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History of acupuncture and moxibustion
What are the records of acupuncture in history? Acupuncture originated in China and has a long history.

According to historical records, acupuncture and massage originated from the clan commune system about 40 thousand years ago. In ancient times, people were accidentally hit by some sharp and hard objects, such as stones and thorns, and the accidental pain was relieved.

The ancients began to consciously stab some parts of the body with some sharp stones or artificially puncture the body to make it bleed, so as to alleviate the pain. It has been mentioned many times in ancient books that the original tool of acupuncture and moxibustion is bian stone, which is called bian stone.

This kind of stone appeared in the Neolithic Age about 8,000 to 4,000 years ago. Acupuncture therapy is a part of Chinese medical heritage and a unique national medical method in China. Equivalent to the late clan commune system, people have mastered the digging and grinding technology, and can produce some exquisite stone tools suitable for piercing the body to treat diseases. This kind of stone tool is the oldest medical tool.

People use bian stone to pierce a certain part of the body to treat diseases. At that time, bian Shi was mostly used for incision and drainage of suppurative infection in surgery, so it was also called needle stone. It can be said that bian stone is the foundation and predecessor of later knife needle tools.

In the process of using fire, people find that the pain in a certain part of the body can be relieved by burning and roasting, and then learn to use animal skin or bark to wrap hot stones and sand for local hot ironing, and gradually develop to burn branches or hay to treat diseases. After a long period of exploration, we chose the flammable mugwort leaf with the function of warming meridians and dredging collaterals as the main material of moxibustion, and warmed the local part of the body surface, making moxibustion as an important method of disease prevention and treatment as acupuncture.

Because Artemisia argyi leaves are easy to burn, fragrant, rich in resources and easy to process and preserve, they later became the most important raw material for moxibustion. Acupuncture gradually developed into acupuncture, and heat gradually developed into moxibustion, which is the predecessor of acupuncture therapy.

Acupuncture has a long history in China.

According to textual research, the legend of its origin can be traced back to the clan commune system in the primitive society of China. Fu Xishi "tastes a hundred herbs and makes nine stitches."

The real birth time should be the Neolithic Age, and there is stone carving therapy in Su Wen of Neijing, which was originally used for pricking pus, pricking collaterals and bleeding-this is the origin of acupuncture.

From the Warring States to the Qin and Han Dynasties, the theoretical system of acupuncture and moxibustion was formed with the maturity of Neijing as a symbol. Neijing includes Suwen and Lingshu, among which Lingshu contains more abundant and systematic acupuncture theory, so Lingshu is also called Needle Sutra.

Introduction to the development of acupuncture theory system—

During the Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties, The Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion A and B compiled by Huangfu Mi became the earliest and relatively complete acupuncture work, which was another summary of acupuncture after the Classic of Internal Medicine and played a role in connecting the past with the future.

During the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Wang designed two bronze statues of acupuncture.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Yang Jizhou completed acupuncture and listed the category of "strange points" in the acupoints.

In modern times, after the Opium War, acupuncture suffered serious setbacks.

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What are the three summaries in the history of acupuncture development? (1) The initial period of acupuncture theory system.

This stage is mainly a preliminary understanding of acupuncture knowledge through personal clinical practice, about before the book Huangdi Neijing came out. Representative physicians are legendary Qi Baishi, Gao Bo and Yu Shao, as well as famous doctors Yi Slow and Yi He in the Spring and Autumn Period. From 65438 to 0973, there were two kinds of ancient documents about meridians: Foot-arm Eleven-pulse Moxibustion Sutra and Yin-yang Eleven-pulse Moxibustion Sutra. Among them, the distribution, symptoms and moxibustion methods of the eleven meridians are discussed, which is the earliest existing acupuncture literature and reflects the early face of the understanding of the meridian system.

