Winter propagation of winter red fruit
The seedlings of apple, Vitex negundo and Begonia can be used as rootstocks, and the plump buds in the middle can be used as scions. Bud grafting can be carried out from early August to late September, and branch grafting can also be carried out from March to April of the following year. The grafting position should not be high, generally 4-6cm from the ground. In the spring of the second year after grafting, the rootstocks should be cut off and cleaned in time, and the nursery management should be strengthened to promote the vigorous growth of scions. When harvesting in winter, leave 6- 10cm piles, increase the row spacing or replant the next year, and cultivate side branches according to the modeling design to complete the basic modeling. At this time, the potted time should be determined according to the cultivation direction of bonsai. If you need to plant miniature or small bonsai, you should postpone the potted time and continue the field dwarfing control and modeling cultivation.
Morphological cultivation of red fruit in winter
The branches of winter red fruit are soft and can be bent into many shapes. So you can design freely according to the author's aesthetic taste. Different shapes of winter red fruit bonsai have their own modeling characteristics and artistic effects.
2. 1 inclined dry type
The trunk leans to one side, generally slightly curved, the branches outside the basin are flat, the tree posture is stretched, the shadow is horizontal, elegant and natural, and quite picturesque; The overall shape is steep, steady and vivid, which embodies the unified artistic effect of the balance of dynamic and static changes of trees.
2.2 dry type
The trunk of the stump curled upward, causing variation, like a dragon. The trunk is curled and bent, and the branchlets are also curled.
2.3 dry type
The trunk of the stump is inclined, lying horizontally or obliquely on the basin surface, like a Wolong; The branches of the crown stand upright, like lightning or strong wind. This tree is vigorous, old and elegant, like a fallen tree in spring, with dragons and tigers lying empty. A drunk woke up with wild interest.
2.4 cliff types
The trunk bends and hangs from the base to the outside of the basin. For example, trees hanging upside down on cliffs are like rapids, sea dragons and waterfalls. They are vigorous and natural, and have unique artistic effects.
2.5 stone attached type
Roots grow on rocks and then go deep into the soil along cracks in the rocks, or the whole roots grow in caves, just like old trees growing on rocks. There is a trend of "grasping the stone with the dragon's claws", which is full of ancient style.
2.6 jungle style
Two or more plants are planted together, with proper density and proper collocation. It has the artistic conception of "living and traveling", and it seems that there is a "barren road" to increase its depth, perspective and artistic conception.
2.7 straight line work
The trunk is tall and straight, the crown is dignified, the layers are distinct, the fruits are evenly distributed, and most of them are single stems, which has a feeling of being tall and straight.
If we want to cultivate bonsai with winter red fruit, we need to adopt the standard cultivation techniques of winter red fruit for a long time. Under the premise of ensuring fertilizer and water supply and pest control, timely pruning and directional shaping every year are the main modeling techniques for cultivating winter red fruit bonsai, which plays an important role in cultivating tree shape, controlling crown, improving ornamental value, enhancing tree vitality, promoting flower formation, adjusting bud number and protecting flowers and fruits.
Winter maintenance and management technology of winter red fruit
3. 1 flower and fruit management
Dong Hongguo is a cross-pollinated fruit tree. When flowering in spring, different varieties of pollen must be pollinated to bear fruit. Generally speaking, pollen from begonia or apple trees can be used. There is a contradiction between the quantity of fruit on the tree and the storage of nutrients, so we should choose flowers and fruits on the tree reasonably every year. Generally speaking, in the flowering and young fruit period, trees should be evenly distributed above and below the crown, and the number of red fruits should be less and more. After thinning flowers and fruits, the winter red fruit not only increases in size, but also blooms every year.
3.2 finishing
In the early stage of bonsai formation, pruning is the key link to stabilize the tree shape, control the crown width and realize the fullness of the tree.
3.2. 1 pruning in growth period. Non-directional buds should be removed in time in spring to provide concentrated nutrition for directional buds. Pruning measures such as ring cutting (cutting), branch pulling and branch transfer are mainly adopted to promote the transformation of tree nutrient accumulation into flower buds. In summer, when the new shoots grow to more than 20 cm, they can be pinched many times to control vigorous growth, achieve tree stability and promote the formation of flower buds in the middle and lower parts of the new shoots.
3.2.2 Dormancy pruning. The best period of pruning is the dormant period after defoliation. Under the premise of ensuring the stability of the tree, prune the branches with axillary buds on the side branches at all levels. The incision length is generally 5 ~ 10 cm. Full buds should be cut off. Short and medium fruit branches, extremely short fruit branches and leafy fruit branches should be kept. Dense branches, weak branches, dead branches, cross branches and clustered branches should be eliminated; Strong growth of branches, you can cut off weak buds, slowly placed or pulled into an open angle. If you are not sure about the bud, you can keep it and trim it before flowering. Remember not to prune too much, otherwise the fruit trees will grow vigorously and it will be difficult to blossom and bear fruit. After pruning in winter, the distribution of branches and buds should be uniform, the space should be reasonable, the combination of reality and reality should be combined, and the tree potential should be balanced.
3.3 Soil, fertilizer and water management
The soil in this basin needs to be updated every two years. 35% humus soil, 35% garden soil, 20% coarse sand and 10% decomposed livestock manure can be used as base fertilizer. When changing soil, first turn the bamboo over along the inner wall, then turn the pot over, hold the soil with one hand and push it down along the drain with the other. Then use a sharp blade to cut off about 1/3 of the old soil and roots around the soil, and then put them into a pot for watering.
In the use of fertilizer, we should master the principle of thin fertilizer and more fertilizer. In order to give full play to fertilizer efficiency, attention should be paid to the combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, slow-acting fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer, and macro-elements and trace elements when selecting fertilizers. In the fertilization method, we should pay attention to the combination of topdressing and foliar spraying. Apply more nitrogen fertilizer before flowering, and irrigate 5-6 times with 1: 100- 150 times of rotten cake fertilizer water, with an interval of about 10 days each time. After the first ten days of June, Dong Hongguo entered the flower bud differentiation stage. Control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, promote flower bud differentiation, and cooperate with foliar spraying when necessary. From July to September, the application of fertilizers with high nitrogen content should be strictly controlled or even stopped to prevent a large number of autumn shoots.
Watering should follow the principle of "seeing dry and seeing wet", that is, watering must be thorough after the basin soil is slightly dry. However, in the critical period of flower bud differentiation (physiological differentiation began in June), the winter red fruit bonsai was treated with drought for a period of time, that is, watering every time the top of the new shoot wilted, and controlling watering for 6 ~ 8 times. Drought treatment can strongly inhibit the vegetative growth of potted tree shoots under water stress and promote flower bud differentiation.
3.4 Winter management
Bonsai with red fruit in winter is full of fruit, which will not fall in winter and has ornamental value. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent or reduce fruit drop to improve its ornamental value. Spraying NAA or gibberellin can prevent or reduce fruit drop, improve seed-setting ability and prolong seed-setting period. Generally, spray it for the first time when the fruit turns red (mid-September), and then spray it every 15 days for three times in a row. The spray concentration is gradually increased from 30mg/L to 50mg/L.
After first frost, the winter red fruit should be moved to the cold room or living room in a dry environment, and the temperature should be controlled at 0 ~ 65438 02℃. If placed in a high temperature and high humidity environment, fruits are easy to get moldy. Before the flower buds begin to swell and germinate, the overwintering red fruits should be moved outdoors to contact with natural temperature, so that the development of flower buds can be synchronized with that of natural fruit trees, and the flowers of natural fruit trees should be pollinated to ensure fruit setting.