Propagation and cultivation

1. Chrysanthemum is propagated by cutting, branching, grafting and tissue culture.

(1) Cutting can be divided into shoot cutting, twig cutting and leaf bud cutting. Cutting buds, cutting plant foot buds in autumn and winter for cutting. The criterion for selecting buds is to stay away from plants and have full buds. Remove the lower leaves, plant them in flowerpots or bed inserts in greenhouses or greenhouses according to the plant spacing of 3-4 cm and the row spacing of 4-5 cm, keep the room temperature at 7-8℃, and plant them outdoors after spring warming. Softwood cutting, which is the most widely used method, is usually carried out in April-May, with cuttings of 8- 10 cm as cuttings, which take root at the temperature of 18-2 1℃ for about 3 weeks, and then colonize for about 4 weeks. Insert the bed in the open field, the medium element is sand, and the bed should be shaded. All-optical spray bed is inserted without shadow. Leaf bud cutting, cutting a leaf with axillary buds from branches, is only used to propagate rare varieties.

(2) Before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, the plants were dug up, separated by roots according to their natural forms, and planted in other pots.

(3) Grafting In order to make chrysanthemum grow strong, it can be used to make "Dianthus" or big chrysanthemum, and Artemisia annua or Artemisia annua can be used as rootstock for grafting. Artemisia seeds are sown in a greenhouse in late autumn, or raised in a hotbed in March. When the seedlings are 3-4 cm high in late April, they are moved to pots or planted in fields, and grafted in sunny days in May-June.

(4) Tissue culture Using tissue culture technology to propagate chrysanthemum has the advantages of fast propagation, many seedlings, no virus, and maintaining variety characteristics. The basic culture medium is MS, with appropriate amount of plant hormones, pH5.8. Shoot tips, tender stems or flower buds of chrysanthemum are used as explants, which are cut into small pieces of 0.5 cm for inoculation. The temperature of the culture room is 25℃+65438 0℃. 8 hours a day, the light intensity is 3000-4000 lux. After 1-2 months of culture, seedlings can be induced.

cultivate

(1) The cultivation and management of potted chrysanthemum can be roughly summarized into three ways.

The first-level root system cultivation method is often used in the Yangtze River, Pearl River basin and southwest China. That is, cutting in May. Pot plants in June, stop pinching in early August, strengthen fertilizer and water management to promote their growth in September,10-1flowering. There are five ways to pot chrysanthemum in different places: putting it in pots after cutting has the advantages of less root damage, positive color and long flowering period, but it is more labor-consuming; Plant the pot in a crock, cultivate the cuttings in a crock surrounded by three tiles, and dig out the pot when the flower buds are colored. This method is more labor-saving than the former, but it is easy to damage the roots when digging seedlings, and the quality of flowering period and flowers is not as good as the former; In-situ planting and pot-covering method, the cutting seedlings are planted on high ridges, placed in large-hole pots at the beginning of July, so that the seedlings extend out of the pot holes, soil is added in stages, and underground roots are cut off when developing colors; Pot grafting method: sow Artemisia annua seedlings in March, graft chrysanthemum on Artemisia annua seedlings in May, and then manage according to pot cutting method. In this way, the plants are strong, the flowers are big and the flowers bloom early, but it takes a lot of labor. Through ground planting and pot grafting, the cultivated Artemisia annua seedlings were planted in the border in March, grafted in May, and moved into the pot when the buds were colored. Its advantages are convenient management, strong plantability and large flowers. The disadvantage is that the root injury is heavier.

Two-stage root system cultivation is more common in Northeast China, and it is also applied in Jiangxi and Hunan. From May to June, after transplanting the stems, the seedlings are put into a pot after survival, and soil is added to the depth of the pot 1/3- 1/2. Stop pinching from late July to early August. After the lateral branches grow along the edge of the basin, adjust the height of the plant by the method of disk branches, fix the branches to make them evenly distributed and cover the upper part, and soon the roots will grow on the branches pressed by disk. When the branches grow to a certain height, they can be adjusted again and then fertile soil can be added. By this method, the chrysanthemum has neat and beautiful appearance, short plants, plump leaves, stout branches, large flowers and long flowering period. Because it takes root on the branches, it is called secondary root cultivation.