(B) The establishment period of acupuncture theory system

Mainly from the Warring States to the Qin and Han Dynasties, the book Huangdi Neijing was marked. Huangdi Neijing takes Yin and Yang, five elements, viscera, meridians, qi and blood, and body fluid as the main contents, and discusses the physiology and pathology, diagnosis and treatment methods and principles of the human body as a whole, thus laying a theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine. Among them, meridian circulation, diseases, acupoints, acupuncture methods, indications and contraindications are also discussed in detail. In particular, Lingshu has a lot of space devoted to acupuncture theory and clinical treatment, so it is called Acupuncture Meridian, which marks the basic formation of acupuncture theory system. The 81 Difficult Classics of Huangdi, a Han book in this period, takes the elucidation of Huangdi Neijing as its gist, in which the discussion of the eight strange meridians and vitality supplements the shortcomings of Huangdi Neijing. At the same time, Ba Hui point is put forward, and the theory and application of Wushu point are explained in detail with the theory of five elements. The lost Tang Ming Confucius and Zhi Yao should be a monograph on acupoints in this period. Huatuo also studied acupuncture and established "Huatuo Jiaji Point". Zhang Zhongjing founded the differentiation of six meridians in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and also recorded many acupuncture prescriptions in Treatise on Febrile Diseases, advocating the combination of acupuncture and medicine and syndrome differentiation and treatment. These achievements have enriched the development of acupuncture.

(3) the academic development period of acupuncture and moxibustion.

In Wei Gan Lu (AD 256-260), Huangfu Mi in Wei and Jin Dynasties combined the acupuncture contents of Su Wen, Ling Shu and Tang Ming Kong Xueyao into one book.

The Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion contains the names, locations and acupuncture methods of 349 acupoints, summarizes and discusses the acupuncture treatment of various diseases and syndromes, and becomes the earliest existing acupuncture monograph, which is another summary of acupuncture after Huangdi Neijing and plays a role in the history of acupuncture development. During the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, with the deepening of acupuncture clinical practice, many clinicians and acupuncture monographs appeared. For example, "Elbow Backup Emergency Prescription" written by Ge Hong, a famous doctor in Jin Dynasty, contains a total of acupuncture prescriptions 109, including 99 moxibustion prescriptions, which greatly promotes the clinical application of moxibustion. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, acupuncture developed greatly. In the early Tang Dynasty, acupuncture has become a specialized subject, with titles such as "acupuncturist" and "master of moxibustion". Zhen Quan and Sun Simiao from Sui Dynasty to early Tang Dynasty were both great physicians who were proficient in various disciplines of Chinese medicine, and they also made outstanding achievements in acupuncture. Needle Prescription, Needle Classic Banknotes, Tang Ming Tu (all lost), etc. During the Zhenguan period (AD 627-649), the Tang Dynasty organized Zhen Quan and others to revise the Ming Dynasty's picture classics, which shows the importance attached to acupuncture at that time. Sun Simiao extensively collected the experience and personal experience of the previous generation of acupuncturists in "Prepare for a Thousand Women" and drew "Three Figures of Tang and Ming Dynasties", in which the front, side and back the twelve meridians of the human body are marked with five colors, and the eight strange meridians are marked with green, making it the earliest colored meridian in history. He also created the "Ashi point". The Tang Dynasty was the beginning of the establishment of the national acupuncture education system. Tang Tai Medical Department is in charge of medical education, and has the specialty of acupuncture, including "one doctor of acupuncture, one assistant professor of acupuncture, ten bachelors of acupuncture, twenty bachelors of acupuncture and twenty students", which lays the foundation for the standardized education of acupuncture.

The History of Acupuncture and Moxibustion originated in China with a long history.

Legend has it that acupuncture originated in the period of three emperors and five emperors. It is said that Fuxi invented acupuncture, and he "tasted hundreds of kinds of medicines and made nine needles" (Huangfu Mi, a physician in the Eastern Han Dynasty, recorded it in the Emperor's Century). According to the ancient documents "Shan Hai Jing" and "Neijing", it is recorded that carbuncle was punctured by a stone hairpin. Mencius said that "seven years of illness, three years of love", and according to the historical relics dug up in various parts of China today, "acupuncture therapy" originated in the Stone Age.

At that time, when people were suffering from some kind of pain or discomfort, they would unconsciously pat and pat with their hands, and even press the painful and uncomfortable parts with sharp stone tools to alleviate or disappear the original symptoms. The earliest needle Bian Shi appeared. With the continuous development of ancient wisdom and social productivity, needles gradually developed into bronze needles, iron needles, gold needles and silver needles, as well as stainless steel needles that are still in use today. According to legend, Fuxi, the ancestor of Chinese civilization, was the inventor of acupuncture and moxibustion in traditional Chinese medicine.

