Since the reform and opening up, China's ownership structure has changed from a single public ownership economy to a mixed economy with public ownership as the main body and multiple ownership economies developing together. The socio-economic organization structure has also extended from the original simple dual structure of government-enterprise to the complex and diverse chain structure of government-intermediary organization-enterprise. The situation of hospital industry is complicated, including the mixture of public welfare undertakings and enterprise functions. Nevertheless, intermediary organizations such as China Hospital Association have played an active and effective role.
2006 was the first year that the State Council approved to change its name to "China Hospital Association". Over the past five years, the Association has held democratic meetings in accordance with the law, united hospital managers and medical staff, actively cooperated with relevant government departments, implemented relevant laws and policies, earnestly grasped the activities of the Year of Hospital Management, adhered to the people-oriented principle, and focused on strengthening industry rights protection and self-discipline, improving medical quality and safety, and building a harmonious doctor-patient relationship. At the same time, truthfully reflect the opinions and requirements of the hospital in the development process to the relevant government departments. By holding various activities, the rights and interests of hospitals and patients have been further safeguarded, and the status and credibility of hospitals and medical workers in society have been improved.
The rise of private hospitals has spawned a large number of local private hospital associations. For example, Yunnan Private Hospital Association is one of the intermediary organizations with early establishment, complete organizational system, extensive contacts and obvious service effect. Zhan Haifeng, the old director of the Provincial Health Department, personally took the lead and thousands of private medical institutions participated, which became an important part of Yunnan's medical and health undertakings.
Despite this gratifying situation and the emergence of such a * * * in society, the status and role of trade associations as industry coordination management organizations are becoming more and more important, and the current situation of trade associations is still not optimistic. Strengthening the construction of trade associations is still an urgent task at present. From the perspective of industry distribution, the more traditional industries, the more associations that government organs "turn over" under the planned economy system, the stronger the color of the old system. Hospital trade association has its own industry particularity, and the problem is more serious.
Generally speaking, there are many problems in the quantity and quality of hospital industry associations, especially private hospital associations, which delay the marketization process. Problems and reasons are mainly manifested in:
First, the government's transformation function lags behind, which restricts the development of industrial intermediary organizations. In the period of system transition, although it is clear in the direction of reform that "many things that government departments should not manage or can not manage well can be handed over to people's organizations such as non-governmental chambers of commerce", in practice, because the initiative of "paying or not paying, paying early or late, paying more or less" lies with the government, the government's function is to make enterprises become unsupervised market subjects, thus creating the basic premise of the demand for non-governmental organizations. Government departments are both leaders and targets of reform. The transformation from an "all-round government" under the planned system to a limited government involves the adjustment of the interests and powers of a large number of departments, and the transformation of government functions and the role of industry associations are mutually causal. At present, with the government still playing an important role in the microeconomic field, it is difficult to really put the construction of industrial intermediary organizations on the agenda.
Second, there is strong administrative dependence, poor industry representation, many institutions, and the phenomenon of wrangling occurs from time to time. As the situation of multi-ownership economy development in hospitals has just taken shape, the core members of the association are still mainly officials, and their ties with multi-ownership enterprises that have grown up outside the system are relatively weak. They rely on the functions entrusted by the competent authorities in their work, and are poor in folk, self-discipline, service and equality. Coupled with the phenomenon of ownership division, regional division and departmental division, the development of industry intermediary organizations has some problems, such as repeated establishment, multi-level, cross-cutting, lack of overall coordination and so on. As a result, enterprises have joined the club many times and are at a loss, and the competent authorities are also easy to compete and shirk because of vested interests.
Third, its own mechanism and management system do not meet the requirements of market trends. Judging from its own mechanism, most trade associations are produced within the system at present. The main purpose of some trade associations is to resettle retired leaders and solve the problem of diverting personnel from government agencies, and even some association offices become "two governments" working together with relevant government agencies. From the perspective of management system, industry intermediary organizations are still continuing the dual management system of association registration and business supervisor, which makes a large number of private enterprises and many emerging industries that have appeared and will continue to appear in the development of market economy unable to find suitable competent departments in the original system, so that industry associations cannot be registered as independent legal entities under the current management system.
