After peach picking, the growth of new shoots is accelerated, and the ability to form secondary branches is strong, which is easy to cause poor indoor ventilation, increase nutrient consumption and affect flower bud differentiation, so reasonable pruning is needed. For strong branches or branches in the upper part of the crown, the strong tip can be thinned and twisted down from the base to control the length of the base. For competitive branches, sprain can be used to control their growth and promote their transformation to fruiting branches. For overlapping branches, cross branches and old and weak branches, they should be retracted in time; For too dense branches, too thin branches and useless upright branches, it is necessary to remove them in time; For upright flourishing branches with growth space, they can be pressed under the crown to slow down their growth.
2. Pruning in summer mainly includes four aspects: First, removing buds and tender shoots from germination to early growth of new shoots, so as to save nutrients. The second is to remove the heart, leaving 6-8 buds for the upright branches in early May. Secondary main branches can be cultivated in 1 year; In the middle and late June, the secondary branches with strong growth potential at the top are cut off, leaving moderate branches to form fruiting branches; When the growth potential of each main branch is unbalanced, it can weaken the growth potential of strong branches and promote the growth of weak branches. The third is pruning, that is, thinning the branches that are too dense in the hole. In July and August, the upright branches in the upper part of the crown become thinner. Fourth, twist the branches, that is, wring the vigorous upright branches dry in early and middle May to make the new shoots grow horizontally or droop, and promote the formation of fruiting branches.
Winter pruning usually begins half a month after defoliation. The main contents are: pruning the main branches and various fruiting branches, thinning and deciphering the set branches, overlapping branches, cross branches, twigs, insect branches and so on. Cultivate and renew all kinds of fruiting branches, maintain the balance between vegetative growth and fruiting, prevent premature aging of trees and prolong the life span of full fruits.
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How to trim peach trees in winter
First, the output of fruit trees is high and low, and the quality is good or bad. It is very important to trim them. According to age, growth and different fertilizers in the field, the pruning methods are different. Pruning is also a measure to adjust, control and promote the growth and fruiting of fruit trees and the transformation between senescence and regeneration according to the inherent law of fruit tree growth and development, combined with local environmental conditions and cultivation characteristics. Do a good job in shaping and pruning, so that fruit trees can achieve early maturity, high yield, stable yield and high quality, thus improving economic benefits. Reasonable pruning can not only make fruit trees grow well, but also prolong the life of economic achievements, renew and rejuvenate, delay the aging process, increase yield and overcome the years. Through shaping and pruning, three-dimensional effect can be achieved, growth can be adjusted, tree potential can be balanced, sparse density can be adjusted, illumination can be improved, and light energy can be utilized.
Second, the principles that need to be mastered during pruning should be "one look, two thoughts, three hands-on, four audits" before pruning on trees. "Take a look", look at the growth of the tree, and see whether the distribution of extended branches, lateral branches and unit branches is reasonable and how to distribute them. The main lateral branches must be arranged according to the scale angle, with a length of 40-50 cm and a maximum length of 60 cm. The long lower part should be empty, the old trees should be short, and the diseased branches, insect branches, autumn shoots and dead branches should be resolutely removed to bear fruit.
Third, young trees should be trimmed reasonably. Because of the pruning of trees, the skeleton should be cultivated. In the long run, it is necessary to make clear the priorities, widen the span and control the trees in a balanced way. Take both sides, and be prepared to keep it good. Bend and extend, slow down outward migration, the trunk length should be short rather than long, wipe weak and control strong, balance the tree potential, stand luxuriantly, adjust the angle, be backward and outgoing, plant more with less sparse, and be useful and prosperous.
Fourth, don't plant trees to prevent large-scale cutting and sawing; Do not prune with leaves to prevent nutrient waste; Don't make the big branches too dense to prevent the holes from being exposed; Don't make the big branches too thin, so as not to reduce the yield; Don't thin branches year after year to avoid weakening the strength of trees; Don't extend the branches in a straight line to prevent the skeleton from being weak; Don't cut short in rows to prevent the branches from being too dense; Don't overlap the big branches up and down to prevent them from crossing left and right; Don't let the main branch angle and the side branch angle go hand in hand, regardless of the master and slave; Don't cut the branches too big to avoid tearing the cortex.
Correct the problem as soon as possible to ensure the normal growth and fruiting of fruit trees.
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Pruning techniques of peach trees in summer
1. Bud wiping and bud removing: the useless clustered buds in the crown cavity are erased in time, and the competitive buds under the mouth are cut off. In addition to germination, when the sprouted peach shoots grow to about 5 cm, they should be erased in time. Generally, young trees are weak, which can alleviate tree vigor, improve light and save nutrients.
2. Picking the core and twisting the tip: Picking the core is to remove a twig at the top of the growing branch together with several tender leaves. This can control the elongation and growth of branches. Promote the formation of full flower buds at the lower part of branches and delay the upward movement of fruiting parts.
Twisting branches is to twist the upright tendril branches and other flourishing branches by 180 degrees, so that the upward-growing branches are twisted into downward-growing branches, thereby controlling the growth of flourishing branches, easing the tree vigor and making them full-bearing branches. If lush branches grow in twisted places, the branches can be twisted again. In addition to being selected as extension branches and their side branches, competing branches of other extension branches, back branches of backbone branches, short cut branches and flourishing branches, and flourishing branches near big wounds can all be twisted. The new shoots grow to about 30 cm and are not lignified, which is more suitable in the twisting stage. The winding part is preferably about 5- 10 cm above the base of the branch tip.
3. Pruning: Pruning peach trees in summer can be divided into two situations. (1) Short cutting of new shoots in May-June can not only improve the light condition, but also promote the extraction of two fruiting branches from the lower part, and the best short cutting length is to leave 3-5 buds at the base. ⑵ Because peach trees do not have the characteristics of secondary fruiting (that is, the fruiting branches no longer bear fruit), after the peach fruits are harvested, the fruiting branches are cut off and the two branches left at the base are used as reserve branches, which can lay a good foundation for high yield in the coming year. In this way, pruning the fruit after picking every year can not only save nutrients through ventilation and light transmission, but also effectively control the outward movement of the fruit, so that the nutrient supply is convenient and the fruit grows healthily.
Pulling branches is a key measure to relax the tree, bear fruit early and prevent the lower part of branches from being bare without branches. For large branches over 3 years old, when the branches become soft due to liquid flow in May-June, methods such as "pulling, supporting, falling and separating" can be adopted according to the requirements of tree shape. In this way, the branches can be pulled out from the middle and lower parts of the pulled branches, so as to avoid the lower parts being empty (bare legs). But when pulling branches, be careful not to pull them horizontally or sag into an arch. Otherwise, it will weaken the tip of the pulled branch, and it is easy to pull the strong branch at the back or bend, which will not achieve the purpose of pulling the branch. On the other hand, if the angle of pulling is not enough, it is still easy to produce upper strength, lower weakness and lower baldness. According to many years of practical experience, the branch pulling angle is about 80 degrees.