2. Selection of flowerpot and preparation of nutrient soil:
(1) Selection of flowerpot: The earthen pot has good air permeability, is beneficial to the growth of roots, is cheap, and is most commonly used; You can also choose porcelain pots, which are beautiful but have poor permeability. The size of the basin can be determined as required. Generally, if it is placed indoors or on the balcony, it is more appropriate to choose the one with an inner diameter of 25-45 cm and a height of about 20-35 cm. If you put it on the roadside, flower beds or conference halls, you need to choose a bigger basin.
(2) Preparation of nutrient soil: The preparation of nutrient soil should be based on the requirements of pear trees for soil. Pears like fertile sandy loam and neutral soil, and generally can grow well in soil with pH of pH5.8-8.5, but the types of rootstocks used should be considered, such as Yamanashi, Li Dou and Li Du. First, the abandoned leguminous crop straws in rural areas are mixed with field soil, and piled up into granular fertile soil after about 1 year, and then mixed with 1/2 compost+1/4 garden soil+1/4 sand (or cinder) to make pot soil, and 1 is added to every cubic meter of pot soil.
3. Wash basin and wash basin:
(1) Potting: Potting is generally carried out during dormancy, especially in early spring before germination. Seedlings can grow into seedlings, semi-mature seedlings, and can also be planted directly with rootstocks. Selecting seedlings with developed roots, many fibrous roots and strong roots, placing them on a basin, covering the small holes at the basin bottom with 1-2 pieces of broken tiles or pebbles, spreading a layer of coarse sand on the basin bottom, and filling part of the basin soil; Cut the roots of the seedlings into new stubbles, spread them out, and then fill the pots with soil. When filling the soil, keep lifting the branches lightly to make the basin soil dense. Pot soil should not be too full for watering. The seedlings should be located in the center of the basin, and the root neck should be flush with the soil or slightly downward. If planted too deep, plants will grow slowly;
Too shallow, affecting survival. Water it in time after planting.
(2) Pot changing: generally, change pots every 2-3 years 1 time. It should be carried out in the dormant period of pear trees. Two days before changing the basin, water should be poured first, and then gently vibrated when changing the basin, so that the basin soil can be separated from the basin wall. Then buckle the pot down, hang the soil together with the plants, and then slowly remove the soil, retaining 20%-40% of the original pot. At this time, long roots, old roots and redundant roots should be trimmed off, and then new culture soil should be put in, and plants should be planted in the original basin or a larger basin and filled with water.
4, shaping and pruning: potted pears are for ornamental purposes, commonly used are natural round head shape, curved round head shape, loose shape, phoenix tail shape and so on. If the variety itself is a natural round head shape, such as Xing 'ai No.2 and No.3, there is no need for tough modeling. If there are many branches, pay attention to proper thinning and keep ventilation and light transmission; If individual branches stretch too long, they should be adjusted by pulling branches and shrinking branches. In order to slow down the top advantage of pear, the stone should be picked repeatedly in the growing season to improve the nutritional status of the back branches and buds and promote the development of branches and flowers. In addition, we should pay attention to reasonable fruit retention. If the load is exceeded, it will often lead to insufficient nutrition, less fruit setting or small fruit development, which will weaken the growth of the tree and make it difficult to update. It is advisable to leave 2-3 fruit branches in each short fruit branch group.
5. Fertilizer and water management: Due to the limited space in the basin, sufficient fertilizer and water supply must be ensured to ensure the normal growth, flowering and fruiting of pear trees. Pear trees began to fertilize after germination in the pot. Use fermented organic liquid fertilizer, add water 10 times or more, and apply it 7- 10 days 1 times. Foliar spraying can also be used, and 0.2%-0.3% urea solution is better in the early growth stage, and it can be sprayed for 3-4 times. Spraying 0. 1% borax at full flowering stage can improve the fruit setting rate. The fruit expansion period after flowering is also the vigorous growth period of new shoots, which requires more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed for 3-4 times to promote fruit ripening, branch enrichment and flower bud differentiation. The fertilization principle of potted pears is to apply less fertilizer, which not only prevents root burning, but also helps to fully absorb and reduce fertilizer loss. Pear leaves are sensitive to water supply and prone to drought and wilting. The water content of pear fruit is above 85%. If the water supply is insufficient, it will directly affect the fruit growth. The watering frequency in spring and autumn depends on the soil and leaves. Generally, water once every 1-2 days. In hot summer, it is advisable to water and spray the leaves before 8 am and after 5 pm every day to wash away the dust on the leaves and promote photosynthesis. In winter, the soil moisture in the basin should also be properly watered.
6. Pest control: The main disease is pear scab. The disease damages leaves, shoots and fruits. In the early stage of leaf injury, there are round, oval and irregular yellowish round spots between the main vein and the branch vein on the back of the leaf. Gradually expand, the affected part is slightly depressed, and black mold grows on it. The commonly used drugs to prevent this disease are 5% Anfu 1500 times solution, 10% vision height 4000-6000 times solution and 40% Fuxing 8000 times solution. Pear psylla is the main pest that harms pears. The control method is to spray 2.5% Kung Fu EC, 20% Misanli EC, 2.5% Baode EC, 20% Fenvalerate EC, 2.5% Fenvalerate EC and 5% Beta-cypermethrin EC with 2000 times solution before overwintering adults lay eggs. Spraying 5% beta-cypermethrin 2000 times, 30% phosphorus 1500 times and 30% cypermethrin EC 1500-2000 times in the first generation larvae after flowering.
7. Overwintering management: potted pear trees should be placed in places with stable temperature and humidity, such as corridors or empty houses without heating conditions. If you put it on the balcony, you should do a good job of cold protection. It can be wrapped in old cotton covers and wet sacks, and wrapped in plastic film for external use. When there is a small courtyard, you can also use a flowerpot with a thickness of 25-30 cm to bury it underground. It's best to put it in the cellar if possible.