Text discussion
First, the overall grasp
This word was written in 1925. At that time, the revolutionary movement was booming. The May 30th Movement and general strikes in various provinces and ports broke out one after another, and Mao Zedong directly led the peasant movement in Hunan. At the same time, the United front of the two parties has been established, and the National Revolutionary Government has been formally established in Guangzhou. In the late autumn of this year, Mao Zedong went to Guangzhou to preside over the peasant movement workshop. During his stay in Changsha, he revisited Orange Island and wrote this word.
"Independent cold autumn, Xiangjiang North, Orange Island." Point out the time, place and specific environment. In late autumn, the lyric hero stood alone in Orange Island, watching the Xiangjiang River flow northward.
"You see all over the mountains, and all the forests are dyed; The river is full of water, and hundreds of people compete for the flow. The eagle hits the sky, the fish is shallow, and all kinds of frost fight for freedom. " A word "look" always leads to seven sentences. From a distance, the overlapping trees were dyed red. Looking closely at the Xiangjiang River, the autumn waters are green and the ships are racing. Looking up at the sky, the eagle rises. Looking down at the water, the fish swam happily. This autumn, everything in the universe is alive and can stretch freely. In these words, the poet described a colorful Qiu Jingtu he saw in Orange Island. From far to near, the dynamic and static combined to form a contrast, which provided the background and atmosphere for the following lyricism.
"Loneliness, ask the vast earth, who is in charge of ups and downs?" Faced with this vibrant world, the poet is full of thoughts and can't help asking: Who is the real master of your ups and downs on the land of vast expanse? This question shows the poet's ambition and his broad mind.
"Take hundreds of couples to travel. Recalling the past, the years are heavy. " Orange Island was once the place where poets met many revolutionary comrades, and it witnessed many extraordinary years. Visiting the old place will naturally remind the poet of his past life.
"Just classmates and teenagers, in their prime; Scholar spirit, Fang Qiu. Pointing to the mountains and rivers, inspiring words, manure was in Wan Huhou that year. " A word "check" always leads to seven sentences. Young students are full of enthusiasm, brilliant, passionate, dare to say and do, and their revolutionary fighting spirit is very strong. Facing the great rivers and mountains of the motherland, they make suggestions and make comments, often discuss state affairs together, write magnificent and clear articles, and treat the warlord rulers who dominate one side as dirt. These words vividly summarized the fighting style and heroism of early revolutionaries.
"Do you remember that you hit the water in the middle stream and the waves stopped the flying boat?" Do you remember? In those days, we went swimming in the middle of the river together. Although the wind is very strong, the waves are very urgent, and even ships are difficult to sail, we people take pleasure in fighting against the raging rapids. The end of this question is actually a clever answer to "Who is in charge of ups and downs".
The first part of this word depicts a colorful and vibrant picture of Xiangjiang River in cold and autumn, expressing immediate feelings and putting forward the question of "who owns the ups and downs of vast land". The following film recalls the eventful years in the past, and shows the heroic revolutionary spirit and lofty aspirations of poets and comrades-in-arms in order to transform old China. The image implicitly gives the answer to "Who controls the rise and fall"-it is the young revolutionaries who take the world as their responsibility, despise reactionary rulers and dare to transform the old world.
Second, the problem exploration
1? What thoughts and feelings did the poet express in this poem about autumn scenery?
In most classical poems, "autumn" is always associated with feelings such as "sadness" and "sorrow". For example, autumn sadness is the spirit, autumn wind is bleak and the weather is cool, and I have traveled three thousand miles. Sadness follows autumn "and" autumn wind and autumn rain are sad and evil ". Although this poem is about the cold autumn scenery, the poet's feelings are heroic and high-spirited. In the poet's pen, although autumn gives people a "cold" feeling, it is a thriving scene of "10,000 kinds of frost fighting for freedom". Facing the great rivers and mountains of the motherland, Mao Zedong, a young man, expressed his great ambition to change the world in another day, and issued a sigh of "Who is in charge of ups and downs in the boundless land", which injected unprecedented emotion into the scene of Cold Autumn. This is worth guiding students to draw lessons from and learn from when writing.
2? How is the characteristic of the word "scene blending" reflected?
