I. Plastic pruning technology Plastic pruning is an important aspect of pepper tree management in winter, which is divided into two aspects: plastic pruning and pruning. Plastic pruning is to maintain the reasonable skeleton structure of trees by certain means, so as to achieve the purpose of ventilation and light transmission and uniform distribution of main branches. Generally, the natural and happy pepper tree is the main tree type of pepper, which has good ventilation and light transmission and is easy to pick. Pruning is mainly aimed at tree potential and fruit yield. Through various pruning methods, the tree tends to be robust, the load is reasonable, and high and stable yields are achieved year after year. When pruning in winter, we must cut off "seven branches", that is, long branches, dead branches, pest branches, over-dense branches, cross branches, overlapping branches and thin branches. Then, the cut branches are burned centrally to eliminate the overwintering pests and germs on the branches. The incision caused by pruning should be protected by applying sealing oil in time to prevent the incision from freeze-drying and drainage.
Second, the integrated pest control technology has entered the winter, and some harmful germs, insects and eggs of Zanthoxylum bungeanum lurk over the winter on the bark, litter, soil and weeds of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Clearing and eliminating these harmful pests and diseases is the main purpose of preventing and controlling pests and diseases in winter. Mainly take the following technical measures:
1. Scrape the rough skin of pepper. Many eggs live in the cracks of pepper trees, and scale insects live on the trunk. Scraped rough skin and glue spots should be burned centrally, which can eliminate overwintering pests and reduce the overwintering base of pests and diseases. After scraping, the wound should be disinfected with still-flowing glue, regenerated skin, thiophanate-methyl or sulfur mixture to prevent bacteria from infecting the wound. This method can also effectively rejuvenate trees.
2. Check and control stem borers. For borers such as longicorn beetles, fine wire can be inserted into the wormholes of branches to stab the larvae to death; You can also use 5 ~ 10 times of dichlorvos or chlorpyrifos, drill the liquid medicine into the cave door with a syringe, and plug the hole with soil to poison the pests hiding in the trunk. Someone injected a proper amount of gasoline into the wormhole, which can effectively kill the larvae of longicorn beetles.
Step 3 spray pesticides. Some germs and eggs can overwinter in branches and other parts besides litters and weeds. Therefore, spraying the mixture of sulfur and pesticides at the temperature of 3-5 degrees before the pepper tree germinates can effectively prevent the spread and occurrence of pests and diseases. At the same time, other trees around the pepper garden should also be sprayed to prevent the spread of pests and diseases.
4. Clean up the pepper garden. Pests such as Zanthoxylum bungeanum overwinter in trees, soil, weeds, fallen leaves, rough trunk, skin warping, skin cracking and tree holes; Pathogens of diseases such as branch blight and dry rot overwinter in the affected parts. Therefore, the pepper garden should be cleaned before freezing. Scrape off the branches and rough skins on the trunk of the tree, and cover the holes in the tree with mud. Cut off the branches of pests and diseases, scrape off the bark, litter and weeds under the tree. Before turning over the garden in winter, the impurities in the pepper garden can be cleaned, burned or buried deeply, which can eliminate the overwintering bacteria eggs and reduce the source of pests and diseases in the next year.
5. turn over the garden to change the soil. Taking advantage of the natural conditions of low temperature and drought in winter, through turning over the garden to change the soil, dig up the old soil in the pepper base to see the roots and cut off the roots. Spraying root rot powder or dixone and burying it with new soil can effectively control root rot. Around the tree crown, the overwintering pests in the soil were turned over to freeze to death or eaten by birds. The root system of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is shallow, so the depth of garden turning should not be too deep, and the depth should be 20-25 cm. Good performance before freezing in soil. Turning over the ground in pepper orchard can not only eliminate overwintering pests, but also improve soil physical and chemical properties, soil structure and soil moisture retention capacity in winter.
Three, pepper antifreeze management 1. The trunk is painted white. Whitening can reduce freezing injury, delay the germination and flowering of pepper, and protect pepper from the harm of late frost in spring. In addition, painting the trunk white can kill the wintering eggs and germs hidden in the bark. The whitening agent can be made of 5 parts of quicklime, 0.5 part of sulfur, 2 parts of salt, 0. 1 part of oil and 20 parts of water, and evenly coated on the trunk and branches with a brush.
2. Spray antifreeze. After the fallen leaves of fruit trees, the whole tree is sprayed with 3-5 degree sulfur mixture or 200 times protective solution of carboxymethyl cellulose for antifreeze protection.
3. Pile soil at the bottom of the trunk. Before winter, cultivating ridges and ditches 40 ~ 50 cm high at the base of the trunk can not only prevent rapid evaporation of water, but also prevent wind freezing in winter.
4. Winter Irrigation: In the "March 9th" season, giving pepper adequate winter irrigation can not only keep warm and safe, but also increase nutrition and improve the resistance of trees.
Fourth, soil fertilization technology In addition, in the pepper trees that do not apply base fertilizer in autumn, it is necessary to apply sufficient winter fertilizer in time, and the mixed application of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer has the best effect. For young trees at the first fruit stage, annular fertilization is adopted, and an annular ditch with a width of 20-30cm and a depth of about 30cm is dug at a distance of 1- 1.5m from the tree body, and the fertilizer is evenly spread into the ditch, covered with soil and watered; For big trees in full fruit period, radial furrowing is adopted for fertilization, and 6-8 furrows are dug from the trunk base to the east, west, north and south, with a depth of 30cm and a length of about 1-2m. The fertilizer is evenly spread into the furrows, covered with soil and watered.