Fourth, there are contradictions between theory and practice in self-construction, which leads to various difficulties in operation. In terms of personnel composition, most of the association leaders produced by the reform of government institutions are former government department leaders. Compared with the original administrative level, they have the nature of resettlement, and there are some problems such as aging age structure, limited self-level and difficulty in meeting the requirements of industry management. In terms of human resources, most of them have not established a reasonable mechanism for personnel recruitment, assessment, training, promotion, elimination and retirement, and there is no perfect employee treatment and welfare system, and the social security problem has not been solved. In terms of fund-raising, due to the poor sense of identity of member enterprises, the effective services provided by the association are limited. Some associations with government background still need limited funding from the competent authorities to survive, while those lacking corresponding funding face survival problems. Due to the lack of sufficient funds, the development of service activities has been restricted, and it has fallen into a vicious circle of "insufficient funds-poor service quality-low reputation-few members-difficult to raise funds".
Second, the association expands the industry.
The new medical reform has brought opportunities to private hospitals and challenges to trade associations. To encourage capital to enter, services are needed as the foundation, especially the large amount of capital from outside the industry will inevitably lead to a sharp increase in demand for strategy, industry experience, professional technology and even management. In addition to paying attention to policy considerations, trade associations should also strengthen their services.
From the development of pharmaceutical industry associations with mature market economy abroad, we can see that with the rapid development of market economy today, we should learn from the experience of developed countries, combine our own political, economic, social and cultural characteristics, and promote the development of private hospital associations in China through the efforts of the government, hospitals and associations.
Government: Actively promote the transformation of government functions and truly separate government from enterprise. The association must have a clear understanding of which government functions can and cannot be taken over. Such as the formulation of industry standards, rules and regulations, inspection and evaluation, quality supervision and testing, etc. , should be borne by industry associations.
Hospital enterprises: Hospital enterprises, especially small and medium-sized private medical institutions, must fully realize that trade associations are their own stage and support, and participating in them can better reflect and protect their own interests, reduce the competition and pressure that individual organizations cannot face, and obtain extensive and irreplaceable services.
Association: the association should position itself well. In addition to constantly enriching and improving the industry's consulting function, policy suggestion function, internal standard function and other routine work, it is also necessary to solve the fund source problem of the association. Only by solving this problem can we change the traditional personnel management mode of the association, and on this basis, we can go out and please come in. Talking about services under a closed and conservative mechanism will only be empty talk.
Third, five measures to consolidate the service of the association.
Private hospitals are weak, private hospitals are still weak, and private hospitals need to unite to fight the world. In the face of fragmentation, "holding a group" can only be done by associations, and the power of "holding a group" comes from service. According to the actual needs of private hospitals, it is suggested to take the following five measures to consolidate the service of the association.
(A) to build a private hospital development investment and financing platform
Hospital investment is a long-term investment. A pharmaceutical factory may have one or two drugs to sell, and its performance will suddenly rise, and hospitals need to gradually accumulate word of mouth, and with word of mouth, they can attract patients; Hospital investment is a relatively safe investment with less risk. As long as hospital operators make their own characteristics and put service first, their performance will generally not fluctuate greatly. Therefore, for investment institutions pursuing long-term security benefits, under the impetus of the new medical reform policy, there are still great business opportunities to choose private hospitals as investment targets.
On the other hand, private hospitals are generally scattered and urgently need capital to enhance their strength. Private hospitals that can gain the favor of capital generally have two characteristics: one is chain, so that the business scale can have enough room for growth, because compared with single enterprises, chain enterprises can continuously explore new markets; Another feature is specialty, because specialized hospitals can avoid competition with large domestic third-class general hospitals. After all, they compete with state-owned hospitals whose medical resources far exceed theirs, and private hospitals are definitely not their opponents.
It is precisely because of this asymmetry between capital and market that it is particularly important to build an investment and financing platform for private hospitals.
On the one hand, the association should actively organize the project library and publish investment projects, on the other hand, it should strive for the special development funds of the government to operate, and at the same time establish mutual funds among its members to help promising hospitals solve major basic investment problems such as large-scale equipment purchase. For example, the current government of Yunnan Province has allocated 20 million special funds, and the association can consider at least winning the right of planning suggestion and project recommendation and preliminary examination.
