At present, the popular imported varieties of F 1 mainly include Haario, Latinia and Metis series of French Morel company, Ridge series of American Goldsmith company, Concerto series of Dutch S&G company and Falino series of the Netherlands.
(1) Problems needing attention in sowing period.
The sowing period of cyclamen persicum is generally from June 1 1 to March of the following year, and it can be listed one after another after June 1. The sowing principle is that the big flower series should be earlier than the middle flower series, and the middle flower series should be earlier than the small flower series. It is more cost-effective to use manual sowing in small gardening fields. It is best to use 128 hole or 288 hole to raise seedlings. The choice of substrate is very important, and it is better to be loose, breathable, permeable and strong in fertilizer and water retention. In order to improve the germination rate and seedling rate, it is best to use imported seedling substrate. 10% ~ 25% of small perlite can be added. The pH value of the substrate is 6.0 ~ 6.5, and the EC value is 0.5 ~ 0.75. The pH value of the substrate can be adjusted to the required range by adding nitric acid or calcium carbonate.
If you use imported peat, you don't need to add fertilizer; If domestic peat is used, it is best to add 500g NPK compound fertilizer in the ratio of 1: 1: 2 per cubic matrix, and at the same time add a certain amount of bactericide (such as chlorothalonil 1kg/ cubic matrix) and insecticide (such as Loeb or carbofuran 1.5kg/ cubic matrix) to prevent Fusarium. Fungicides do not promote or inhibit seed germination, but can prevent diseases.
The key of Cyclamen persicum is to ensure high air humidity during sowing and seedling emergence, especially in the critical period of shelling within 20 days after removing the white plastic sheet (about 25-30 days after sowing), and to ensure that the air humidity is above 85%. But it should not be too large, so as not to cause sudden collapse.
(2) Problems needing attention after serving.
The cultivation cycle of Cyclamen persicum usually goes through two pot-turning. The first time, it is transplanted from 128 hole or 288 hole tray to 50 hole tray or flowerpot with a diameter of 6.5cm× 6.5cm. The second time, when the real leaves grow to 6 ~ 8 pieces, it is transplanted to a plastic flowerpot with a diameter of 16 cm.
Matrix preparation: When domestic peat soil is used, the ratio of perlite to vermiculite can be 6∶ 1∶ 1 or 6∶2∶2. Perlite has good air permeability, and vermiculite has water retention function. When preparing the matrix, it is best to add the following substances to the domestic peat soil per cubic meter: 480 grams of potassium nitrate, 350 grams of magnesium sulfate, 250 grams of ammonium nitrate, 2000 grams of calcium carbonate and chicken manure 10 kg. If imported peat is used, the ratio of peat to perlite is 3∶ 1, and the effect is better. Or directly adopt imported peat for cultivation without perlite, the effect is better, but the cost is relatively high. The ratio of pretreated coconut bran to perlite is 3∶ 1, and the effect is also good.
Temperature regulation: the optimum temperature for cyclamen growth is 15 ~ 24℃. In the range of 10 ~ 22℃, the higher the temperature, the earlier the flowering. It is best not to be lower than 10℃ in winter, otherwise it will cause root rot, curly leaves, small flowers and dim color. Plants above 28℃ will stop growing for a long time in summer; When the temperature exceeds 35℃, plants will rot and die easily. Experiments show that low temperature at night can promote flowering, and flowering is the earliest under the conditions of daily temperature of 65438 08℃ and night temperature of 65438 05℃, but the flowers are small.
Light treatment: the suitable light intensity for cyclamen growth is 25,000 ~ 45,000 lux. Above this light intensity, it can be controlled by comprehensive measures such as shading, cooling and spraying. Cyclamen persicum is a daytime neutral plant, and the change of sunshine length has no decisive effect on flower bud differentiation and flowering, but sunshine length and intensity can change its flowering rate and flower development process, and increase the accumulation of organic matter. Light intensity is the decisive factor in the process of transforming leaf buds into flower buds. Try to create conditions where you can see more light and less strong light, so as to avoid strong light from damaging the leaves. Adjust the light intensity with a sunshade net, and shade from 4 ~ 5 pm on sunny morning 10. Use the weather to adjust the light in rainy days. Try to keep a certain temperature difference (about 8 ~ 10℃) when installing and removing the sunshade net. Excessive temperature difference is not conducive to the accumulation of carbohydrates, which will make cyclamen consume too much energy and is not conducive to its growth and development. It should also be noted that when placing flowerpots, the distance between pots should not be too large, and it is best to put them in a position where the leaves do not overlap. With the growth of flowers, it is best to open the distance between potted flowers once a week to achieve better growth effect.
Air humidity: 1 Before the blade is formed, the air humidity should be higher than 95%; 2 ~ 3 true leaves appear, and the air humidity should be higher than 85%; 4 ~ 5 true leaves appear, and the air humidity should be between 75% and 85%; When it reaches more than 6 true leaves, the air humidity can be maintained at 65% ~ 85%. Cyclamen likes a well-ventilated environment very much, so it is necessary to turn on the ventilation window frequently or install a built-in circulating fan. At the same time, in order to make cyclamen have a perfect plant shape, it is necessary to drain the water in the basin in time and often carry out artificial shaping to make it grow layer by layer and orderly.
Fertilization management: Special fertilizers suitable for different growth stages of cyclamen can be selected, such as commercial fertilizers such as' Huaduoduo',' Huiyou',' Meiwo' and' Huawuque'. Formula fertilization can also be used, and the ratio of N∶P∶K is 1∶0.6∶2, which is more suitable for the growth of cyclamen persicum. Pay attention to EC values, which are 0.8 ~ 1.2 for young seedlings, 0/.2 ~1.5 for middle seedlings and 0/.5 ~1.8 for big seedlings.
(3) Key points of flowering management.
The use of pesticides should be stopped two months before flowering to ensure the luster of finished flowers. The flowering period is New Year's Day or Spring Festival, and the temperature is low. The fat water you pour should be heated first. In general, the water temperature poured into the basin should not be lower than 14℃ or higher than 18℃. The lowest temperature in winter should be above 10℃, otherwise the color will be dim, which will affect the ornamental value and easily lead to gray mold.
At flowering stage, the frequency of fertilizer application should be reduced, and watering is the main method, preferably twice, 1 fertilization. Increase the air humidity to above 50%. If the air humidity is too low, the flower buds will dry up and turn black, the flowering period will be shortened, the petals will rust, and the leaves will be dull. During the transportation of finished products, the temperature should be kept above 10℃, and the minimum temperature should not be lower than 5℃ for a long time to avoid frostbite.
(4) pest control management.
Cyclamen to prevent and control pests and diseases, we should disinfect our hands first, put the substrate on a special mat and rub it with our hands, and use new plugs for sowing to avoid infection with germs. Pay attention to disinfection when installing plugs. In order not to make the plug directly contact the ground and infect bacteria, the plug should be placed on the sterilized plastic film. You can also use a plastic bracket to separate the flowerpot from the ground, which can not only prevent cross-infection of germs, but also obtain better ventilation effect. After the emergence of Cyclamen persicum, the seedlings should be tempered, the supply of fertilizer and water should be properly controlled, and the light should be increased to improve the stress resistance of the seedlings. At this time, we should pay attention to the prevention of fungi and bacteria, spray once every 7 ~ 10 days, and several fungicides should be used alternately to achieve good results. The harm of mites and thrips has a great influence on the quality of cyclamen seedlings, so it should be observed frequently, and dicofol should be sprayed in time according to the instructions after discovery.