Experiments show that; Using ectomycorrhiza can make trees mature 4 ~ 5 years in advance. In addition, the study of ectomycorrhizal fungi and their mycorrhizal relationship is also of practical significance for further domesticating wild edible fungi and expanding the cultivation and production of high-quality edible fungi.
Alias Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus blazei and Volvariella volvacea.
Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing, a Agaricus mushroom belonging to Basidiomycetes, is used as medicine.
Habitat is distributed in vegetable gardens, fields and gardens after autumn rain. Distributed everywhere.
Wood rot fungi
There are about 500 species of wood rot fungi clearly recorded in China. The white rot of this wood is mainly caused by Polyporus, Coriolus versicolor and kelp. Wood brown rot is caused by Pleurotus ostreatus and Cephalotaxus fortunei. In addition, the common wood rot fungi of Agaricus blazei Murill include Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinus edodes and Hericium erinaceus.
Tree or wood rot caused by white rot fungi or brown rot fungi can be said to be harmful macrofungi, but harmful and beneficial are often relative. Wood rot fungi and many fungi were cleaned up by visual forest. They can decompose litter and return to nature, participate in the material cycle, promote the natural metabolism of trees and maintain ecological balance. White rot fungi are the only known organisms that can completely degrade lignin into carbon dioxide and water. People are studying how to use them to degrade lignin. Laccase produced by white rot fungi can degrade refractory substances in papermaking wastewater.
poisonous mushroom
There are many kinds of poisonous mushrooms in China, which are widely distributed and rich in resources. In mountainous rural areas and towns, cases of eating poisonous mushrooms by mistake are common, and serious poisoning deaths are reported almost every year. It was once thought to be one of the causes of many food poisoning. Therefore, the identification of poisonous mushrooms has always been a matter of great concern. Relevant parties have done a lot of publicity work on popular science knowledge, but people who have been poisoned by eating by mistake still happen frequently. Because it is not easy to identify poisonous bacteria, the only way is not to try unfamiliar mushrooms easily in the wild, and at the same time, don't listen to them. Be sure to distinguish clearly or consult people with practical experience before eating. If you feel uncomfortable after eating mushrooms, you should go to the hospital for treatment in time. Don't be careless
We can divide mushroom poisoning cases into six types:
(1) Gastrointestinal poisoning type: The usual symptoms of poisoning are severe nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. This kind of poisoning can be caused by poisonous mushrooms, such as Lycopodium brownii, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii, and there are more than 80 known species.
(2) Neuropsychiatric types: more than 60 kinds are known. Poisoning symptoms are nervous system symptoms such as mental excitement, insanity or depression. Such as poison amanita, Pleurotus eryngii, etc., can cause hallucinations after poisoning.
(3) Hemolytic type: the main symptom is hemolytic anemia within 1-2 days, and the symptoms are sudden chills, fever, abdominal pain, headache in the back and limbs, pallor, nausea, vomiting, general weakness, irritability and shortness of breath. Such poisoning symptoms are mainly caused by deer flower fungus.
(4) Liver damage type: There are about 20 kinds related to this kind of poisoning. In addition to the above-mentioned species containing toxic peptides and toxic umbrella peptides, such as some species of Pleurotus.
(5) Respiratory and circulatory failure type: The main poisonous mushroom causing this type is black mushroom with secondary sparse folds. The mortality rate is high.
(6) Photoallergic dermatitis: At present, such symptoms are found in China caused by auricularia auricula.
edible mushrooms
Edible fungi are ideal natural food or multifunctional food. At present, the most commonly eaten mushroom in the world is Agaricus bisporus. There is great potential to further screen and domesticate high-quality production strains from wild species. China domesticated and cultivated Lentinus edodes, Auricularia auricula, Auricularia auricula, Tremella fuciformis, Volvariella volvacea, Flammulina velutipes, Hericium erinaceus and Dictyophora dictyopteris for the first time in the world, and now domesticated Tricholoma mongolica. Wild edible fungi such as Boletus edulis, Morchella esculenta, Pleurotus ostreatus and so on can also be collected and supplied to domestic and foreign markets in large quantities.
Medicinal mushrooms
At present, there are more than 500 kinds of medicinal and effective macrofungi in China. In addition to Poria cocos, Cordyceps sinensis and Ganoderma lucidum, Coriolus versicolor, tree flower and Cordyceps gunnii, as well as Armillaria mellea, Lepidoptera Anlene, Sophora japonica, Paecilomyces lactuca, black stalk charcoal, etc. have been newly discovered and used as medicines in recent years.
The medicinal parts are mainly fruiting bodies, but some of them are processed from a large number of mycelium produced by modern fermentation industry technology. Studies at home and abroad show that natural medicinal fungi have their unique advantages. At present, in the search for drugs to treat modern civilized diseases such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes, it is undoubtedly promising to screen from traditional Chinese medicines including fungi.