Integrating feelings into scenery and scenes is a common expression technique in lyric poetry, that is, naturally integrating the author's thoughts and feelings into the description of scenery, and "everything is my color" (the language of Wang Guowei), rather than "two skins" for scenery writing and lyric. The first film of this word, although generally written in autumn, is all about autumn scenery in the eyes of the poet, with a distinct emotional brand of the poet. Whether it's the "Wanshan Mountain" whose leaves turn red as frost, or the scene of Xiangjiang River victorious, or the eagle fighting in the sky, the fish swimming freely in the water are all landscapes screened by the poet's eyes and refracted by the poet's eyes. Different from autumn scenery in the eyes of the ancients, these scenes are not "sad" or "sad", but a warm and gratifying scene of "all kinds of frost fighting for freedom". What the poet conveys to the readers is an optimistic mood.
The language of this word is very expressive. Where is it reflected?
This word is accurate, vivid and expressive. For example, the word "Wan" depicts the state of mountains, the word "Times" depicts the thoroughness of red, the word "Man" depicts the flooding of rivers, and the word "Fight" vividly shows the lively scene of the Qian Fan competition. Using "strike" instead of "fly" accurately shows the eagle's vigorous and soaring posture; Use "Xiang" instead of "swim" to accurately describe the pattern of fish swimming freely in the water and hovering like a bird.
About practice
First of all, read and recite the word repeatedly, and pay attention to the mood and rhythm.
Intention: accumulate famous works, improve reading level, deeply understand the ideological connotation of this word, and experience the revolutionary feelings of the poet.
Reading guide:
Before reading aloud, you can divide the rhythm, mark the pause, stress and rhyme, then imagine yourself as a young poet standing in Orange Island, facing the beautiful autumn scenery, and then recite the word. We can grasp the emotional tone of this word more deeply and understand the poet's feelings, so as to read the meaning of this word more accurately.
Second, describe the Xiangjiang autumn scenery described in this word in your own words, and see what images the poet mainly uses to express his feelings and thoughts; The next paragraph of the word turns to "recalling the past". What kind of thoughts and feelings does the poet show around "classmates and teenagers"?
Intention: By analyzing the main images in this word, guide students to master the ideological content and emotional expression of this word.
Reference answer:
The first part vividly shows the poet's optimistic attitude and great ambition towards nature and society through images such as the icy river, the weather in first frost, Wanshan (the forest is full of dye), Xiangjiang (the blue river is full of flowers), flying eagle and swimming fish (all kinds of weather in first frost compete for freedom). In the following film, the high-spirited students and teenagers are written, reprimanding Fang Qiu, inspiring words, pointing out the mountains and rivers, hitting the water in the middle, riding the waves to stop flying boats, and showing the fighting spirit of "students and teenagers" taking the world as their responsibility, transforming the old world and creating a new world.
Delta Mao Zedong is not only a great politician, but also a poet and calligrapher with distinctive personality and unique style. Enjoy Mao Zedong's poems and calligraphy works after class and exchange ideas with classmates.
Intention: to carry out extended reading. By reading Mao Zedong's other poems and appreciating his calligraphy works, we can understand the thoughts and feelings of this great man from a literary perspective.
Activity guide:
Most of Mao Zedong's poems have his own handwriting, which makes it easy to appreciate his poems and calligraphy together. When appreciating, students should feel how the lofty sentiments of Mao Zedong poets, the wildness of calligraphers and the romance of politicians are highly unified. Nowadays, many schools have opened campus networks, which can organize students to launch special discussions online, so that more students can understand Mao Zedong's poetry and calligraphy art. At the same time, it is advisable to mobilize the Chinese teachers in the school to participate in the discussion, and take this opportunity to make the campus network further become a garden for students' Chinese learning and communication.
Teaching suggestion
First, reading runs through teaching. The content of Mao Zedong's Ci is modern, but the form is traditional, which is essentially different from other texts in this unit. Formally, traditional poetry pays attention to rhyme, number of words and flatness, so it has a strong sense of rhythm. Therefore, this course should strengthen reading, so that students can better understand the thoughts and feelings of this word in reading.
