), the word auxiliary truth. His ancestral home was Shanggu Changping (now Beijing), and later he lived in Fengyi (now Tongbei, Shaanxi) for ten thousand years. In his early years, he devoted himself to Buddhism and studied the art of Zhang Lu. Later, he entered the mountains with Cheng Gongxing and practiced for seven years, and his reputation gradually rose. At that time, the Taoist organizations in northern Shi Tian were scattered, the precepts were abandoned, and the folk Taoist uprisings continued; Buddhism gradually took root and flourished in China, and the dispute between Buddhism and Taoism became increasingly fierce. In order to maintain the social status of Taoism and compete with Buddhism, it is urgent to get rid of some disadvantages of being attacked. Kou Qianzhi was the first person to undertake this responsibility, and he was determined to reform Taoism in Shi Tian. In his book "Reciting the precepts of new subjects in the clouds", he announced new subjects and cleaned up Taoism. In Lu Tu Zhen Jing, ghosts and gods are called to teach disciples. With the support of Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty, his reform of Taoism was successful.

Besides, Songshan Mountain is also the birthplace of Huang San Classic, Wuyue Zhenjing and Yin Fu Classic, all of which are very important in the history of Taoist classics. According to Huang San's Seven Trillions of Yun Qi, the classics taught by ancient Huang San are divided into three volumes: Emperor, Rehmannia and Ren Huang. Regarding the history of Huang San Jing, Huang San Jing said: "When Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty was in power, there was Bao Jing in Jinling, who was a prefect, but he was not good at fairy tales. In February of the second year of Jin Yuankang (292), he went to Songshan to study in the stone room. Suddenly, he saw three ancient emperors, all of whom were carved with stones. However, there was no teacher at that time, and the beauty was 400 according to law. Since the alliance, it was later passed on to Ge Zhichuan, and the branch was passed down from generation to generation. As for today. " Bao Liang, whose words are too mysterious, is from the East China Sea and is Ge Hong's father-in-law. According to Hong Guangming's Joule Theory, during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Baoliang's Huang San Classic was punished. It can be seen that Huang San Jing was written by Bao Jing. The main content of Huang San Jing is the symbol of "calling ghosts and gods illegally" and the "prototype" technique of deifying thoughts.

As for the origin of the true pictures of the Five Mountains, according to the Biography of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Fang Shilu, a female student at the end of the Han Dynasty, was collecting herbs in Songshan Mountain, and met a goddess who claimed to be a goddess for three days, gave the true pictures of the Five Mountains and told her to use them sparingly. It is said that the map "can conquer the five mountains and serve the gods." This picture is actually a bird's eye view of the alchemist's field investigation of the mountain, and it is a guide to the mountain. Later, it was mythologized with the rune of the old gentleman, thinking that it had the function of protecting the body.

Yinfu Jing is also called Huangdi Yinfu Jing. According to the Xuanyi of Li Mu's Biography of Yin Fu, Li Zhi, a famous Taoist priest in Shaoshi Mountain, got the Yellow Emperor's Yin Fu Sutra on the Hukou Cliff of Songshan Mountain, with the title "Famous Mountain in front of Taoist Wei's mouth". "Yin character" means the unity of heaven and man. This book is divided into three chapters. The first chapter, "Immortal Embracing and Performing", expounds the truth of "the unity of heaven and man is the foundation of all changes" with the theory of yin and yang and five elements. The novella "The Act of Protecting the People by Enriching the Country" points out that the relationship between the theft of everything by heaven and earth and the theft of everything by everyone is "more stealing", and emphasizes that it is necessary to change the situation and strengthen the bow to support life; The next chapter, Qiang Bing's achievements, explains that learning Taoism should be reposed and cultivated, which is in line with heaven, and "heaven cannot be violated", so as to live a long life. In Yin Fu Jing Zhu, Li Zhi expounded Taoism with the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, which contains simple dialectical thoughts, and has a certain position not only in the history of Taoist thought, but also in the history of China philosophy.

