Distribution Pinus bungeana is a unique tree species in northern China, which is produced in Shanxi, western Henan, Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi, southern Gansu, northern Sichuan and western Hubei. In addition, it is also cultivated in southern Liaoning, Beijing, Hebei, Shandong and Jiangsu.
Bundling, pruning and bud picking of young trees
Upper basin and modeling
The pot selection of Pinus bungeana bonsai is not suitable for shallow pots. The style of the basin depends on the modeling style of the tree. Rectangular or elliptical medium-deep purple sand pots are mostly used for inclined dry type and double dry type, while square pots and hexagonal light blue glazed pottery pots are used for curved dry type. Cliff basins with deep marker pipes are usually used to set off the modeling.
Pinus bungeana has deep roots and poor soil resistance. It grows well in deep and fertile calcareous soil or loess, but cannot grow in poor drainage or stagnant water. The soil used in bonsai is generally fertile calcareous loam or deciduous soil with good air permeability.
The planting time of Pinus bungeana is the most suitable in the vernal equinox season in Beijing. Prune roots once before planting, cut off dead roots and long roots, remove about 1/2 of old soil and replace it with fertile loam. If the root of the disease is found and removed, it should be disinfected with sulfur mixture.
Modeling and posture: After the young bonsai is potted, it is necessary to continue to tie and adjust the tree shape, tie the upper branches with metal wires, and erect the tree core to make up for the shortcomings of the tree as much as possible. When there is no branch in the part to be branched, bend other branches to the part to be branched. Branches that are not needed for modeling can be removed year by year. When you go, some branches should be left with a certain length of piles, and not all of them should be sawed flat to match the tree potential. There are two taboos to pay attention to when making a movie: first. Don't line up the left and right pieces or have "shoulder poles" of different lengths; Second, avoid the film "dry face" forward. In April and May, in order to make the crown and control the extension of branches, buds should be picked according to different conditions. When the tree grows to a predetermined height, the top bud can be moved out of the base, and the lateral buds can be cultivated while picking the buds, and then the buds with strong growth potential can be picked. Slow-growing branches can quickly thicken without picking buds or lightly picking buds. ② Closing the top: The design requirements of Pinus bungeana bonsai should be natural, large but not small, not sharp, unique and refined, and let nature take its course. Achieve a vigorous and beautiful state. The terminal buds should be picked repeatedly to promote their dense growth in a certain range. ③ Root lifting: According to the requirements of potential taking, the upper part of the root should be lifted off the soil surface, and it can be placed straight or inclined. Combined with the requirements of roof closure, it should be "rainy day" and not "bareheaded and barefoot". In other words, "the head should be in pieces and the feet should be in a line." Starting means lifting the roots to "hang the roots and expose the claws" to show the ancient style.
Selection and cultivation
More seedlings can be obtained by one-time seed propagation.
When buying seedlings in the market, choose 3-year-old seedlings with developed roots, lush foliage, thick trunk and vigorous growth. One year after the seedlings are bought and planted, in March of the following year, they can make a flat shape according to the basic form of the seedlings by using the soft characteristics of their branches. When modeling, the extension of branches is considered, and at the same time, the trunk is climbed and tied with metal wires, and the trunk is coiled into an irregular "S" shape, so that its height is reduced in a "camel leaning forward" shape, and the lower branches are climbed and tied with metal wires, so that the branches are bent and drooped.
If you can, you can go to Shan Ye to dig, look for small ancient trees with short trunks and twists and turns, dig them back, plant them underground for about two years, and then process them after rejuvenation. When digging, cut off the main lateral roots properly, bring as much soil as possible, protect the hair roots and ensure survival. In Shan Ye, it is common to see several trunks from the trunk near the base. One or two stumps can be left and the rest can be sawed off. After the wound is healed and rotted, it will form a scar, which can show the ancient face of the tree. On the basis of natural form, the old pile of Pinus bungeana is made into inclined dry type, double dry type, bent dry type and stupid cliff type by cutting and binding.
Maintenance and management
Turnover root system is the basis of bonsai tree growth. If the root system has no room for development, it will affect the growth of branches and leaves, and trees will gradually decline. Therefore, we must attach importance to bacon. Pinus bungeana should be turned over once every 2-3 years to remove the old pot soil of12 and replace it with new culture soil. Small bonsai can be turned over every other year and replaced with a bigger pot. When turning the pot, remove the rotten roots and cut the long roots short, so that the roots are fully stretched and not nested. Generally, it is better to turn over the pot at the vernal equinox.
Pinus bungeana likes light and is suitable for cold climate. Bonsai should be placed in a sunny place with good air circulation. If you don't see the sun during the day and dew at night, you often die in ten days. Pinus bungeana has very fine white fibrous roots, and prefers dryness to dampness. If placed in a dry and humid environment, it is easy to rot roots and cause pests and diseases. In winter, Pinus bungeana bonsai can be placed outdoors in the leeward and sunny places and buried in pots for the winter.
Watering Pinus bungeana has strong early resistance, but it must be watered every day in dry and hot weather. The principle on weekdays is not to do it, but to water it when it is done. The soil in the basin should always be loose to ensure that the water is drained. Pinus bungeana is native to mountainous areas and likes clouds. Therefore, when watering, it is advisable to use a fine-eye watering can and sprinkle it on the leaves, so as to moisten the soil surface with dripping water. Pay attention to drainage and flood control in rainy season.
Fertilizing Pinus bungeana bonsai should not be fertilized more. If there is too much water and fertilizer, the leaves will become bigger and many crazy branches will grow, so the bonsai will be deformed and greatly inferior. However, fertilization is necessary. Generally, decomposed organic liquid fertilizer is applied once in late autumn and early winter, and 150 times of organic liquid fertilizer is applied once in late spring and early summer when new buds are growing. Fertilization must be combined with watering.
Common diseases in pest control of Pinus bungeana include pine rot and leaf blight, which can be controlled with 1000 times thiophanate. Common pests are Dendrolimus punctatus and Dendrolimus punctatus, which should be controlled with 1500 times mirex in time.
In order to increase the number of branches and make them grow more short leaves, bonsai should continue to sprout in June-July; And remove the old leaves from late September to 10; In winter, prune branches that are too messy or grow too long. For some branches whose growth position is not ideal, it is necessary to tie iron wires to make the tree shape achieve the expected purpose.