Three-stage root system cultivation is a common cultivation method in northern China. It takes 1 1 year from winter stalk insertion to flowering in the next year. Beijing Yiju experts summarized the following four stages, namely, overwintering, primary election in late autumn and winter, cutting seedling and strong foot bud; Spring sowing: in mid-April, divide the seedlings into pots without adding fertilizer, put the common rotten leaves on the pots, fix the plates in summer, and promote the growth of foot buds by removing cores. When the foot buds unearthed in mid-July reach about 10cm, the seedlings with sound development and full buds are selected to be planted in pots and raised in autumn. In mid-July, the selected strong seedlings were moved into a pot with a diameter of 20-24 cm, and 0. Pour the chrysanthemum seedlings out of the small pot with a mound, plant them with the new buds as the center, cut off the redundant tillers, add soil to the depth of the original seedlings, and compact them. After changing pots, new plants and mother plants grow at the same time. After the new plants thrive, the old plants are cut down along with the soil. Cut off that female parent, loosening, fil with common culture, and adding 20%-30% decomposed compost. At this time, the basin has been ......

When will chrysanthemums be potted?

Chrysanthemum is a famous flower in China. It has many varieties and bright colors. Besides high ornamental value, it also has certain use value and edible value. It has been deeply loved by the people for thousands of years. Chrysanthemums can be divided into early chrysanthemums that open in September, autumn chrysanthemums from 10 to 1 month, and late chrysanthemums from1February to the following year1month. In northern China, there are many autumn chrysanthemums in autumn. After autumn, you can see them standing proudly on the balcony of street flower beds, green belts and residential areas.

Chrysanthemum is a perennial herbaceous flower, which likes a cool climate, abundant sunshine and well-ventilated environment, and is cold-resistant and frost-resistant. With strong adaptability and vigorous growth, the daily management of potted chrysanthemums is very simple.

Watering: the number of watering and the amount of water should be determined according to the characteristics of each growth period of chrysanthemum. In general, chrysanthemum seedlings are small and watered less in spring, which is beneficial to the development of roots; In summer, plants are large, the temperature is high, and the water evaporates quickly, so it is necessary to replenish enough water in time. Water should be sprayed around the branches and leaves and on the ground to increase the air humidity. The temperature difference between day and night in autumn is large, which is the vigorous growth period of chrysanthemum, so watering should be increased appropriately; In winter, flower seedlings overwinter and need water control. Water in the basin should be avoided at any time in the four seasons. In addition, when watering, we must be careful not to let the muddy water pollute the leaves, because this will not only be troublesome to clean, but also affect the ornamental of chrysanthemums.

Fertilization: Nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer in the growth period of chrysanthemum, so as to apply fertilizer thinly and diligently. Nitrogen fertilizer should be stopped in bud pregnancy and potassium fertilizer should be applied once a week. You can also master it flexibly according to the growth of plants. If the chrysanthemum leaves are thin and yellow, it means that fertilization is needed, while the leaves are thick and black, which means that fertilizer is enough and no fertilization is needed.

Plastic pruning: timely coring pruning can reduce plant height, avoid lodging, promote lateral branches and prolong flowering period. Generally, potted chrysanthemums can be denuded for the first time when they grow to about 5 leaves after being planted in the field, and then they can be denuded again when their lateral branches grow to 4 or 5 leaves ... This situation has been repeated until the work stopped a few days before and after beginning of autumn. During this period, plants will sprout a lot of axillary buds, so they should be pinched off by hand in time to reduce the consumption of nutrients.

Propagation: Chrysanthemum is generally propagated by branches within the family. After chrysanthemum blooms in autumn and winter, the mother plant will be cut off and many new buds will soon grow. After the spring of the following year, these small buds were dug up together with the mother plant and divided into potted plants.

Overwintering: In the northern region, chrysanthemums need to be moved indoors for overwintering. The specific method is: after the flowers wither, cut off the plants, water them once, put them in a sunny room, keep the room temperature at about three degrees, and strictly control the moisture to make the chrysanthemum roots in a dormant state. Until the weather gets warmer next year, gradually increase the amount of watering, move to a warm and sunny place, and resume normal maintenance. But now many friends don't have the conditions at home, and there is no cold room with suitable temperature, which makes it more difficult for chrysanthemums to survive the winter. Everyone can adapt to local conditions, and those who have no conditions can only give up. It's not bad to buy a new pot of replanting next year.

In addition, chrysanthemum also has the function of resisting harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride and hydrogen chloride. Family planting can not only beautify the environment, but also reduce air pollution, which is beneficial to people's physical and mental health.