Second, introduce the creative background appropriately. Through background introduction, students can better understand the theme of this poem and experience the revolutionary feelings of the poet. When you appreciate it, you don't have to compare words, you have to carry out every sentence. For example, "Dirt was in Wan Huhou in those days", which was proved by many events at that time, such as 19 15 Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor, and Mao Zedong published an anti-Yuan pamphlet to fight; 19 16 directly organized and led the movement to expel the warlord Zhang et al. from Hunan. These don't need too much practice, otherwise it will become a political diagram rather than a literary appreciation.
Third, we should pay attention to expanding reading. As the main founder of New China, Mao Zedong is no stranger to students, but Mao Zedong, a poet and calligrapher, may not be very clear to students, so we can guide students to read more Mao Zedong's poems after class, appreciate his wild calligraphy, and experience the elegance of his poet and calligrapher.
related data
I. Appreciation of Qinyuanchun Changsha (fragrant tea)
1? The mountains are everywhere, and there is a magnificent autumn scenery.
Aesthetically speaking, sublime beauty is manifested in the external aspect, which is embodied in magnificent scenes such as tall, vast, majestic and magnificent. German philosopher Kant divided sublimity into two categories: mathematical sublimity, such as the volume of mountains; The sublimity of mechanics, such as the momentum of a storm. Russian literary critic Chernyshevski also said: "One thing is much bigger than everything compared with it, and that is sublime." Confucius also linked "greatness" with sublimity and praised: "greatness! Yao is the king. This is embarrassing, only the sky is big, this is just embarrassing. " This kind of sublimity, broadness and magnificence is vividly reflected in the landscape description of Mao Zedong's poems. Qinyuanchun Changsha is one of the masterpieces.
The first half of the word focuses on scenery. "Independent cold autumn, Xiangjiang North, Orange Island." From the beginning, the author put himself in the broad background of autumn water and sky. At the same time, it also brings readers into a lofty realm of late autumn. Seen from a distance: "the mountains are all red and the forests are all dyed;" The author not only saw the maple forest in Yuelu Mountain in front of him, but also thought of the yellow cottonwood in Xiangshan Mountain, Beijing, and countless mountains in the motherland that changed from green to red, such as Ubuntu, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Acer, Quercus, Pistacia chinensis ... The heavy mountains and layers of trees made the god of nature touch the colored pens, making them faint and purple, which was more beautiful than the spring flowers that opened in February. Close-up: "The river is overflowing, and a hundred people are fighting for it." Autumn water is clear, Jiang Bibo is in autumn, and the Xiangjiang River at the foot is more crystal clear in autumn, such as green jade and transparent crystal. On the river, Qian Fan is fighting for hair and crossing, silent and full of vitality. Looking up, "the eagle hits the sky", the cloudless autumn sky in Wan Li, and the eagle is brave and strong, flying freely. Looking from afar, "the fish is fragrant and shallow", because of the transparency and shallow bottom of the river, the fish swing their fins and swim at will. In just four short poems, the author depicts a three-dimensional and vast south of Wan Li and colorful autumn scenery, just like Guan Shanyue, a master of contemporary Lingnan painting school, with colorful landscapes. It is worthy of being the masterpieces of "driving the mountains and setting your eyes on the sea" (Li Bai's "Dangtu Zhao Yan Shaofu's Painting Landscape Songs") and "Talking about Wan Li" (Du Fu's "Song of Wang Zai's Painting Landscape Pictures"). It and the northern scenery described in the author's other poem "Spring and Snow in Qinyuan" are magnificent panoramic landscapes.
2? In the golden age of life, a glorious era.
The sublime beauty is manifested in the inner aspect, which is the reflection of a great and noble mind. Ron Girnus of ancient Rome put forward that sublimity is "the echo of a great mind" in his article On Sublime. The second half of the word focuses on lyricism, which is the expression of this great spiritual echo. This expression is first obtained through memory.
"Take hundreds of couples to travel. Recalling the past, the years are heavy. " The author remembers walking and swimming with classmates and friends in Orange Island, talking about world events and recalling that unforgettable eventful autumn.
This word was written in the late autumn of 1925. This is when Comrade Mao Zedong left Hunan for Guangzhou, which was the center of the revolution. From 19 1 1 to 1925, Comrade Mao Zedong studied, worked and engaged in revolutionary activities in Changsha for many times. During this period, many important events occurred at home and abroad, such as the Revolution of 1911, the First World War, the October Revolution in Russia, the May 4th Movement, and the establishment of the China * * * Production Party. , are all major changes affecting the world situation. Such years are like towering peaks in the mountains of history.
