The first is that both ends cut into the middle at the same time, because Juyongguan Mountain is high and the rock stratum is thick.
The second is to drill a shaft from the top of the mountain and dig at both ends, because the length of Badaling tunnel is more than 1 100 meters, which is three times that of Juyongguan.
Brief introduction of Zhan Tianyou
Zhan Tianyou (1861April 26, 2009 to1965438+April 24, 2009, English name: JemeTienYow), Han nationality, whose name is sincere as soon as possible, is Dachao. Originally from Wuyuan, Huizhou, and originally from Nanhai County, guangzhou fu, Guangdong (now No.42 Yacai Lane, Shierfu West Street, Enning Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou). 12 years old to study in the United States, 1878 was admitted to the Department of Civil Engineering of Yale University, majoring in railway engineering. He is an expert in modern railway engineering in China and is known as the first chief railway engineer in China. He is responsible for the construction of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway and other projects, and is known as "the father of Chinese railways" and "the father of modern engineering in China". 1905- 1909 presided over the construction of the first railway independently designed and built by China-Zhangjing Railway; The creation of "shaft excavation method" and "herringbone" line shocked China and foreign countries; Great achievements have been made in the planning and construction of Hu Jia, Luotong, Lu Jin, Jinzhou, Pingyi, Xinyi, Chaoshan, Yuehan and other railways. He is the author of Railway Terminology and Brief Introduction of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway Project.
Tunnel excavation case
Zhan Tianyou is an outstanding patriotic engineer in China. Under his auspices, the railway from Beijing to Zhangjiakou was successfully built for the first time. This is the first railway trunk line designed and built entirely by China engineers and technicians.
The railway from Beijing to Zhangjiakou is 200 kilometers long, which is the traffic artery connecting North China and Northwest China. At that time, as soon as the Qing government put forward the construction plan, some imperialist countries came out to obstruct it. They all want to fight for the right to build this railway and further control the northern part of our country. The imperialists refused to let people go, and the matter dragged on for a long time Finally, they put forward a condition: if the Qing government used its own engineers to build the railway, they would stop asking. They thought that with such a threat, the railway could not be started, and finally they had to ask them for help. The imperialists got it all wrong. China had its own engineers at that time, and Zhan Tianyou was one of them.
1905, the Qing government appointed Zhan Tianyou as the chief engineer to build the Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway. When the news came out, it sensationalized the whole country. Everyone says we can win a sigh of relief this time. The imperialists think this is a joke. A foreign newspaper said contemptuously, "China engineers who can build a railway north of Nankou have not yet been born." It turns out that from the south exit to the north through Juyongguan to Badaling, there are mountains, deep streams and cliffs all the way. They think that famous foreign engineers dare not try such a difficult project easily, and as for China people, they can't finish it anyway.
Zhan Tianyou, not afraid of difficulties and ridicule, resolutely accepted the task and immediately began to survey the line. Where to cut mountains, where to build bridges, where to level steep slopes and where to reduce curvature all need to be investigated and carefully calculated. Zhan Tianyou often encourages the staff, saying, "Our work must be accurate first, and we can't be a little sloppy. The expressions' probably' and' almost' should not come from engineers. " He personally took students and workers, carried benchmarks and theodolite, fixed points on the cliff, surveying and mapping. The Great Wall is often windy and dusty, and if you are not careful, you are in danger of falling into a deep valley. No matter how bad the conditions are, Zhan Tianyou always insists on working in the wild. During the day, he climbed mountains and surveyed routes; In the evening, he paints and calculates under the oil lamp. In order to find a suitable route, he often asks local farmers. When encountering difficulties, he always thought: This is the first railway built by China people themselves, and it must be built; Otherwise, it will not only make foreigners laugh, but also make engineers in China lose confidence.
The railway has to pass through many high mountains, so it is necessary to dig tunnels, among which Juyongguan and Badaling tunnels are the most arduous projects. Juyongguan Mountain is high and the rock stratum is thick, so Zhan Tianyou decided to adopt the method of simultaneous excavation from both ends to the middle. The spring water at the top of the mountain seeped downward, and the tunnel was full of mud. There was no water pump on the construction site, so Zhan Tianyou took the lead in carrying buckets to drain water. He often eats and lives with the workers and never leaves the construction site. Badaling Tunnel is over 1 100 meters long, which is three times as long as Juyongguan Tunnel. He discussed with the old workers and decided to adopt the intermediate sinking method. First, a shaft was drilled from the top of the mountain, then both ends were dug, and the outer ends were also constructed at the same time, which shortened the construction period by half.
The railway passes near Qinglong Bridge, with a particularly steep slope. How can a train climb such a steep slope? Zhan Tianyou designed a herringbone line along the mountain. When the northbound train arrives at the south exit, two locomotives are used, one is pulling in front and the other is pushing back. After crossing the Qinglong Bridge, the train went northeast, crossed the fork of the herringbone line and turned upside down. The original locomotive was pulled and pushed, making the train turn to the northwest. In this way, it is much easier for the train to go up the hill.
The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was completed in less than four years, two years ahead of schedule. This incident gave a powerful counterattack to the imperialists who despised China. Today we go to Badaling by train and pass Qinglong Bridge Station. We can see a bronze statue, which is the statue of Zhan Tianyou.