1, planting soil, the most suitable soil structure for olive tree growth: calcareous soil accounts for15-25%; Sandy loam accounts for 40-50%; Clay10-20%; Humus 5- 10%. In the high temperature and rainy climate, clay accounts for more than 35% of the soil, which is not conducive to planting olive trees. Planting olive trees should choose soil with deep soil layer, certain gravel and good air permeability.

2, furrow application, base fertilizer using furrow application method. An annular groove or symmetrical groove is dug outside the projection of the olive crown, with a depth of 40-60 cm and a width of 30-40 cm. The fertilizer is put in the ditch and mixed with the soil, then dug and covered. At present, this fertilization method is rarely used in Italy. The reason is time-consuming and labor-intensive. However, a small number of scattered olive trees and olive trees planted around them still use furrowing fertilization.

3. Fertilization: evenly spread the fertilizer on the soil surface around the crown of olive, and plow and rake it into the soil with a tractor, and the depth of plow and rake is 5- 10 cm. Fertilization is combined with intertillage and turning green manure.

4. Drip irrigation, which is a newly popularized fertilization method. When fertilizing, the fertilizer is dissolved and put into the fertilizer box of the drip irrigation system, and then the fertilizer is input into the root soil layer of the olive tree along with the drip irrigation pipe. No matter which method is used to fertilize, it is required to use phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in winter. The suitable application depth in soil is 25-30 cm. Apply 45% nitrogen fertilizer before germination in spring. Two-thirds of the nitrogen application rate of olive trees in the rich period was applied before germination, and 1/3 was applied in the Shi Jian period.

5. Plastic pruning, the yield-increasing effect and economic benefit of olive tree pruning are provided by the adjustment function of pruning. Reasonable pruning can directly create the maximum space utilization rate and the best photosynthetic area and absorption area (root system), thus obtaining high-yield and high-quality olive fruit. The yield of Foao varieties increased by 8.3% by cutting off half branches and leaves compared with cutting off one third.

6. Prevention and control of cotton scale pests. Nymphs in the cotton scale belt suck the juice of olive trees, causing deciduous leaves, dead branches and weak trees, inducing soot disease and affecting photosynthesis. It occurs for 3 ~ 4 generations every year. After the cool autumn in June 5438+ 10, the insect population began to surge, which often occurred in June 5438+ 10 ~ April, mainly damaging the spring shoots of olive trees. With the increase of temperature, the population density decreased, especially in early autumn and summer.