Fu not only painted eight diagrams, tied ropes into nets and taught people to hunt in the wild, but also "tasted hundreds of medicines and made nine needles" (recorded in Tao Te Ching by Huangfu Mi in the Eastern Han Dynasty) and "tasted grass and made borders" (recorded in Tao Shi in the Southern Song Dynasty). Bian Shi is Bian Shi, the earliest acupuncture of the Chinese nation.

The origin of moxibustion is closely related to the discovery and use of behavior. When the body is uncomfortable, it can be relieved by baking, and then moxibustion with various branches is gradually developed into moxibustion. Acupuncture treatment method is formed in a long historical process, and its academic thought is gradually improved with the accumulation of clinical medical experience.

1973 medical silk books unearthed from Mawangdui No.3 tomb in Changsha include Moxibustion Sutra of Eleven Veins in Foot and Arm and Moxibustion Sutra of Eleven Veins in Yin and Yang, which discuss the circulation distribution, symptoms and moxibustion treatment of eleven veins and form a complete meridian system. Huangdi Neijing is the earliest and most complete classic of traditional Chinese medicine in the existing literature, which has formed a complete meridian system, including the twelve meridians, fifteen collaterals, the twelve meridians, the twelve meridians, specimens related to the meridian system, nodules, strange streets, four seas and so on. Especially in Lingshu Jing, acupoints, acupuncture methods, acupuncture indications and contraindications are discussed in detail.

Following Neijing, the theory of acupuncture and moxibustion was supplemented and perfected by Bian Que, an imperial doctor in the Warring States Period. Huangfu Mi, a medical scientist in Jin Dynasty, devoted himself to the study of Neijing and other works, and wrote an acupuncture classic. This book comprehensively discusses the theory of zang-fu organs and meridians, develops and determines 349 acupoints, discusses the positions, indications and operations of acupoints, and introduces acupuncture methods and the treatment of common diseases, which is the second summary of acupuncture.

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, with the prosperity of economy and culture, the academic research of acupuncture and moxibustion also developed greatly. Sun Simiao, a medical scientist in the Tang Dynasty, drew a three-person color map of Tang Ming in his book "For Urgent Use", and put forward the selection and application of Ashi point. Wang, a famous acupuncturist in Song Dynasty, compiled the Atlas of Acupuncture at Tongren Acupoints, verified 354 acupoints, and carved the whole book on a stone tablet for learners to copy and print. He also cast two bronze models, with meridians and acupoints carved on the outside and viscera built in, as intuitive teaching AIDS for acupuncture teaching and examination for acupuncturists, which promoted the development of acupuncture.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Hua Boren called the twelve meridians, Ren and Du meridians as fourteen meridians for the first time, which was very helpful for future generations to study meridians. The Ming Dynasty was the heyday of the academic development of acupuncture, with a large number of famous doctors, and the theoretical research of acupuncture was gradually deepened. There are also a large number of acupuncture monographs, such as The Complete Collection of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Collection of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, and four acupuncture monographs, especially Yang Jizhou's Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, which collected acupuncture works before the Ming Dynasty and summarized clinical experience. It is an important reference book for future generations to learn acupuncture and moxibustion, and it is the third summary of acupuncture and moxibustion.

From the early Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, acupuncture medicine gradually went from prosperity to decline. In A.D. 1742, Janice and others wrote The Golden Mirror of Medical Zong, and its Acupuncture Essentials not only inherited the acupuncture gist of predecessors, but also carried it forward. The whole article is songs and pictures, which has been a compulsory content for medical students in Qingtai Hospital since A.D. 14.

In the late Qing Dynasty, the feudal rulers headed by Daoguang flagrantly banned the use of acupuncture in imperial hospitals on the absurd grounds that "acupuncture with fire is not suitable for monarchs". 1840 After the Opium War, imperialism invaded China, and the rulers at that time tried their best to discriminate against and eliminate Chinese medicine, and acupuncture was even more devastated.

Nevertheless, due to the popularity of acupuncture in treating diseases, it is still widely circulated among the people. Li Xuechuan, a famous acupuncturist, wrote "Acupuncture as the Source" in A.D. 18 17, emphasizing the importance of selecting acupoints based on syndrome differentiation and paying equal attention to acupuncture and medicine, and completely enumerating 36 1 acupoints, which are still used in acupuncture textbooks.