"Just classmates and teenagers, in their prime; The scholar was furious and cursed Fang Qiu. " In these troubled times, the author and his classmates, such as Cai Hesen, He Shuheng, Zhang Kundi and other intellectual youths who are determined to save the country, are full of youth, brilliance, vigor and enthusiasm. The poet skillfully used the artistic conception in Zhuangzi Tian Zifang that "as a human being, one can look up to the sky, dive into the grave, swing the octupole and keep the spirit unchanged" to describe the free and unrestrained mind of young people in the new era liberated from the shackles of old ideas. (Free and unrestrained. Fang Qiu is also full of vigor and vitality. In the past, some people interpreted "reprimand" as a critical refutation and "Fang Qiu" as an expert authority, which is inaccurate. )
"Pointing the way, making bold remarks, manure was in Wan Huhou that year." This is the further concretization of "eventful years" and "reprimanding Fang Qiu". Faced with the beautiful scenery of "all mountains are red all over the place", they not only admire the magnificence of splendid rivers and mountains, but also lament the destruction of great rivers and mountains. Therefore, he published an article to set things right, attacking the darkness, preaching the truth, and despising the "Wan Huhou" at that time-warlords were like dirt. During this period, comrades organized Hunan Students' Federation and Xinmin Society in Changsha, set up evening classes for civilians, cultural bookstores and self-study universities in Hunan, participated in activities against Yuan Shikai's claim to be emperor, and led the expulsion of Zhang and other warlords. In particular, the establishment of Xiangjiang Review and Marxist Research Association made ideological and organizational preparations for the establishment of the China * * * production party in 192 1. These are not only the specific contents of "pointing out the mountains and rivers, inspiring words, and shit is Wan Huhou in those days", but also the background of writing this word. Understanding this background will help us to further understand the beautiful light of the revolutionary's lofty mind shining in his ci.
3? Hit the water in the middle stream and get the clouds in one cavity.
"Young people should take the cloud to heart." (Li He's "To Drink") The poet and his companions' worries about taking clouds, from "traveling with a hundred couples" to "Wan Huhou's past", can be said to be straightforward, surging down like the Yangtze River, magnificent and stirring. At the end, "hitting the water in the middle stream, stopping the boat and not flying" is a symbolic way, vividly expressing the lofty aspirations of a generation of revolutionary youth.
"The mid-stream hits the water, and the waves stop the flying boat." One explanation is that "hitting the water" means swimming and rowing hard in the rapids, and the waves even stop the fast-moving boat. I always feel that this artistic conception is not in line with the author's spirit of advocating "hundreds of battles and streams". I prefer the transformation of "mid-stream hitting water", that is, "mid-stream hitting water". Biography of Zu Ti in the Book of Jin:' Zu Ti can't clear the Central Plains, and those who help others are like great rivers! Later, Zhong Liu Jing became synonymous with vowing to revive the motherland. Here, it is said that the poet should ride the wind and waves in the tide of the new era, go forward bravely, and swear to revitalize China's lofty aspirations and lofty sentiments. After reading it, people seem to hear a heart that loves their country and hometown, and they are pounding, thus feeling the sublime beauty reflected by a great heart.
The artistic expression of China's classical poetry attaches great importance to the blending of scenes. Liu Xie said: "If the taste is complex and indifferent, it will be light." (Wen Xin Diao Long) Xie Zhen said: "Landscape is the medium of poetry, and love is the embryo of poetry; It is a poem, a few words are unified, and the vitality is endless. " The word "Poem Four Styles" has reached the realm of well integrating scenes.
Although the first half focuses on the scenery, it contains feelings everywhere. "The mountains are all red and the forests are all dyed" is not only a portrayal of the surrounding maple forests, but also a reflection of the poet's fiery revolutionary feelings. Red symbolizes revolution, fire and light. Wan Shan Hong Bian is a vivid expression of the author's idea that a single spark can start a prairie fire, and an optimistic vision for the revolution and the future of the motherland. "The eagle strikes the sky, the fish jumps shallowly, and ten thousand kinds of frost fight for freedom" is the author's yearning and pursuit for freedom and liberation. The sigh of "melancholy, ask the boundless earth, who is in charge of ups and downs" directly shifts from writing scenery to lyric, which naturally brings out the lyric movement in the second half.