Songyang Academy, a typical representative of the three religions culture, is located at the southern foot of Taishi Mountain. Its typical architecture, which integrates Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, is hidden in Maolin Xiuzhu, and is known as "the land surrounded by mountains and rivers, and there is no place that is not polluted by Vatican dust". Yang Academy, formerly known as Buddhist Temple, was founded in the eighth year of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (484), with hundreds of monks. At the beginning of the 7th century, Emperor Yangdi changed Brahma Temple to Taoist Temple and named it Songyang Temple. Taoism continues to develop on the basis of integrating Buddhism. In the early years of Tang Tianbao (742), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty built a view of sealing heaven here. Later, due to the transfer of Taoist venues, Confucianism settled here again. In the Five Dynasties, Songyang and Tianfeng were combined into one academy, which was called "Taiyi Academy". Song Taizong called it "Tai Shi Guan". In the second year of Song Renzong Jingyou (1035), it was renamed as "Songyang Academy", where a dean was set up to take charge of affairs, and 100 mu of school land was allocated to pay tuition fees. Since then, Songyang Academy has become a typical representative of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism, and it is a historical witness of the mutual influence and integration of literati and scholars.

The rules of Songyang Academy are completely different from the temple view. Although the academy does not highlight the main hall dedicated to the gods, it absorbs the worship of ancestors from Taoism, and the main hall enshrines saints related to the academy. The existing buildings have largely preserved the Qing Dynasty. Today, it has become a historical site, where you can see precious cultural relics and monuments that have gone through hundreds or even thousands of years, such as the general cypress in Han Dynasty and the stone tablet in Tang Dynasty. In the first year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 1 10), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty visited the mountains and saw three cypress trees that were tall and lush, like mighty and tall generals. He was greatly interested and named them General, Second General and Third General. Today, the general cypress and the second general cypress are preserved, and the third general cypress was destroyed by the fire in the late Ming Dynasty. Amin poet Chen Fei eulogized "Song of Three Generals": "Songyang Palace was sheltered by the poor, and the immortal trace was sealed in Hanwu. The slippery rain and frost are wrapped in six hugs, and Lingxiao is beautiful. "

Stone tablets are widely distributed cultural relics in Songshan Mountain. The existing stone tablet on the southwest lawn of Yang Academy, nine meters high, is the largest stone tablet in existence. The monument system is grand and compact. This monument consists of a monument head, a monument body and a monument base. The monument is divided into three layers, the upper layer is a plain girdle with treasure balls, and there is a capuchin lion on both sides of each treasure ball. The lion holds the orb with its forepaws, pushes its hind feet on the pedestal of the orb, and kisses the orb with its lips, which is really wonderful. This is not only a decoration, so that the monument head will not appear monotonous, but also plays a practical role in balancing the center of gravity of the monument top, making the monument solid and stable. The middle layer of the monument head is wider than the upper layer, the lower layer and the monument body, with four sides protruding 60 cm from the monument body, gradually shrinking from top to bottom, slightly arc-shaped, with relief and large moire on it; The first three floors of the monument are straight up and down, and the street is engraved in the middle. There are embossed double dragons flying on both sides of the front, and embossed Kirin on both sides. This kind of stele head is much more unique than the one with a panlong or semi-circular top, which symbolizes that it is walking on clouds and Long Zaitian, and its momentum is particularly grand. The inscription is written by Li Suo, and the font is eight-part essay, which is neat, vigorous, moderate and unique. Inscriptions of Ouyang Yongshu and tourists are written on the back and side of the monument. The pedestal is rectangular, with carved stones on four sides, the front three and the back three, two on each side and ten * * *. There is a relief warrior statue in each room, holding fish, toads, snakes and other animals in one hand, with different images, but all of them are glaring and protruding abdomen, making a T-step or fighting posture. This tablet was inscribed in Tianbao period of Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (744). The stone is hard and delicate, and the carving is extremely exquisite. It is one of the outstanding masterpieces of China Tang Dynasty Monument. There are more than 2,000 inscriptions on Songshan Mountain, and great calligraphers such as Yan Zhenqing, Su Dongpo, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Jing left Mo Bao on the mountain.