(two) the organization of people's trust hospital selection activities.
In order to improve the social trust of private hospitals, we can refer to the experience of people's assured hospitals carried out by China Hospital Association and carry out special activities specifically for private hospitals. The evaluation right can be given to the expert group and the voting right to the society, making it a brand of the association's self-discipline work.
(C) to promote doctor-patient cooperation and build a harmonious relationship.
In order to strengthen communication and eliminate barriers, we can learn from the first China Hospital Expo organized by China Hospital Association and hold private hospital fairs regularly. The theme of this medical fair is "doctors and patients work together to maintain health", and 26 medical units and more than 100 hospital-related enterprises in the province participated in the exhibition. The Medical Expo organized large-scale free clinics and popular science lectures. During the three days of the exhibition, * * * more than 17500 people participated in the exhibition, more than 3400 people received the free clinic and consultation services of 103 high-level doctors, and more than 1300 people listened to the popular science lectures of 16 medical experts. During the exhibition, 24 participating hospitals jointly signed and published the "Dean's Declaration", promising to save lives and serve people's health wholeheartedly. This kind of exposition can also be held on the Internet.
(four) run the academic activities and continuing education of hospital management.
In order to quickly improve the management and medical level of private hospitals, large-scale academic activities can be actively held and continuing education can be widely carried out. In addition to routine clinical, pharmaceutical and nursing education, it is also very popular to coordinate the creation of exchange internship opportunities. In addition, the investment and operation of large-scale equipment, hospital procurement, etc. Private hospitals have shortcomings in theory and practice, and the service demand is urgent. We can comprehensively improve the overall quality of the management team of private hospitals, aim at the advanced management level at home and abroad, conduct extensive training, and strive to comprehensively improve the scope, scale, quality and efficiency of training.
(five) do a good job in the publication and publicity of association information.
This is a topic with too many monks and too few porridge, which is often simply understood as running a website and running a magazine. It is not difficult to do these two things well under the current technical conditions. What is difficult is that websites often become "publicity columns", magazines become "teaching materials" and "literature collections", and things without readers, let alone platforms for communication. The basic starting point should be changed. Don't run a website magazine just for the sake of it. The management mode and attitude of website magazines should be open, members should be the protagonists, readers should be "gods" and the ways should keep pace with the times.
Fourth, sing a big play in Healthy China.
As mentioned above, the prosperity of the association is the prosperity of the industry, and the key to the prosperity of the association is service. The previous article also discussed the timeliness, diversity and innovation of association services. From the perspective of social participation in public welfare undertakings, this paper discusses how private hospital associations can play a greater role by using "healthy China".
"Health CHSINOA-Health Promotion and Health Education Platform" was initiated by relevant units of health system in Yunnan Province, Yunnan Exhibition Economic Research Association and Yunnan New Rural Cooperative Investment Co., Ltd., and it is a non-profit industry consortium composed of hospitals, enterprises, universities, research institutes, industry associations, supporting institutions, especially websites, exhibitions, publications, training and other institutions dedicated to health promotion and health education. The platform includes "SINO Health" website and "SINO Health" magazine.
The principle of the platform is "socialized operation organization of public welfare undertakings", characterized by "introducing the concept of social entrepreneurs into public welfare undertakings", and the mode is "embedding health promotion and health education into the operation process of public welfare and commercial projects". The expression covers websites, exhibitions, publications, books, training, activities and other forms.
The platform follows the concept of openness and enjoyment, and the daily work is undertaken by the "SINO Health" studio composed of professionals familiar with health education, public relations and advertising media, which mainly undertakes research and development, project planning, information and subject collection, project outsourcing and management. Specific projects will be mainly undertaken by public relations, celebrations, exhibitions, networks and publishing enterprises. Yunnan Convention and Exhibition Economic Research Association has joined more than 60 professional organizations of member units to undertake specific project operations.
"Healthy China" will standardize and guide the related work according to the National Outline of Health Education and Health Promotion formulated by the Ministry of Health.