During the Republic of China, * * * ordered the abolition of Chinese medicine. Many acupuncturists set up acupuncture societies, published acupuncture books and periodicals, and carried out acupuncture correspondence education in order to preserve and develop acupuncture scholarship, a treasure of China medical culture. Mr. Cheng Dan 'an, a famous modern acupuncturist, has made lifelong contributions to the revitalization of acupuncture and moxibustion. During this period, the revolutionary base area led by China clearly advocated the study and application of acupuncture to treat diseases, and opened an acupuncture clinic in Yan 'an Bethune International Peace Hospital, which initiated the formal entry of acupuncture into general hospitals.

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, we have attached great importance to inheriting and carrying forward the medical heritage of the motherland, formulated the policy of traditional Chinese medicine, and adopted a series of measures to develop the cause of traditional Chinese medicine, which has made acupuncture medicine unprecedentedly popularized and improved. In the early 1950s, the Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, the predecessor of the Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, was first established.

Subsequently, acupuncture research, medical treatment and teaching institutions were established all over the country. Since then, acupuncture has been included as a compulsory course for students in Chinese medicine colleges, and most Chinese medicine colleges have opened acupuncture majors, and a large number of acupuncture talents have emerged. Over the past 40 years, a large number of ancient acupuncture books have been reprinted, sorted out and annotated on the basis of inheritance. Combined with the clinical experience and scientific research achievements of modern doctors, a large number of academic monographs and papers on acupuncture were published, and the Chinese Acupuncture Society was established, and academic exchanges were very active.

Acupuncture has a long history in China. Acupuncture originated in China and has a long history. Legend has it that acupuncture originated in the period of three emperors and five emperors. It is said that Fuxi invented acupuncture, and he "tasted hundreds of kinds of medicines and made nine needles" (Huangfu Mi, a physician in the Eastern Han Dynasty, recorded it in the Emperor's Century).

Acupuncture therapy was first seen in Huangdi Neijing published during the Warring States Period. Huangdi Neijing said: "Cold is full of diseases, so moxibustion is appropriate", which refers to moxibustion, in which the shape of nine needles is described in detail and the theory and technology of acupuncture are described in great quantities. Acupuncture has been popular in China for more than two thousand years and spread all over the world. Acupuncture appeared earlier.

Huangdi Neijing is the earliest and most complete classic of traditional Chinese medicine in the existing literature, and it has formed a complete meridian system, including the twelve meridians, Fifteen Collaterals, the twelve meridians, the twelve meridians, specimens related to the meridian system, nodules, strange streets, and the four seas. The acupoints, acupuncture methods, acupuncture indications and contraindications are also discussed in detail.

What is the development history of acupuncture in traditional Chinese medicine? Acupuncture is a clinical discipline that uses acupuncture to prevent and treat diseases under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory. It is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine, including meridians, acupoints, acupuncture methods and clinical treatment.

Acupuncture has the advantages of wide indications, exact curative effect, convenient operation, economy and safety. It has been deeply welcomed by the working people for thousands of years and has made great contributions to the prosperity of the Chinese nation.

Acupuncture is a kind of medicine created and developed by working people and medical scientists in China in the long-term struggle against diseases. It has a long history, and its origin has been difficult to test. However, the exploration of literature records, unearthed cultural relics and social development laws has sprouted long before the emergence of characters.

According to uncle ling. "Nine needles and twelve apostrophes" says: "If you want to avoid poisoning, you don't want to use Bian Shi, but you want to use microneedles to dredge its meridians and regulate its qi and blood ..." It can be seen that the predecessor of acupuncture is Bian Shi. With the development of metallurgical technology, needles are constantly improved. It was not until the work of Neijing that the ancient stone needles, bone needles and bamboo needles were replaced by metal needles such as copper needles, gold needles and silver needles. It was not until modern times that it was improved into a stainless steel needle.

After the discovery and use of fire, people find that a certain part of the body is baked by fire and feel comfortable or relieved. After long-term practice, moxibustion has developed from various branches of moxibustion to moxa stick moxibustion, forming moxibustion. With the progress of medicine, it developed into a variety of moxibustion methods.

Due to the gradual reform of acupuncture equipment and materials, the scope of acupuncture treatment has been expanded, the therapeutic effect has been improved, and the development of acupuncture science has been effectively promoted.

The development of acupuncture has gone through a long process. Huangdi Neijing has made a detailed discussion on meridians, acupoints, acupuncture methods and applicable contraindications, among which Lingshu contains more abundant and systematic acupuncture theory, which laid a theoretical foundation for the academic development of acupuncture in later generations.

The Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion A and B written by Huang Pumi in Jin Dynasty is the earliest extant monograph on acupuncture and moxibustion. This book is another summary of acupuncture after Neijing, which plays a certain role in the history of acupuncture development. Since then, Wang Tao has comprehensively introduced moxibustion in the book "Tips Outside Taiwan", which has played a positive role in the popularization of moxibustion. Famous for later generations: The Acupuncture Map of Tongren Acupoints compiled by Wang of Northern Song Dynasty verified 354 acupoints. The book is carved on a stone tablet and stands in Beijing for people to learn. The following year, two bronze statues were designed and cast, which are the earliest acupuncture models in China. Hua Boren's Drama of Fourteen Classics in Yuan Dynasty, Yang Jizhou's Collection of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in Ming Dynasty, Chen Hui's Classic of Shen Ying, Xu Feng's Complete Collection of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Gao Wu's Drama of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Gathering English, Wang Ji's Query on Acupuncture and Moxibustion, and Li Shizhen's Eight Veins of Strange Classics, etc. Although there were books such as Doctor Jian Zhen and Acupuncture Integration in Qing Dynasty, there were few new ideas. The most influential of these books is Yang Jizhou's Complete Works of Acupuncture. Its rich content is another summary of acupuncture after Neijing and A-B Classic, and it is still the main reference work for learning acupuncture.

Acupuncture has developed continuously in a long history. However, due to the limitation of historical conditions, its speed is relatively slow. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the "Tai Yi Department" was set up to take charge of medical education, and acupuncture became one of the professional disciplines. There were acupuncture doctors, acupuncture assistants and acupuncture doctors engaged in educational work, which showed the importance attached to acupuncture at that time. Acupuncture developed well in Song and Yuan Dynasties, and it entered a prosperous period in Ming Dynasty. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the ruling class of the Qing Dynasty was still confined to feudal ethics. 1822 ordered Thai hospital to stop using acupuncture and abolish acupuncture department. Acupuncture began to decline. After the Opium War, imperialism invaded, set up missionary hospitals and medical schools in various places, excluded and cracked down on Chinese medicine, which made the cause of Chinese medicine decline even more and almost collapsed. However, because acupuncture is economical, convenient and effective, it is deeply welcomed by working people. Although people try to kill it, it is still widely used among the people. At the same time, people with lofty ideals all over the country have established societies and schools to train talents, which has made certain contributions to the development of acupuncture.

Since the founding of New China, due to the implementation of the Party's policy on traditional Chinese medicine, the cause of traditional Chinese medicine has been reborn, which has brought the revival and prosperity of acupuncture. Chinese medicine schools and hospitals, acupuncture specialties and specialties, and specialized research institutions have been established all over the country, and great achievements have been made in teaching, medical care and scientific research. In recent decades, scholars all over the world have generally attached importance to the study of China's acupuncture treatment principles. Through multidisciplinary cooperation, it is finally proved that acupuncture can regulate the functions of various systems of the body and enhance the disease resistance of the body.

For thousands of years, acupuncture has not only played an important role in the medical care of our people, but also spread abroad very early, and made certain contributions to the medical care of other countries. Around the 6th century AD, acupuncture medicine was introduced to North Korea, and books such as classic acupuncture A and B were used as teaching materials. In 562 AD, Wu Renzhi of our country brought pictures and acupuncture classics to Japan. In 70 1 year, Japan began to set up acupuncture department in medical education, which was well received by Japanese people. /kloc-At the end of 0/7, acupuncture spread to Europe. In addition to offering acupuncture specialties, some countries have also set up specialized institutions to study acupuncture medicine and held many international acupuncture conferences. Some provinces in China have established international acupuncture training bases and trained a large number of acupuncturists for countries all over the world. At present, acupuncture is used and studied in more than 100 countries in the world. China's unique acupuncture medicine has become a part of world medicine and will have a positive and extensive influence.

What is the history of acupuncture? Acupuncture originated in China and has a long history.

Acupuncture sprouted in the Neolithic Age. When people have some pain or discomfort, they unconsciously beat and beat with their hands, or even press the painful and uncomfortable parts with sharp stone tools, so that the original symptoms can be alleviated or disappeared, and the earliest needle-Bian Shi was born.

