Surgical diseases are divided into five categories: trauma, infection, tumor, deformity and dysfunction. These diseases often need to be treated by surgery or manipulation. Therefore, surgery has become a unique treatment of surgery. People often regard the need for surgical treatment as the standard to distinguish medical diseases from surgical diseases. But surgery is not equal to surgery, and surgery is only one of the treatments for surgical diseases.

The significance of surgical examination is to preliminarily eliminate common diseases by examining skin, lymph, thyroid, spine, limbs, joints and urogenital organs.

The scope of surgery has expanded to all parts of the body, and it is difficult to develop in depth, thus promoting a finer division of labor in surgery. In addition to general surgery (including abdominal surgery), there are brain surgery, thoracic surgery, cardiovascular surgery, urology, orthopedics, plastic surgery, trauma, burns, tumors, pediatric surgery, neurosurgery and so on. Some also set up specialties such as microsurgical organ transplantation.