(1) Bladder-ureter reflux: Double J tube has bidirectional drainage function. After using double J tube, the anti-reflux mechanism of bladder and ureter disappears, and the bladder pressure is greater than the renal pelvis pressure, which causes urine reflux. Postoperative catheter should be kept unobstructed, antibiotics should be used routinely, and patients should be encouraged to urinate more after pulling out the catheter, so that the bladder is in an empty state. Use with caution for patients with lower urinary tract obstruction. Infection: The existence of double J-tube increases the urine reflux rate in bladder and ureter, which leads to retrograde infection of kidney. After catheterization, the urine is continuously drained, and the filling stimulation of the renal pelvis and ureter cone is lost, which leads to the obvious weakening or disappearance of ureteral peristalsis and the increase of urine reflux rate. Therefore, we should avoid bladder overfilling and prevent abdominal pressure from increasing. When infection occurs, antibiotics should be used reasonably to control infection, and the infusion volume should be increased to supplement nutrition.
(2) double j-tube moving up: it is the most common complication in the application of double j-tube, and the treatment is relatively complicated. The reasons may be that the lower end of double j-tube is inserted into the bladder too little, the lower segment is not bent enough, the bladder and ureter reflux peristalsis and the double j-tube stimulates bladder contraction, and the double j-tube is slowly retracted and moved upward. When withdrawing from the inner core after placing the double J tube, withdraw the lower double J tube upward from the bladder.
(3) The double J-tube moves down to the bladder: the operator is worried that the length of the double J-tube placed in the bladder is not enough, and the double J-tube placed at the renal pelvis end is too short. And because of the patient's activity and gravity factors, the double J tube moves down and falls off into the bladder.
(4) Double J tube was not placed in bladder. The double J tube has a certain resistance when passing through the interwall section, and has a sense of breakthrough after entering the bladder, and continues to be placed for 4 ~ 5 cm.
(5) Penetration outside the ureter or into the submucosa of ureter and bladder is usually caused by violence.
(6) There were obvious symptoms of low back pain, hematuria and bladder irritation after catheterization, and the patient was not adapted to the double J tube, or the double J tube was too hard in texture and too large in diameter. Poor placement of double J tube (the lower end is too long to cross the bladder midline, or the upper end of the catheter is too high to the renal calices) and long placement time of double J tube.
after pulling out the double J tube, the symptoms were relieved.
(7) Double J-tube stones are related to long-term indwelling and poor quality.
(8) The double J tube is twisted or blocked. Mostly due to improper placement or blood clots.