How often do you water potted chrysanthemums this season? Do you need fertilization? Beginners don't understand, thank you

At this time, chrysanthemums are not afraid of too much water, so they should provide enough water without fertilization. After all, it is the flowering period, and it will be updated after the flowering period. Pay attention to protecting the foot buds.

When do plants need fertilization?

Fertilization of plants should be carried out in vegetative and reproductive stages. But also very important and necessary. Nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used in general vegetative growth period, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are mainly used in reproductive growth period. Moreover, the best time for fertilization is when the substrate is slightly dry and grows vigorously. At this time, the absorption rate of fertilization is high and the demand is large.

Plant fertilization can not be topdressing when plants lack nutrition. When there is no shortage of fertilizer, it must be supplemented, otherwise it will not meet the requirements.

Fertilization should be carried out in the morning according to the daily time period, which is beneficial to the dilution and decomposition of fertilizer and the absorption of plants after fertilization.

How to raise chrysanthemums? Do you like basking in the sun? Do you still need fertilization after watering for a few days? Thank you!

Chrysanthemums can be planted in pots or fields, but continuous cropping is forbidden in the fields. Chrysanthemum has strong adaptability and low requirements for climate and soil, and can be cultivated all over the country. Chrysanthemums like humidity, but avoid water accumulation. Love water and shade, avoid hot sun, and belong to short-day plants. Chrysanthemum is cold-resistant and grows well in sandy soil rich in humus, well-drained and ventilated climate conditions; Germination begins when the temperature is above 10℃, and 20℃-25℃ is the most suitable for growth.

Different cultivation methods of chrysanthemum determine different management methods. This paper mainly introduces the management methods of potted chrysanthemum. Every chrysanthemum lover hopes that the chrysanthemums he cultivates will flourish. In order to achieve this goal, we must do a good job in changing pots, watering, fertilizing, coring and thinning chrysanthemum buds.

(1) Change pots: After chrysanthemum seedlings survive cutting, put pots on cloudy days. The basin soil should be fertile sand, and the basin should be changed 2-3 times. The pot can be fixed in July, and 6 parts of humus soil, 3 parts of sandy soil and cake fertilizer residue 1 part can be selected to make mixed soil plants. After watering, put it in the shade, and after the plants grow normally, gradually move it to the sunny place for maintenance.

(2) Watering: timely, appropriate and reasonable watering is required. Its success is directly related to the growth and flowering of chrysanthemum. In spring, chrysanthemum seedlings are tender and should be watered less, which is beneficial to the root development of chrysanthemum seedlings; In summer, chrysanthemum seedlings grow, the weather is hot, the evaporation is large, and the water should be sufficient. You can water it once in the morning and once in the evening, and spray water on the branches and leaves of chrysanthemum and the surrounding ground with a watering can to increase the environmental humidity. Before beginning of autumn, it was necessary to control water and fertilizer properly to prevent plants from jumping and growing wildly. Before flowering in early autumn, it is necessary to increase the amount of watering and start fertilizing. In winter, the flower branches basically stop growing, the water consumption of plants is obviously reduced, and the evaporation is also small, so watering must be strictly controlled.

In addition, it is best to spray water slowly with a watering can, and not to pour it violently. In addition to the number and frequency of watering, it depends on the season and the weather. Water less or no water in rainy days; When the temperature is high and the evaporation is large, there is more water, and vice versa. Generally, when watering flowers, you should see that the soil in the pot is dry. If you don't do it, you should water it thoroughly, but don't let the flowerpot accumulate water, otherwise it will cause rotten roots, yellow leaves and plant death.

(3) Fertilization: When chrysanthemum plants are planted, base fertilizer should be applied in the pot. In the future, when topdressing plants, don't overdo it prematurely, and generally apply light fertilizer once every 10 day. After beginning of autumn, when the chrysanthemum buds are pregnant to the present buds, slightly thick fertilizer water can be applied once a week; When the buds are ready to be released, fertilization will be suspended after applying thick fertilizer water again. If calcium superphosphate or 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be applied to chrysanthemum at this time, the flowers will bloom more brightly.

It should be noted that every fertilization should be applied when the soil in the basin is dry, and the soil should be loosened before fertilization, and then watered. Don't pour fertilizer on plants and leaves to prevent them from turning yellow and rotting. After fertilization, it is best to spray water on plants with a watering can to wash off the fertilizer solution on the leaves of plants.

