High-yield cultivation techniques of plum blossom;
1. Land selection: plum blossom has wide adaptability and can be planted on sloping land and flat land, but it is not suitable to choose long-term waterlogged plots for planting.
2. Planting method: the sloping land is planted according to contour lines, and the flat land is subject to the route direction and topography.
3. Planting date and method: it can be planted from June of that year 10 to February of the following year. The length, width and depth of the planting hole should be greater than 0.6m.. Apply 2 kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 40 kg of decomposed farmyard manure to each hole. After all fertilizers are fully mixed with subsoil, the topsoil is backfilled by 20 cm, and the planting holes are basically filled, and then made into the shape of steamed bread, which is 20 cm higher than the ground. When planting, it is necessary to dig holes in the steamed bun-shaped mound for planting, so as to achieve "straight seedlings, extended roots, fine soil backfilling, proper foot stepping and thorough root pouring", and cover the tree tray with straw or agricultural plastic film 1 square meter to improve the survival rate of seedlings.
4. Planting density: the row spacing is 3m, the plant spacing is 2m, and each mu is planted with 1 10 plants. However, it is necessary to combine the plot, topography and landform, adjust measures to local conditions and adopt appropriate planting density.
5, plastic surgery: before germination in spring, leave 40 cm high to dry. After germination, select three buds with suitable directions and cultivate them into three main branches. The height of the main branch is 40 cm, and 2-3 branches are selected for each main branch. When the branch grows to 40 cm, the core should be removed until it is cultivated into a high-yield crown. This process takes 2-3 years. When the angle of main branch or branch is too small, it can be spread with bamboo pole or rope.
6, fertilizer and water management:
(1) Fertilization: it is divided into base fertilizer, pre-flowering fertilizer, strong fruit fertilizer and foliar fertilizer. In the first 1-2 young tree stage, appropriate amount of urea and phosphate fertilizer were applied in the ditch 30 cm away from the tree in February, March, April, May and165438+1October respectively.
(2) Irrigation: The orchard should have irrigation and drainage facilities, so that the accumulated water can be drained, and the harvest can be guaranteed in drought and flood.
7. Integrated pest control:
(1) clear the garden in winter, cut off dead branches, pests and diseases, and spray 30 times crystalline sulfur mixture after defoliation and before germination.
(2) After germination, use aphid control agent to control aphids.
(3) Insect control and disease prevention should start one week after flowering, and pesticides such as dichlorvos, Diwang, carbendazim, chlorothalonil and thiophanate methyl can be selected once every 65 days and 438+00 days, and the drugs should be stopped 40 days before harvesting.