2. Seedlings: Only high-quality seedlings can effectively use the cultivation conditions and achieve the goal of multi-fruit. It is required that the varieties of seedlings are pure, the taproots and lateral roots are complete, there are no pests and diseases, and the resistance is strong. It is best to plant 2-3-year-old strong seedlings, the height is more than one meter, the trunk diameter is not less than one centimeter, and there are many fibrous roots to ensure survival and robust growth.
3. Planting techniques: Before planting beaked walnut seedlings, cut off the damaged and rotten roots of the seedlings, then soak them in water for half a day or dip them in mud to make the roots absorb enough water to survive. Then make a nest in the middle of the whole pit for planting. The size of the nest depends on the seedlings planted. When planting, the seedlings should be upright, the roots should be stretched, and the roots should be filled in layers, so that the roots are evenly distributed and the soil should be flush with the ground. After comprehensive application, the tree tray should be laid, fully irrigated, and sealed with fine soil after water seepage, about 20cm above the ground. The planting depth of seedlings can slightly exceed the original seedling depth, but after seven days of planting, the joints must be exposed and watered again. High temperature and drought in summer is the main weeding season. Weeds should be removed to reduce the competition between weeds and saplings for water and fertilizer. In other seasons, only plants and plants that have an impact on citrus growth are cleared, and low weeds are not cleared. In recent years, chemical herbicides have been used to weed:
(1) Glyphosate: per mu 100g (active ingredient), add 50-60kg of water and spray it evenly on weeds with a manual sprayer. Attention should be paid to lowering the faucet as much as possible, and the liquid medicine should not be sprayed on the branches, leaves and stems of the seedlings, otherwise it will be poisoned and die. It must not rain for more than 8 hours after application, so as not to reduce the efficacy.
(2) herbicide 1.3 kg/mu, simajin 1.20 g/mu, or diuron 0.2 kg/mu, etc. Have a good spraying effect.
Intercropping: Walnut bears fruit late. Intercropping in walnut orchard can not only increase oil crops and other cash crops, but also promote the growth and yield of walnuts. However, it is not suitable for growing tall crops. Practical experience in various places has proved that interplanting melon and potato is suitable for young walnuts. Middle-aged trees are suitable for intercropping millet, Chinese herbal medicine and green manure plants. Old trees can be intercropped with wheat and other light-loving crops. The high yield of spring sowing crops has little effect on the growth and development of trees, but the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened from May to June to solve the contradiction of competing for fertilizer and water. Leave a tree tray with a diameter greater than 1 m under the tree, and pay attention to crop rotation. Walnut has a great demand for fertilizer and water, so it is necessary to strengthen fertilizer and water management even in the walnut forest with thick soil layer. Fertilizing in four stages before germination, after flowering, at the fruit hard core stage in early July and before land freezing is beneficial to germination, branching and flowering, promoting fruit hypertrophy, full seeds and covering soil and watering. Based on manure and green manure, combined with compound fertilizer, each adult tree needs about 100-200 kg of manure or green manure and 50- 100 kg of human manure or urine. It can also be fertilized with intercropping crops, especially in April-May when walnut trees and crops need fertilizer. It is very effective for improving soil fertility, promoting nuclear growth and increasing yield to smash fresh branches and leaves and weeds of green manure or green manure plants and turn them directly into ditches.
1, fertilization time:
(mainly 5 years before planting)
(1) Germination accelerating fertilizer (pre-flowering fertilizer): it is usually carried out in February and March, and the main application is quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer.
(2) Fruit-stabilizing fertilizer: from June to July after flowering, multiple compound fertilizers are mainly applied.
(3) Fertilizer for strengthening fruit and promoting shoots: Generally, topdressing is applied before autumn shoots germinate, and compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer are applied together.
2, fertilization method:
Organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are best mixed, and the method is as follows:
(1) ring method: take the trunk as the center, and open fertilization ditches around the crown. Generally, the depth of the ditch is 15-20cm and the width is 30-35cm, so the fertilizer will be covered with soil.
(2) Strip method: furrowing and fertilizing between rows.
(3) Radial method: 4-6 ditches are opened outward with the trunk as the center, shallow ditches are opened near the trunk, and gradually deepen outward.
(4) Spreading method: The fertilizer can be evenly spread under the canopy and then turned into the soil. 1, pruning young trees:
(1) The scattered central leading branches are obvious, and 5-7 main branches are divided into 2-3 layers. This tree-shaped variety has many branches, large crown and high yield, and is suitable for deep and fertile soil with upright branches. The key points of plastic surgery are: the fixed stem height 1.5-2.5 meters, poor soil conditions, and low dry retention. The position and direction of the main branches should be properly configured, and the spacing between the main branches should be 1- 1.5 meters, not too close. The first lateral branch of the three main branches at the base is about 1.5 meters away from the main branch, and if it is too close, it forms the door side; The farther away from the crown, the smaller the distance between branches. Attention should be paid to maintaining the growth advantage of central leading branches. In general, it is not easy to change the head, because the beaked walnut has lateral characteristics, and improper handling will weaken the strong tree and weaken the weak tree. Proper control of back branches is different from other fruit tree pruning. The back branches of walnut grow vigorously. If left to grow naturally, it will often surpass the original branch and form an "inverted cow". Treatment of posterior branch: ① When the posterior branch is similar to the extended branch, the posterior branch should be treated in time; (2) The original branch is very weak. When the direction and angle of the back branch are good, the back branch is used to replace the original head; ③ The back branches grow well, and flower buds have been formed, which can control the fruit.
(2) Natural happiness is suitable for varieties with thin soil and open crown. The central leadership is not obvious, with 2-3 main branches, with a 2-branch or 3-branch structure. Where the soil quality is poor, leave 3 lateral branches on each main branch; Where the soil quality is good, choose 1-2 secondary lateral branches for each lateral branch. When modeling, the tree potential should be balanced, and the lateral branches at all levels should retain certain growth advantages and make rational use of space.
(3) Erect cylindrical shape: Due to the high mountain and deep ditch and insufficient illumination, the beaked walnut has strong erectness and obvious central trunk. After being cultivated into an upright cylinder, the main branches and lateral branches are shorter and arranged in layers or spirals on the central trunk, which makes full use of space and reduces the contradiction between agriculture and forestry on the land.
2. Prune the result tree
(1) Pruning of fruiting mother branches 1 Strong branches around the annual tree crown, usually fruiting mother branches in the second year, generally not short cut. However, if there are too many mother branches, the crown will be closed, which will affect ventilation and light transmission. Proper removal of some fine fruiting mother branches can stabilize the yield and promote the normal development of trees.
(2) Pruning of Elongated Branches For the 15-30-year-old trees in full fruit, the 1 year-old elongated branches extracted from the dead parts of the main branches at all levels outside the crown can be shortened at 2-3 buds below the dead buds.
(3) Trimming tendrils Tendrils are mostly sprouted from hidden buds on the inner trunk branches, which are more common in mature trees and aging trees. In the past, they were mostly cut from the base.
(4) The pruning of drooping branches will retract at the bifurcation, and at the same time, the dead branches of pests and diseases will be cut off. Too dense drooping branches should be cut off year by year.