Source: Ali Parenting

Dahongpao Zanthoxylum bungeanum is an excellent tree species with medicinal, edible and ornamental functions. It likes sunshine and is drought-tolerant. It is planted on the edge of terraced fields, with dense branches and leaves and developed roots, which plays a great role in soil and water conservation. It is full of treasures, and its roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits all contain a lot of sesamin and aromatic oil. With the increase of pepper consumption and foreign trade export, Ruicheng county in Yuncheng area began to develop Dahongpao pepper as a project to get rid of poverty and become rich and well-off in hilly areas in the 1990s. By the end of 1999, the county had grown to 6667hm2, with the total number of plants reaching 6 million. The annual output of dried peppers reached11000000 kg, with an output value of more than 20 million yuan, which is an important part of the rural economy. Especially in Zhongtian Township, there are 365,438+10,000 red pepper trees, 200 per capita, with an annual output of more than 500,000 Jin of dried peppers and an income of10,000 yuan, accounting for more than 50% of the total agricultural income of the township, which has become a pillar industry of the rural economy of the township. Nie Jiaxun of Wang Ping Village planted 6,667 ㎡ Dahongpao Zanthoxylum bungeanum in the barren ditch, and 1999 Zanthoxylum bungeanum earned more than 20,000 yuan. Its cultivation techniques are as follows.

1. Seedling raising

After the summer heat, collect fully mature and full-grained fruits from middle-aged trees with vigorous growth and many fruits, and take out the seeds in the shade after harvesting, so as not to affect the emergence rate.

Sowing can be done in autumn and spring, but autumn sowing is better. In autumn, the soil moisture is good, the emergence rate is high and neat, and the seeds do not need to be stored. The time is 10- 1 1 month.

The seed shell of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is hard and oily, so it must be degreased before sowing. Soak in washing powder water with seed weight 1% for 2 days, take out and knead repeatedly, and mix with plant ash for sowing.

Dahongpao Zanthoxylum bungeanum seedlings have weak ploughing ability, so deep sowing is prohibited, and the covering thickness is 2-3 cm. After sowing, cover 2-3 cm with decomposed organic fertilizer or wheat bran, which is beneficial to moisture conservation, prevention of hardening and improvement of seedling emergence rate.

plant

Dahongpao Zanthoxylum Garden should be built on the sunny or semi-sunny slope in the middle and lower part of the hillside, avoiding the tuyere at the top of the mountain. The plant spacing of pure pepper orchard is generally 3m×4m, and the plant spacing of pepper trees on sloping land should be adjusted to local conditions, generally 2.5m×3.5-4m；; The plant spacing of Zanthoxylum bungeanum on the edge of terrace is generally 3-3.5 meters. ..

It can be planted in spring and autumn. Spring sowing should be delayed, and should be carried out when pepper seedlings are about to germinate or begin to germinate; Autumn sowing is carried out from late autumn to early winter; Planting in rainy season should be carried out immediately after rain. After planting in spring and autumn, it must be watered, and in autumn, it is necessary to pile up soil to prevent cold. In the rainy season, soil moisture should be grabbed and seedlings should be planted with mud. The general survival rate can reach more than 95% when planted by Guo shovel method (shovel, seedling leaning against the wall and trampling on the ground)

3. Soil, fertilizer and water management

Fertilize early and be full. Fertilization should be applied immediately after fruit picking, mainly organic fertilizer, mixed with N and P fertilizers and applied at one time. Apply farmyard manure 5- 10 kg, urea 0.5-0. 15 kg and phosphate fertilizer 0. 1-0.2 kg to each young tree; For 6-7-year-old trees, farmyard manure15-20kg, urea 0.5kg and phosphate fertilizer1-2kg should be applied to each tree. Appropriate fertilization should be applied during flowering and fruit expansion to improve fruit setting rate and promote fruit growth.

Water for three times during overwintering, germination and fruit growth. Fertilization and watering should be combined to give full play to fertilizer efficiency and promote plant growth and development. Fertilization and watering should be stopped after the first ten days of July, so as to avoid secondary growth and affect fruit development and overwintering of branches.

In the growing season, timely intertillage and weeding can break the hardening, conserve moisture and store water, and prevent weeds and pepper from competing for water and fertilizer.

prune

Fixed stem 50-60 cm should not be too low or too high, too low is not convenient for management, too high is not conducive to tree growth and crown expansion.

Plastic surgery focuses on natural happiness, generally leaving 5-7 main branches, and choosing 2-4 lateral branches on each main branch. Results Tree pruning mainly focused on thinning, thinning out pests and diseases, crossing, overlapping, dense growth, long branches, removing strength and leaving weakness, and alternately occupying space, so that the branches inside and outside the crown were evenly distributed and ventilated, achieving a three-dimensional effect.

5. Pest control

The main pests that harm the growth of Dahongpao Zanthoxylum bungeanum are aphids, Zanthoxylum longicorn, cotton scale insects and so on. To control aphids, we can use 2000 times solution of omethoate, or spray soil pesticides cooked by tobacco leaves, and the effect is good. Pesticides used to control cotton scale insects include Sulfaling, Jiekeling and Jieba. The prevention and control of longicorn beetles is mainly to insert poison sticks directly into its tunnels. The main diseases are rust and brown spot, and the preventive measures are spraying carbendazim in time.