Who are the four famous doctors in ancient times?
The four famous doctors in ancient times were Hua Tuo, Zhang Zhongjing, Sun Simiao and Li Shizhen.
1. Hua Tuo (about AD 145-208), character,No. Fang, a native of Peiguoqiao County, was a famous doctor in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
Hua Tuo, Dong Feng and Zhang Zhongjing are also called? Dr. Jian' an Sanshen? . When I was young, I studied abroad and practiced medicine all over Anhui, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu and other places. I didn't want to make progress in studying medicine. He has a comprehensive medical skill, especially good at surgery. And proficient in internal medicine, gynecology, pediatrics, acupuncture. In his later years, he was suspected by Cao Cao and tortured to death in prison.
Hua tuo was called by later generations? Master of surgery? 、? The originator of surgery? . Later people called him Hua Tuo, an imperial doctor, so what? Hua tuo reincarnated? 、? Metaphysics rebirth? Praise a doctor with outstanding medical skills.
Second, Zhang Zhongjing (about 150 ~ 154? About 2 15 ~ 2 19), he was born in Nieyang County (now Zhangzhai Village, Gedong Town, dengzhou city City, Henan Province) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a famous doctor was honored as a medical sage by later generations. Zhang Zhongjing extensively collected medical prescriptions and wrote the masterpiece Treatise on Febrile Diseases handed down from ancient times. The established principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment is the basic principle of TCM clinic and the soul of TCM.
In the aspect of prescription science, Treatise on Febrile Diseases has also made great contributions, creating many dosage forms and recording a large number of effective prescriptions. The therapeutic principle of differentiation of six meridians established by him has been highly praised by doctors in past dynasties. This is the first medical monograph in China to establish the law of syndrome differentiation and treatment from theory to practice. It is one of the most influential works in the history of Chinese medicine, and it is a necessary classic work for later scholars to study Chinese medicine, which has been widely valued by medical students and clinicians.
Iii. Sun Simiao (54 1 year? In 682), Jing Zhao Huayuan (now Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province) was a famous physician in the Tang Dynasty and was honored as? Drug king? .
In the seventh year of the Western Wei Dynasty (54 1), Sun Simiao was born in a poor peasant family [1-9]. He was brilliant since he was a child and was highly valued by his teachers. When he grew up, he began to like Taoism, Laozi and Zhuangzi, and lived in seclusion in Zhong Nanshan, Shaanxi Province, and gradually gained a high reputation.
Sun Simiao attached great importance to the folk medical experience, accumulated interviews and recorded them in time, and finally finished his book "A Thousand Daughters". After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Sun Simiao accepted the invitation of the imperial court and cooperated with it to carry out medical activities. In 659, Tang Xin Materia Medica, the world's first national pharmacopoeia, was completed. Sun Simiao died in 682.
Iv. Li Shizhen (15 18? 1593), whose real name is Dong Bi, was born in Hushan in his later years. He was born in Waxieba (now Doctor Street), Dongchang Street, Qichun Town, Hubei Province, and was a famous physician in Ming Dynasty. Later, it was awarded by Chu Palace and Royal Court. After his death, he was sealed by the Ming court. Where's Wen .
From 1565, Li Shizhen went to Wudang Mountain, Lushan Mountain, Maoshan Mountain, Niushou Mountain, Huguang, Anhui, Henan, Hebei and other places to collect drug specimens and prescriptions, and worshipped fishermen, woodcutters, farmers, rickshaw pullers, medical workers and snake catchers as teachers, consulting 925 medical books of past dynasties. Archaeology proved that he was poor in physics. , recorded tens of millions of words of notes, clarified many difficult problems. 27 years of cold and heat, three easy drafts. In the eighteenth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1590), he completed the magnum opus Compendium of Materia Medica with1920,000 words. In addition, he also studied pulse science and eight strange meridians. There are many works, such as Eight Veins in the Strange Classics and Hu Ling Veins.
Detailed explanation of medical vocabulary
Li Jinyong's research on reading ancient medical texts? On the origin of' witch' in Huangdi Neijing and its treatment: "Witches have been treating diseases for a long time"? Ministry of magic 2? Yi pin quoted Shiben as saying:' Wu Xian also regarded Hongshu as the doctor of Emperor Yao',' Lu Chunqiu? Review? "No Bow" says: "Wu Peng is a doctor", and the ninth volume of "Korean Poetry Biography" says: "I heard that there was a Mao father in ancient times. The spear father is also a doctor, taking the shovel as the seat, taking the straw as the dog, wishing in the north and making ten words, all those who come to help are as before. ""Lu Chunqiu? Look first? Qi Huangong said in Zhijie: "Witches are always judged by life and death, and they can get rid of severe diseases". Before the Warring States period, doctors were controlled by witches, and doctors and witches were not divided. Witches are doctors and doctors are witches, so those who change the word' doctor' from' witch' to' doctor' are always called' witch doctors'. ? It is Wu Ben who has medical knowledge and often collects herbs for use, especially in the form of dance to eliminate disasters and treat diseases. ? In ancient times, witchcraft was not completely negative in the treatment of diseases, and in some cases, it could also play a certain therapeutic role. Customs of Chu State? Witchcraft articles? The medical activities of witchcraft say:' Using witchcraft as a treatment means is not without positive effects. After asking about the cause, the wizard prayed to ghosts and gods, hypnotized, hinted and stimulated the patient, so that the patient believed that his illness was caused by a specific ghost. In the process of symbolically asking God's forgiveness or driving ghosts away, the patient's internal defense function is fully induced, which is what Su Wen called "turning essence into qi". At the same time, the depression and fear brought by the disease also exist. Witchcraft therapy is often effective for psychological disorders and some minor diseases, but it is difficult to be effective for major diseases and addictions. ”"
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, witches were different from doctors, and there was a saying that "believing witches but not doctors left six roots untreated" (Historical Records? "The Biography of Bian Que" and "Those who are confined to ghosts and gods cannot be honest with their words." ("Su Wen? The teaching of the five zang-organs theory.