Although the second half of the film is mainly lyrical, there is no lack of scenery in it. Recalling the past eventful years describes eventful years, which is novel and vivid, and turns intangible extraordinary years into tangible towering peaks, giving people lofty beauty. "The mid-stream hits the water, and the waves stop the flying boat" is also a magnificent picture of bravely breaking the waves. It can be said that the sublime beauty of Qinyuanchun Changsha is interwoven with emotion as the warp and scenery as the weft. It not only enables us to enjoy the artistic enjoyment of magnificent autumn scenery, but also draws confidence and strength from the poet's passionate revolutionary feelings.
(Excerpted from Appreciation of Mao Zedong's Poetry, Hebei People's Publishing House, 1990). Have abridged)
Second, the artistic appreciation of "Qinyuanchun Changsha" (Liu Zhigang)
Gong Mu, a poet, summed up the artistic characteristics of the first and second times with words such as "focusing on scenery, feeling in scenery" and "focusing on lyricism, feeling in scenery".
The first film pointed out the word "independence" from the beginning. In other words, the cold and autumn scenery of Shanhe School and the eagle catching fish are all concentrated through a focus, which is the poet who is unique in Orange Island. Secondly, the colorful scenery of autumn scenery school depicted in the poem is not a random painting, but an artistic generalization, so these characteristic scenery are combined into a vivid organism, full of interest and without any air conditioning. Finally, it is by no means for the scenery; The poet reveals the natural mystery of "fighting for freedom" from "Frost Days", and thus sends it a philosophical question, which is a challenge to the universe and society, resulting in not only beautiful but also profound poetic artistic conception.
As for the next film, it is "focusing on lyricism and watching the scenery in love", and emotion is the guest of honor. However, there is also a question of the relationship between emotion and scenery. Since it is a recollection of the past, it is naturally lyrical. Why do you want to see the scenery? Because: First, this reminiscence was caused by today's tour. At that time, "I took a hundred couples to swim" was precisely the specific environment in front of me, so the scene in front of me could not be any different from the past. Secondly, today's "independence" and "walking with you" have changed, and the situation is different. Pointing out the country and hitting the water to fly the boat are specific scenes in the past. Third, with the help of these specific scenes, through these specific scenes, we can show the heroic spirit and fighting spirit of the year, thus reflecting reality and evaluating life. This so-called "melting into the scene, sending feelings to the scene."
(Excerpted from Mao Zedong's Calligraphy and Poetry Appreciation, Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House, 2003)
Third, Appreciation of Calligraphy Art of "Qinyuanchun Changsha" (Liu Zhigang)
This work, written about 1954, is the representative work of Mao Zedong's calligraphy. Calligraphers think it is the latest ink work of Mao Zedong's poetry, the most mature and highest work, and the last monument in the ink we have seen.
Poetry and ink are written on two pages of red letterhead, *** 15 lines. Mao Zedong's brushwork is quick and clever, but his words are independent. The whole article is blunt and elegant, fluent and fluent, and his words are a link between the preceding and the following, looking around and reaching the beauty of nature; Get rid of the tense situation, but the bones and muscles are old and healthy, beautiful and scattered, and the words are small and sparse, but the words are not connected, but the veins are smooth, moist and fat, without strange words and strange pens, and there is no pen and ink that tends to borrow momentum. For example, one hundred couples, young and graceful, are walking slowly on the banks of Xiangjiang River, but this painting uses Fang Bi's round pen, mainly Tibetan front and Shilufeng. The composition pen is unique and quaint, and it is very romantic on the left bank of the Yangtze River, including the bones and muscles of the North Monument. It is elegant and carefree, and it is subtle and intriguing everywhere. The layout is dense, with lines and no columns, and the lines are close, which is almost equal to the gap between words. The pen is soft outside and rigid inside, "marking the algae." Full picture 100 words, brush strokes and ink colors change with the book, which makes the whole book full of charm and perfect structure.
(Excerpted from Mao Zedong's Calligraphy and Poetry Appreciation, Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House, 2003)