(4) Picking and thinning buds: when the chrysanthemum plant grows to a height of more than 10 cm, it begins to pick the heart. When the core is removed, only 4-5 leaves are left at the base of the plant, and all the upper leaves are removed. When the new branches grow 5-6 leaves in the later leaves, 4-7 main branches should be retained by coring, and the branches and buds that grow in the later leaves should be removed in time. As the saying goes, "chrysanthemums are not full", pinching can make plants branch, effectively control plant height and plant type, and make them grow short and strong. When the core is removed for the last time, the chrysanthemum plants should be trimmed, and too many branches, too many branches and too weak branches should be removed, and 3-5 branches should be kept. When the buds appear in September, the buds at the lower end of the plant should be picked, leaving only one bud at the top on each branch. In this way, each pot of chrysanthemum can bloom 4-7 flowers, and the flowers will be bigger and more ornamental.

How to maintain potted chrysanthemum

1, upstream basin

16-20 can plant chrysanthemum seedlings with roots; In a centimeter-caliber mud pot, three tiles are placed at the bottom to block the drainage hole, but not the drainage. Then some culture soil (which can be composed of 40% garden soil, 30% green chaff and 30% decomposed chicken house manure, or 70% garden soil and 30% green chaff ash) is added, and chrysanthemum seedlings are placed in the center of the pot, and the seedlings are righted and compacted with soil to keep the soil. When the seedlings grow up, they should be replaced with 23-27 cm pottery pots according to their growth needs. When changing pots, if there is decomposed base fertilizer, it can be used as base fertilizer to pad at the bottom of pots to supplement the nutrition of culture soil, which is beneficial to plant growth.

water

Watering is a routine and meticulous work, and it is also the key to chrysanthemum growth. It is best to water rivers, ponds and stored rainwater with less mineral water. The water temperature should be close to the soil temperature, and it should be watered at noon in winter and in the morning or evening in summer. The amount of watering depends on the weather, soil and seedlings: in the high temperature and dry season, the evaporation is large, and it is watered 1-2 times a day; Water less or no water in cold rainy days. In case of heavy rain, it should be watered in time to avoid waterlogging, rot and death of chrysanthemum roots. See the seedlings and master the water demand law of chrysanthemum in different growth stages. Newly transplanted and potted chrysanthemum seedlings must be watered enough for the first time, and the amount of water at seedling stage should not be too much. With the growth of chrysanthemum seedlings, the temperature will gradually increase and the water quantity will also increase. The evaporation is small after removing the core and shaping, so it is necessary to reduce the watering amount and return to normal after germination. After the growth period, when the buds are ready to release, the water demand is more, and the water demand will decrease after flowering. It seems that before watering, check whether the topsoil is white, and then water it when the soil is white. Avoid continuous watering of wet basin soil. If the pot soil is too wet for a long time, it will cause chrysanthemum seedlings to wither or die. If soil splashes on the leaves after watering or raining, it should be washed with clear water in time, otherwise the leaves will fall easily.

Step 3 apply fertilizer

The amount and time of fertilization depend on the growth of chrysanthemum seedlings. If the leaves are thin and yellow, it means that the fertilizer is insufficient; Thick black leaves indicate excessive fertilization. The growth period of chrysanthemum is mainly based on nitrogen application, and the principle of thin chemical fertilizer application is adhered to. Fertilization at seedling stage is light and the dosage is small. Generally, once every 10- 1 5 days 1 5% decomposed human excrement is applied. In the middle growth period, the demand for fertilizer increases. Fertilize once every 3-4 days, but consider the differences between varieties and individuals, such as applying more coarse seeds instead of fine seeds, applying less dark green leaves and applying more yellow-green leaves. During the budding period of chrysanthemum (half a month before the bud begins to germinate), the use of nitrogen fertilizer must be stopped, and exogenous fertilization should be carried out with 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once a week, ***3 times. After the bud is formed, continue to use concentrated nitrogen fertilizer (20%-30% decomposed human feces) until it blooms. When applying fertilizer, it is necessary to prevent the fertilizer from splashing on the leaves, and the residual fertilizer on the leaves should be washed with clear water immediately. Be sure to water the next day after fertilization (commonly known as "backwater").

