1, ovulation function is impaired.
Women must ovulate to get pregnant. If the hormone is out of balance, it will not promote the egg to mature and ovulate, leading to infertility. There are many factors that cause ovulation disorders, such as severe malnutrition, allergies, unhealthy ways to lose weight, heavy work pressure, excessive exercise intensity, and frequent exposure to serious chemical pollution or excessive radiation. Most of the symptoms are anovulation in menstrual cycle, or ovulation but luteal insufficiency after ovulation.
2. Some diseases will affect ovulation.
Women will also have ovulation disorders due to some disease factors, and even no eggs will be discharged. Polycystic ovarian disease is common, which easily leads to hormone imbalance in the body, ovulation disorder and even infertility; In addition, some chromosomal abnormalities, such as early-onset ovarian failure, are also common causes of ovulation disorders.
3. Obstacles in fallopian tubes.
Too long or too narrow fallopian tube, lumen occlusion, hydrops or adhesion caused by tubal inflammation will all hinder the operation of sperm, eggs or fertilized eggs. Sperm and eggs can't pass smoothly, of course, they can't get pregnant, and even have the risk of ectopic pregnancy. The causes of tubal obstruction are mostly related to the sequelae of bacterial infection, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, tuberculosis transfer infection or induced abortion infection, and a small number of patients are caused by congenital malformation or tubal loss.
4. Cervical lesions affect pregnancy.
The cervix is the first passage for sperm to enter the uterine cavity. Sperm must pass through the cervical canal and enter the uterine cavity with cervical mucus as the medium. If there is something wrong with the secretion, pH or consistency of cervical mucus, or if there are anti-sperm antibodies in cervical mucus, sperm will not pass through the cervix, which will lead to infertility. Congenital abnormality, cervical canal atresia or stenosis, cervical polyp and cervical erosion are all common causes of infertility caused by preventing sperm from penetrating the cervical canal or completely incapacitating sperm.
5, uterine lesions affect pregnancy.
Female uterine hypoplasia, or congenital malformation, will cause abortion or infertility; In addition, endometrial diseases, such as endometriosis, endometrial polyps, submucosal fibroids, intrauterine adhesions, premature endometrial closure and other factors, will affect the normal implantation of fertilized eggs, leading to the risk of infertility.
6. Ovarian factors lead to infertility
Hormones secreted by the ovary act on the endometrium, which makes the endometrium proliferate and thicken, providing a fertile development environment for the normal growth of fertilized eggs. If there are problems in the ovarian system, such as ovarian hypoplasia, luteal insufficiency, premature ovarian failure, polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian tumors, etc., which lead to failure of follicular development or normal ovulation, it will cause infertility.
7. Abnormal pathological changes of reproductive organs
Congenital dysplasia or acquired lesions of female reproductive organs can easily hinder the unobstructed reproductive passage from vulva to fallopian tube, affect the function of reproductive system, and hinder the normal combination of sperm and eggs, thus leading to infertility.
8. Other factors leading to female infertility
The existence of anti-sperm antibodies in female reproductive tract or serum leads to mutual coagulation of sperm, thus losing vitality or death, thus affecting fertility; In addition, there are zona pellucida antibody-like substances in the serum of some patients, which prevent sperm from penetrating eggs for fertilization and lead to infertility.
9. How to check female infertility?
1, basal body temperature measurement
After ovulation, progesterone secreted by the ovary will increase the body temperature of women. Women will take their body temperature immediately after waking up every morning and draw a temperature change line, from which we can observe whether they are ovulating. Generally speaking, women's body temperature after menstruation is generally around 36.5℃, reaching the lowest point on the day of ovulation, then rising by 0.3℃-0.5℃, maintaining 12 to 16 days, and decreasing to the lowest point the day before menstruation. This low basal body temperature in the first half and high basal body temperature in the second half is called biphasic body temperature, which indicates ovulation in this period.
2, female private parts smear
Epithelial cells in women's private parts also change periodically with the influence of ovarian cycle. Observing the cells in the pictures of women's private parts can reflect the level of estrogen in the body, thus understanding the endocrine situation of women, and can roughly understand the ovarian function of menstrual disorder, but the disadvantage is that it is impossible to determine whether to ovulate.
3. Endometrial biopsy
The endometrium is the place where fertilized eggs are implanted. Endometrial biopsy can help us to know whether the ovary has ovulation and secretion period, and whether the endometrium has organic diseases such as inflammation, polyps and cancer. In addition to ovarian function, other diseases such as hirsutism, dysfunctional uterine bleeding and milk secretion after delivery should be further differentiated in order to make an accurate diagnosis.
4. Cervical mucus examination
The mucus secretion of cervical glands will change periodically with the influence of ovarian cycle. After menstruation, the cervical mucus is small and sticky, while during ovulation, the mucus is transparent, thin and stringy. When placed on a glass sheet, the dentate crystals of sheep can be observed under a microscope.
5. Examination of exfoliated cells in female private parts
The mucosal cells of female private parts change periodically with the changes of ovarian hormones. During the menstrual cycle, epithelial cells in women's private parts gradually change from small round basal cells to oval, boat-shaped and then to large polygonal cells.
6, tubal patency examination
Tubal patency examination is an examination method to diagnose the patency of uterine fallopian tube cavity, tubal obstruction and its position, and to judge whether it is patency after tubal plastic surgery. It mainly includes salpingostomy, salpingography and hysteroscopy.
7. Tubal drainage
The method of tubal drainage is simple and easy, without special equipment, but it can't understand the morphological and pathological changes of fallopian tubes, and there are many false negatives, which have certain limitations. If the fallopian tube drainage results show that the fallopian tube drainage is not smooth or blocked, salpingography can be performed.
8, salpingography
The contrast agent is injected into the uterine cavity through the cervical canal, which forms obvious artificial contrast with the surrounding tissues under the X-ray film to develop the lumen, so as to understand the situation in the uterus and fallopian tube cavity, which can not only show whether the fallopian tube is unobstructed and blocked, but also observe the shape of the fallopian tube and uterine cavity.
9. Hysteroscopy
Choosing the experiment of tubal intubation and fluid drainage under hysteroscope can diagnose and treat tubal patency with high accuracy, but the operation is complicated and needs to be carried out under certain conditions.