Pruning of fruit trees has always been a commonplace topic, but most fruit farmers are still careless about pruning techniques, unable to grasp the key points and unclear purposes. They only know pruning, they don't know the task, they can't tell right from wrong, they don't observe the pruning reaction, they cut corners every year and toss and turn. Actually, fruit tree pruning is not that complicated. In the process of pruning, all the problems in pruning can be solved by following the following principles, namely; Focusing on one center, solving two contradictions, adjusting three balances and adopting four technologies can solve the problem of pruning.

First, adhere to a principle around a center and cultivate a reasonable tree type, which is a center for fruit trees to bear early, good and high quality.

Second, solve two contradictions 1. Interrow homework problem

In order to increase the yield, most fruit farmers leave the main branches too low and too long, and the rows are closed, which affects the management. Aiming at the main problems, the pruning target is defined. First, open the working path, shrink the fruiting branches and control the crown width. Secondly, it is necessary to raise the trunk so that the minimum height of the trunk is above 1 m and the height of the tree is controlled at about 3 meters. For densely planted parks, the height of trees is required to be lower.

2. The problem of being strong on the top and weak on the bottom

The problem of strong and weak fruit trees is a prominent problem in the process of shaping young trees. Cherish the branches, and the redundant branches are reluctant to be cut off, resulting in umbrella-shaped trees, affecting the light, thin and weak bearing branches at the lower part, and poor flower bud differentiation. For umbrella trees with strong top and weak bottom, firstly, remove the overlord branches, big branches and main branches facing south, and then replace the weak branches to solve the lighting problem.

Cherry, apple, pear, plum and apricot can all be cultivated into free spindle type. After pruning, there are about 8- 12 main branches in the free spindle type distributed on the trunk, with the spacing of permanent skeleton branches being 40-60 cm and the spacing of fruiting branches on the skeleton being 20CM. The top branch of the tree is 40-50 cm long, the middle permanent branch is 60-80 cm long, and the inner branch of the first permanent skeleton is about 90- 130 cm long. After pruning, a complete free spindle tree is formed, like a pine cone. The first layer of the permanent skeleton is long, and the second layer is slightly longer.

Three. Adjust three balances 1. Balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth

A year with large flowers is called a big year, and a year with small flowers is called a small year; In the new year, you can increase the amount of pruning, cut a part appropriately, open a small valve and put a small amount of water; For branches with large flowers, retract to reduce flowers; Fruit trees are relatively young, which means that there are fewer flowers. When pruning, try to keep the flower branches and flower buds, keep them gently, keep the strong ones weak, thin the branches and lengthen them, and slowly release the flower buds with good quality.

2. Balance between the inner hall and the periphery

Perennial bearing trees or big branches can prevent the outward migration of load-bearing parts with strong external strength and weak internal strength and baldness in the inner hall; Control the vertical growth of branches on the back of the inner temple and form a bare zone on the back; Large and medium-sized fruiting branches should maintain a balance of growth before and after; Small fruit branches should be retracted in time and the angle should be raised.

3. Balance between upper and lower parts

In the process of pruning, it is necessary to control the upper strength and the lower strength to prevent the crown from being weak and strong, so as to keep the fruit trees in a healthy development state throughout the growth and development process. Solve the goal of achieving high quality and high yield.

Four pruning methods are adopted. Different pruning methods are adopted according to different tree ages, different tree potentials, different branches and different utilization spaces.

1. Slow release

Experienced fruit farmers say that pruning methods such as cutting branches, carving buds, quasi-topping and promoting germination are often used in spring after young trees or branches are twisted. The first slow release and the second slow release were delayed year by year, and the vigorous branch group was the most suitable for slow release.

reduce the hours

Mainly used in the young plastic period, the branch quantity is not enough. In order to fill the space, short cuts and multiple new branches are used. Secondly, when the growth is relatively weak and the flower amount is relatively large, it is applied to short cutting to reduce nutrient consumption and promote the centralized supply of nutrients.

Step 3: Sparse branches.

One is sparse branches of pests and diseases, back branches, upright branches and long white branches; Secondly, thinning out the over-dense fruiting branches, selecting fruiting branches with full flower bud quality, and keeping the spacing at about 20 cm; Thirdly, the current branch and joint branch at the top of the branch group are thinned, so that the branch group keeps uniaxial extension; The fourth is to remove inappropriate big branches and overlord branches.

retract

Generally, it is often used to retract branches with weak growth potential and large flowers. The permanent skeleton branches with strong growth potential should be slightly shrunk or not, and the branches can be pulled and released for a long time to slow down the nutrient exchange, so as to weaken the branch potential, transfer the nutrient flow direction, and make the branches grow from strong to weak and robust.