With the continuous development of ancient wisdom and social productivity, needles have gradually developed into bronze needles, iron needles, gold needles, silver needles and stainless steel needles that are still in use today. According to legend, Fuxi, the ancestor of Chinese civilization, was the inventor of acupuncture and moxibustion in traditional Chinese medicine.

Fu not only painted eight diagrams, tied ropes into nets and taught people to hunt in the wild, but also "tasted hundreds of medicines and made nine needles" (recorded in Tao Te Ching by Huangfu Mi in the Eastern Han Dynasty) and "tasted grass and made borders" (recorded in Tao Shi in the Southern Song Dynasty). Bian Shi is Bian Shi, the earliest acupuncture of the Chinese nation.

The origin of moxibustion is closely related to the discovery and use of behavior. When the body is uncomfortable, it can be relieved by baking, and then moxibustion with various branches is gradually developed into moxibustion. Acupuncture treatment method is formed in a long historical process, and its academic thought is gradually improved with the accumulation of clinical medical experience.

1973 medical silk books unearthed from Mawangdui No.3 tomb in Changsha include Moxibustion Sutra of Foot Eleven Veins and Moxibustion Sutra of Yin and Yang Eleven Veins, which discuss the circulation distribution, symptoms and moxibustion treatment of eleven veins and have formed a complete meridian system. Huangdi Neijing is the earliest and most complete classic of traditional Chinese medicine in the existing literature, and it has formed a complete meridian system, including the twelve meridians, Fifteen Collaterals, the twelve meridians, the twelve meridians, specimens related to the meridian system, nodules, strange streets, and the four seas. The acupoints, acupuncture methods, acupuncture indications and contraindications are also discussed in detail.

In particular, the acupuncture theory recorded in Lingshu Jing is richer and more systematic, so Lingshu is the first summary of acupuncture, and its main content is still the core content of acupuncture, so Lingshu is called Acupuncture Jing. Following Neijing, the theory of acupuncture and moxibustion was supplemented and perfected by Bian Que, an imperial doctor in the Warring States Period.

Huangfu Mi, a medical scientist in Jin Dynasty, devoted himself to the study of Neijing and other works, and wrote an acupuncture classic. This book comprehensively discusses the theory of zang-fu organs and meridians, develops and determines 349 acupoints, discusses the positions, indications and operations of acupoints, and introduces acupuncture methods and the treatment of common diseases, which is the second summary of acupuncture. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, with the prosperity of economy and culture, the academic research of acupuncture and moxibustion also developed greatly. Sun Simiao, a medical scientist in the Tang Dynasty, drew a colorful "Three Figures of Tang and Ming Dynasties" in his book "For Urgent Use", and put forward the selection and application of Ashi point.

Wang, a famous acupuncturist in Song Dynasty, compiled the Atlas of Acupuncture at Tongren Acupoints, verified 354 acupoints, and carved the whole book on a stone tablet for learners to copy and print. He also cast two bronze models, with meridians and acupoints carved on the outside and viscera built in, as intuitive teaching AIDS for acupuncture teaching and examination for acupuncturists, which promoted the development of acupuncture. In the Yuan Dynasty, Hua Boren called the twelve meridians, Ren and Du meridians as fourteen meridians for the first time, which was very helpful for future generations to study meridians.

The Ming Dynasty was the heyday of the academic development of acupuncture, with a large number of famous doctors, and the theoretical research of acupuncture was gradually deepened. There are also a large number of acupuncture monographs, such as The Complete Collection of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Collection of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, and four acupuncture monographs, especially Yang Jizhou's Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, which collected acupuncture works before the Ming Dynasty and summarized clinical experience. It is an important reference book for future generations to learn acupuncture and moxibustion, and it is the third summary of acupuncture and moxibustion. From the early Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, although acupuncture medicine gradually went from prosperity to decline, because acupuncture won the hearts of the people, there are still works such as acupuncture and moxibustion.

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, on the basis of inheritance, combined with the clinical experience and scientific research achievements of modern doctors, a large number of academic monographs and papers on acupuncture have been published, and the Chinese Acupuncture Society has also been established, with very active academic exchanges and the first "acupuncture anesthesia". The research of acupuncture and moxibustion has also developed from a single document arrangement to a systematic observation of its clinical efficacy, and combined with modern physiology, anatomy, histology, biochemistry, immunology, molecular biology and other disciplines to explore the mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment, and achieved gratifying results.