4, removing core and bud

Removing the top of the main branch can promote the flowering of new branches, control the height of plants and prolong the flowering period. For example, after the last topping, Xiao Ju can blossom after 70 days, and chrysanthemum can blossom after 80 days. Generally, the number of enucleation of chrysanthemum is 3 times, and that of Xiao Ju is 5 times. Half a month after chrysanthemum transplanting (the end of mid-June), the plant height is about 20 cm, and the first coring can be carried out. The method is as follows: leave 3-4 leaves at the base (3-4 buds can germinate) and remove all the main leaves at the top. About 25 days later, the axillary buds of the leaves grow side branches again. At this time, two leaves were left under the lateral branches, and all the others were removed, and it stopped in 25 days (usually 4 days before "beginning of autumn" or 3 days after "beginning of autumn" at the latest). The method is as above. Xiao Ju's every worry, about 18 days apart, stopped in late August. After the chrysanthemum stopped, new techniques and new buds sprouted, and these new buds should be pulled out at any time. After half a month (late August), cut off the new branches and redundant branches, leaving only 5-7 evenly distributed technical strips as needed. Chrysanthemum buds are many. In order to achieve the predetermined number of flowers and flower uniformity, from the beginning of 10 to the middle of 10, 10, only one bud with the same size as the whole plant is left on each branch, and other buds are picked again, but not all at once, otherwise the damage can't be made up.

5, column

Chrysanthemums tend to lodging easily when they grow up, so a pillar should be set up next to the trunk of chrysanthemums in late July. The number of columns can be increased or decreased according to the number of flower heads, and the column material is made of thin bamboo poles. When flowering, tie each flower at different distances and angles to make it evenly distributed, neat and beautiful.

How to fertilize potted flowers

Fertilization for large-scale planting of potted flowers: firstly, a certain amount of organic fertilizer can be added to the culture medium as the base fertilizer, and at the same time, a certain amount of inorganic fertilizer can be added, but the dosage is small, otherwise seedling burning will occur. Secondly, in the process of potted flower cultivation, the fertilizer is dissolved in water by watering and fertilizing, and the general concentration is 1000 to 2000 times, but at the same time, attention should be paid to the types of flowers. Different flowers have different degrees of fertilizer preference, and the water-holding capacity of the substrate also affects the fertilizer concentration. Thirdly, in the process of flower growth, foliar fertilizer can also be used to supplement nutrition, and the general concentration is 0.2%~05%.

How to fertilize potted chrysanthemum with tall and thin stems

You see, you can't even raise chrysanthemums to a high level, and you haven't mastered the basic knowledge of cultivation. These are all carried out through fertilization, shaping, coring, illumination and water management. Chrysanthemum is not difficult to raise, it is not easy to raise well, and it needs technical support. Many things need to be improvised. Improvisation is based on the understanding of the relevant process, not a few words. It is suggested to browse more relevant technologies to enrich the foundation.

How to breed chrysanthemums and what fertilizer should be applied?

Simple chrysanthemums are easy to raise.

Do indoor potted plants need fertilization?

Indoor potted plants must be watered. As for how much water to water,

1, depending on the season. In summer, the temperature is high, the water evaporation is large, and plants absorb more water. When it is dry in winter, the soil dries easily. The air is also dry in autumn, so plants need to replenish water constantly. Because of the high air humidity in spring, it is not advisable to water too much.

2. According to different varieties, different plant varieties need different water supply. Such as dahlias, chrysanthemums and hydrangeas, flowers with large leaves consume a lot of water; However, cactus, which was originally adapted to the growth of arid desert areas, has strong drought resistance and less water demand. It doesn't matter if these plants are watered only once every few days. Otherwise, the soil is too wet and will wither due to rotten roots. Herbaceous flowers and woody flowers have different requirements for water. Herbaceous flowers have more suitable water, while woody flowers have less suitable water. Larger blades need more than smaller blades. The leaves are soft and dense, smoother than the leaves, and have more waxy water.

3, look at the size of potted plants, of course, large potted plants need more water than small potted plants. However, if the potted plants are large and the water storage capacity of soil particles is limited, more water should be poured to supplement them.

It is best to spray potted plants indoors with a sprayer, or move them outdoors for sprinkler irrigation and then put them back, because this can not only spray water evenly, but also wet the leaves and wash the dust, which will make the growth favorable and increase the aesthetic feeling.

As for the problem of fertilizer, indoor potted plants can generally be ignored, because the plants selected for layout are basically finished products, and the growth stage has shifted to flowering (that is, maturity). At the same time, because the indoor decoration of potted plants has changed the normal living environment, excessive fertilization will be counterproductive. In addition, indoor fertilizer will produce unpleasant smell, which will affect health. Therefore, it is generally better not to fertilize. Of course, if it is possible to rotate potted plants regularly and take them outdoors for maintenance, we can properly consider using some weak fertilizers for onions outdoors to supplement the plant's demand for nutrients.