These are two common horticultural plant management techniques, and their related concepts and classifications are as follows:

1. Grafting-Cut off some branches or single buds of one plant, put them on the stems or roots of another plant, and stimulate them to grow into plants through artificial trauma.

Mainly divided into three forms: branch grafting, bud grafting and bud grafting with xylem.

2. Cutting-cutting off some vegetative organs (such as stems, leaves and roots) of plants, placing them in suitable environmental conditions to produce new roots, stems and leaves, and then becoming new plants.

Mainly divided into three forms: root cutting, stem cutting and leaf cutting.

So, do you know the basic principles of "grafting" and "cutting"? Do you know its function and significance?

Second, the basis of relevant principles.

First of all, let's take a look at the "regenerative ability" of plants and the three main parts of plants with cell viability:

1, plant regeneration ability

A complete plant, including roots, stems, branches, leaves, flowers, fruits and so on. The regeneration ability of plants refers to the ability of the remaining vegetative organs to regrow the lost parts with the help of meristem and transformation characteristics of their own cells under suitable environmental conditions.

2. Plants have the strongest vitality.

(1), root tip growth point.

Elongate root meristem, form root system, distribute underground soil pressure, absorb water and provide nutrition for plant growth.

(2) The growth point of shoot tip.

The shoot tip is divided and elongated, so that the branches and leaves of the crown occupy the above-ground space, carry out photosynthesis, make nutrients and meet the needs of plants. -The unique division and meristematic ability of growing point cells in plants is also one of the theoretical foundations of plant tissue culture and seedling raising technology.

(3), forming a layer.

Cambium is a layer of cell tissue between plant cortex and xylem, which has high viability. Its cells divide constantly, forming phloem outward and xylem inward, which shows the lateral thickening growth of plants.

3. The principle of grafting

Under suitable environmental conditions, the cambium cells of scion and rootstock will divide rapidly after injury, forming new thin-walled callus at the wound, and then contacting and fusing with each other to produce new cambium, connecting the conduit and sieve tube between rootstock and scion, so that the growth of rootstock root system and scion can be combined into new plants.

4. The principle of cutting

-Using some organs of plants with strong meristematic and regenerative abilities, under suitable environmental conditions, healing tissues will be formed at the wound site, then meristematic growth will be induced directionally, tissues and organs will grow, and then new plants will be developed again.

Third, the factors affecting the survival rate

1, grafting

In the daily management of horticultural production, the main factors affecting the survival rate of plant grafting are:

1.

In botanical classification, when grafted with "species" plants, the cell wall-breaking fusion ability of rootstock and scion healing tissue is the strongest, followed by "genus" plants. It's even worse when it comes to "family". Beyond this category, this integration ability is almost negligible.

Therefore, in the category of "family, genus and species", "grafting" can be carried out. The closer the relationship, the stronger the affinity and the higher the survival rate.

2. vitality.

After grafting, in order to heal and survive, rootstocks and scions need to be able to quickly separate the healed tissues from each other before the next fusion connection can be made. This requires rootstocks and scions to have good vitality.

Therefore, the vitality of dry branches, dormant rootstocks and scions is too low to form healing tissues, so the survival rate is very low. Therefore, it is completely meaningless to implement grafting in this case.

③ Temperature and humidity.

Many research results show that when the local temperature reaches 12℃, the roots begin to accelerate their life activities, and when the soil humidity reaches 85%, the liquid flow accelerates and the trees will quickly enter the germination stage.

However, the meristem formation of plant wound healing tissue is accelerated at 15~20℃, while the meristem formation speed of healing tissue is the fastest at 20~25℃ and humidity 85%.

4. Lighting.

Many research experiments show that the tissue healing of plant wounds is the fastest and the effect is the best under suitable temperature and humidity environment.

Therefore, when plants are grafted, the wound is wrapped with opaque materials, which can not only fix and hold the scion rootstock, but also shade and promote the healing of meristem.

Step 2 cut

There are three main factors that affect the survival rate of plant cuttings.

(1) organ vitality.

This point should be well understood: the cells of dead plant organs no longer have the ability to divide, which fundamentally cuts off the possibility of regeneration and growth into new individuals. Because of the decline of vitality, cutting in dormancy period is much slower and takes longer than cutting in growing season. However, cuttings can be directly cut in winter and carried out in winter leisure time.

② Temperature and humidity.

Because cutting, like grafting, requires plant organs to form healing tissues before further directional differentiation can be induced, its requirements for environmental temperature are basically the same as grafting: 20~30℃ is the best. Because there is no root system to absorb and provide water, the requirement for humidity with low water evaporation rate is relatively high: it must reach about 95%.

3. Lighting.

After the cutting is completed, the formation of healing tissue at the wound requires a shading environment.

Of course, in the actual production management, whether grafting or cutting, in addition to ensuring that the branches are fresh and energetic, the temperature and humidity are appropriate, and the wound parts are managed in darkness, we should also pay attention to: try to choose strong branches and plants without pests and diseases, do a good job in pest control, and ensure the survival rate of grafting and cutting.

Fourthly, the practical function of grafting and cutting.

Grafting and cuttage belong to asexual nutrition breeding, and there are few gene mutations. Scions and cuttings are the same, both of which use some organs of plants to rapidly expand into plants. So:

1, which can maintain and continue the excellent characteristics of the mother plant (growth, development, flowering and fruiting).

2. Commercial seedlings can be produced quickly, in batches and stably, which is convenient for seedling popularization.

3. Compared with the traditional seeding, the seedlings obtained by grafting and cutting can enter the flowering and fruiting period in advance.

4. Improve and improve the tolerance of the bred plants such as disease resistance, insect resistance, cold resistance, heat resistance, drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, saline-alkali resistance and continuous cropping resistance.

5. It can change the varieties of ancient trees by grafting.