Although acupuncture originated in China, it spread to Korea, Japan and other countries as early as the 6th century. With the deepening of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, acupuncture has also spread all over the world.

In order to accelerate the wide spread of acupuncture medicine, three international acupuncture training centers have been established in China, Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing to train acupuncture talents from all over the world. From 65438 to 0987, the World Federation of Acupuncture Societies was established, which promoted the development of acupuncture.

Bian Shi and Acupuncture Traditional acupuncture therapy originated in Bian Shi. Stone bian is a kind of sharp stone, which is mainly used to cut carbuncle, reduce swelling, drain pus and bleed blood, and use it to treat diseases. It can be said that it is the earliest medical tool, and it is also recorded in ancient books in China. For example, Neijing said, "In the eastern region, ... all diseases are carbuncle, and its treatment is appropriate."

Shuo Wen Jie Zi also said that "stone is also used to stab diseases". It is explained in detail that bian Shi is used to treat diseases by acupuncture.

It is generally believed that the treatment of bian stone began in the Neolithic age. At that time, people had mastered the technology of beating and grinding, and could make finer stone tools.

The shape of bian stone mainly depends on its purpose. If it is used for puncture, it is made into a sword or needle, which is generally called a needle stone.

Used for cutting, made into a knife shape, commonly known as stone. This has been confirmed by unearthed cultural relics. For example, in 1963, a processed stone needle with a length of 4 was unearthed at the Neolithic site in Tongtoudaowa, Duolun, Inner Mongolia.

6 cm, the needle body is square and one end is pointed. One end is flat and semicircular, with a cutting edge, which can be used for both acupuncture and cutting.

With the wide application and practice of bian stone, people invented bone needle and bamboo needle. When we were able to burn pottery, we invented the pottery needle.

With the invention of metallurgical technology, people invented copper needles, iron needles, silver needles and gold needles, which enriched the types of needles and expanded the scope of acupuncture treatment. Heating a certain part of the human body to achieve the purpose of treating diseases is called moxibustion; Moxibustion originated from the ancients who used fire to keep warm.

People dispersed in the fire.

When did acupuncture originate in China? Acupuncture medicine first appeared in Huangdi Neijing more than 2000 years ago.

Huangdi Neijing said: "Cold is all diseases, so moxibustion is appropriate", which refers to moxibustion, in which the shape of nine needles is described in detail, and the theory and technology of acupuncture are described in great detail. Acupuncture has been popular in China for more than two thousand years and spread all over the world.

Acupuncture appeared earlier. In ancient times, people were accidentally hit by some sharp and hard objects, such as stones and thorns, and the accidental pain was relieved.

The ancients began to consciously stab some parts of the body with some sharp stones or artificially puncture the body to make it bleed to relieve the pain. It has been mentioned many times in ancient books that the original tool of acupuncture and moxibustion is bian stone, which is called bian stone.

This kind of stone appeared in the Neolithic Age about 8000 to 4000 years ago, which was equivalent to the later period of clan commune system. People have mastered the digging and grinding technology, and can make some exquisite stone tools suitable for piercing into the body to treat diseases. This kind of stone tool is the oldest medical tool. People use "bian Shi" to pierce a certain part of the body to treat diseases.

At that time, Bian Shi was more commonly used for incision and drainage of suppurative infection in surgery, so it was also called needle stone or stone. Shan Hai Jing said: "There is a stone like jade, which can be used as a needle", which is an early record of stone needles.

Stone tablets have been found in archaeology in China. It can be said that bian stone is the foundation and predecessor of later knife needle tools.

Moxibustion is produced after the discovery and use of fire. In the process of using fire, people find that the pain in a certain part of the body can be relieved by burning and roasting, and then learn to wrap hot stones and sand with animal skin or bark for local hot ironing, and gradually develop to light branches or roast hay to treat diseases.

After a long period of exploration, we chose the flammable mugwort leaf with the function of warming meridians and dredging collaterals as the main material of moxibustion, and warmed the local part of the body surface, making moxibustion as an important method of disease prevention and treatment as acupuncture. Because Artemisia argyi leaves are flammable and fragrant, rich in resources and easy to process and preserve, they later became the most important raw material for moxibustion.

"Acupuncture" gradually developed into acupuncture, and "hot ironing" gradually developed into moxibustion, which is the predecessor of acupuncture therapy.