This poem is from the Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai's Farewell to Minister Shu Yun at Xie Tiao Villa in Xuanzhou. The original poem is as follows:
Since yesterday, I have to leave Bolt and me behind.
It hurts my heart even more today.
Autumn geese are escorted by Changfeng, and I treat them in this villa and drink my wine.
The bones of great writers are all your brushes. In Tianyuan, I grew up beside you, Xiao Xie.
We all yearn for the distance and want to go to the sky to embrace the bright moon.
But since the water is still flowing, although we cut it with our swords and raise our glasses to drown our sorrows.
Since the world can't satisfy our desire, I will loosen my hair and get on a fishing boat tomorrow.
What does the whole poem mean? Translated into vernacular as follows:
Yesterday, which left me, was irresistible.
Today's mood is very chaotic, which makes people worry infinitely.
In the face of this scene, Wan blew the swan geese returning to the south, and they could climb the tall buildings and have a good drink.
Mr. Wang's writing has a strong sense of style, and my poetic style is as fresh and beautiful as Xie Tiao's.
We are all full of lofty sentiments and exultation, and our jumping thoughts are like flying high in the blue sky to pick the bright moon.
Draw the sword and cut off the water, it is more turbulent, more rushing, but more intense. Let's raise our glasses to dispel our worries.
If you can't be satisfied in this world, it is better to keep your long hair and board a boat on the Yangtze River.
Some words, I think it is necessary to explain them separately:
Xuanzhou: Today, Xuancheng, Anhui Province.
Xie Tiao (TiO) Building: Also known as North Building and Xiegong Building, Xie Tiao was built on Lingyang Mountain when he was the magistrate of Xuancheng, and later renamed Zhang Die Building.
Farewell: See you off with wine and food.
Jiaào Yao Shu: the official name, namely the secretary of the provincial school book lang, is responsible for book sorting in the court.
Shu Yun: Li Yun, also known as Li Hua ("Wen Yuan Hua Ying" poem titled "Song of Accompanying Yu Shuhua to the Building"), was a famous ancient prose writer at that time. He was the secretary of the provincial proofreader and was responsible for the proofreading of books. Li Bai called him an uncle, but he had no clan relationship.
Changfeng: Far wind, strong wind.
This refers to the scenery of Changfeng autumn geese in the previous sentence.
High-rise (hān): Drinking in high-rise buildings.
Penglai: This refers to the concept of oriental book collection in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The Twenty-third Biography of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty is accompanied by Biography of Zhang Dou: "At that time, scholars called Dongguan the Lao's Tibetan Room, while Taoists called it Penglai Mountain." Li Xian's Note: "Yandongguan has many classics. Penglai, the sacred mountain in the sea, the fairy house, and the secrets of the secret scriptures are all there. " Penglai article: Borrow Liu Yun's article. Jian 'an Bone: Poems written by writers such as "Three Cao" and "Seven Zi" in Jian 'an at the end of Han Dynasty (the year of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, 196-220) were of high style and were later called "Jian 'an Bone".
Xiao Xie: It refers to Xie Tiao, named Xuan Hui, a poet in the Southern Dynasties. Later generations called him and Xie Lingyun Daxie and Xiao Xie. It is used as a metaphor here.
Clear hair (fā): refers to the poetic style of fresh hair. Hair: hair, poetic and elegant.
All pregnant: all pregnant.
Xing: the elegant and chic interest refers to the pleasure of traveling in the mountains and playing in the water, which is far away from the horizon. Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting: "If it is far away, it will be smooth, and if it is easy, it will fly." Li Bai's "seeing the guests off to Vietnam": "The mirror lake is clear, and the fanatics return to the boat." Strong thinking: Lu Sidao's Historical Records of Lu Ji: "Li Ci is full of spring and strong thinking."
Strong thinking: ambitious and heroic.
Take: take.
Elimination: Another version is "Pin".
Chèn means to satisfy.
Ming Dynasty (zhāo): Tomorrow.
Law: If you don't wear a crown, you will not be an official. What is described here is wild and uninhibited. The ancients wore a crown in their hair, which meant leisure.
Piān boat: Take a boat and hide in the rivers and lakes. Boat: A boat, a boat. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Fan Li bid farewell to Gou Jian, the King of Yue, and "a boat floated in the Jianghu" (Biography of Historical Records and Huo Zhi).
This poem was written in the 12th year of Tianbao (AD 753). This autumn, Li Bai came to Xuanzhou and soon lived in Xuanzhou. An old friend of his, Li Yunxing, came here and left soon. Li Bai accompanied him to Xie Tiao Building and gave a banquet to see him off. Xie Tiao Building in Xuanzhou was built by Xie Tiao, a poet of Southern Qi Dynasty, when he was the magistrate of Xuancheng. Li Bai has visited this place many times, and wrote a poem "Autumn Ascending the North Building of Xie Tiao in Xuancheng".
Now that we know the creation background and the meaning of the whole poem, let's enjoy it together:
This poem is the author's farewell work upstairs in Xie Tiao, Xuanzhou. The poet is full of emotion. He is full of pride and joy, but he can't hide his frustration and injustice from time to time. His feelings are ups and downs. The language is clear, seems to blurt out, and the tone is high.
At the beginning of this poem, I don't write about the building, let alone say goodbye, but stand on the wall and express my feelings directly. "Yesterday's Day" and "Today's Day" refer to many "Yesterday" that left me and the "Today" that followed. In other words, every day I feel that the sun and the moon are dim, time is hard to stay, I am upset and depressed. It not only contains the spiritual depression of "difficult official career", but also melts the poet's feeling of dirty political reality. His "troubles" didn't start today, and his "troubles" didn't stop there. Perhaps it can be said that this is an artistic summary of his long-term political experience and feelings. The depth, breadth and intensity of anxiety and anger reflect the increasing corruption of state affairs and the increasing embarrassment of Li Bai's personal experience since Tianbao. The intense mental pain caused by the sharp contradiction between ideal and reality has found a suitable expression here. The origin of surprise, overlapping language (all say "dislike me" and "can't stay"); The words "disturbing my heart", also known as "melancholy", and the eleven-word sentence pattern vividly show the poet's deep depression, strong anxiety and anger, chaotic mood, and explosive and uncontrollable emotional state.
"Autumn geese are accompanied by the wind. I look at each other on this villa and drink my wine." Facing the vast and clear autumn sky and looking at the magnificent scenery of wild geese, we can't help but arouse the pride of quenching thirst by drinking poison. These two sentences show a magnificent and clear picture of Wan Li's autumn sky in front of readers, and also show the poet's heroic and broad mind. Suddenly, from extreme depression to magnificent realm, it seems that the changes are endless and incredible. But this is why Li Bai is Li Bai. It is precisely because of his lofty ideals and long-term depression by the dark and dirty environment that he has been longing for a vast space where he can gallop freely. Seeing the place where "autumn geese are escorted by Changfeng", I feel refreshed and my worries are swept away. Feel the comfortable fit between the heart and the environment, and the pride of "drinking tall buildings" arises spontaneously.
"The bones of great writers are all your brushes. In Tianyuan, I grew up by your side, Xiao Xie." These two farewell words are addressed to the host and guest respectively. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, scholars called Dongguan (the government library) the Penglai Mountain of Taoism, and in the Tang Dynasty, Penglai Mountain was mostly used. Peng Ge refers to the secretary province, and Liu Yun is the proofreader of the secretary province, so the Penglai article here refers to Liu Yun's article. Jian 'an bone refers to the vigorous "Jian 'an character". The first sentence praises Liu Yun's vigorous style, and the second sentence refers to "Xiao Xie" (that is, Xie Tiao), saying that his poems, like Xie Tiao, have the style of fresh hair. Li Bai admires Xie Tiao very much. Compared with Xiao Xie here, he is full of confidence in his talents. These two sentences naturally fit the title of Xie Tiao Building and School Book.
"We both hold high our yearning for the distant place, and I want to go to the sky to embrace the bright moon." The two sentences further exaggerated the interest of both sides in "building from a lofty position", saying that each other has lofty sentiments and ambitions, and the wine is hot and the ears are hot, and it is even more high, and they want to catch the moon. It says sunny days in front and clear skies in autumn, but it says "bright moon" here, which shows that the latter is not true. Yunyun's "lust for sex" also shows that this is the poet's rhetoric when he is drunk and prosperous. Boldness and naivety have been harmoniously unified here. This is Li Bai's character. It is true that the bright moon is embraced by the sky, which is a temporary word and may not be entrusted, but this flying and vigorous image makes readers clearly feel the poet's yearning for the lofty ideal realm. These two sentences are eloquent and incisive, pushing the high-spirited mood aroused by the realm of "autumn geese and Changfeng escort" to a climax, as if all the darkness and filth in reality were swept away, and all the troubles in my heart were thrown outside the cloud nine.
The metaphor of "But since the water is still flowing, although we use the sword to cut it" is strange and novel, and at the same time it is natural, appropriate and full of life. In front of Xie Tiao Building, there is a stream that flows all the year round. It is easy to associate endless running water with endless troubles, so naturally there is the idea of "drawing a sword and cutting off water", which is triggered by a strong desire to get rid of troubles. Because of the close relationship between metaphor and eye view, it has more or less the meaning of "xing", which makes it feel natural and natural to read. Although the inner anguish can't be dispelled, the detail of "drawing a sword and cutting off water" vividly shows the poet's appeal to get rid of mental anguish, which is obviously different from those who are addicted to depression and can't extricate themselves.
"Since the world can't satisfy our desire, I will let go of my hair tomorrow and take a fishing boat." The contradiction between Li Bai's progressive ideal and the dark reality could not be solved under the historical conditions at that time. Therefore, he is always trapped in the depression of "unable to say what he means" and can only find a way out in the depression of "sending a boat". This conclusion is of course somewhat negative and even contains elements of escapism. However, history and the social class he represents stipulate that he can't find a better way out.
The value of Li Bai lies in that although he is mentally under the pressure of depression, he has not given up his pursuit of progressive ideals. This poem is still full of heroic and generous feelings. The words "Changfeng" and "all in my heart" are more like playing a high-pitched and optimistic tone in sad music and revealing brilliant brilliance in the dark clouds. The sentence "draw out a sword" expresses strong depression, but also shows a stubborn character. Therefore, the feeling of the whole poem is not gloomy and desperate, but heroic and heroic in anxiety and depression. This shows that the poet has neither succumbed to the oppression of the environment nor to the inner pressure.
The whole poem is like a song, with ups and downs of emotion, profound charm, twists and turns, ups and downs of composition, ups and downs for no reason, no interruption, clear and simple language and high tone, which has reached the realm of harmony and unity between boldness and nature.