I. Selection of pots and allocation of nutrient soil
Choose pottery pots, wooden barrels and wooden boxes with a diameter of 40 cm, a bottom diameter of 35 cm and a height of 30 cm and drainage holes. Preparation of nutrient soil: 6 parts of fertile ripe soil, 2 parts of river sand, decomposed sheep manure 1 part, fermented leaves and horseshoe manure 1 part, evenly mixed in proportion, and sieved.
Second, the basin
Select seedlings with strong plants, full buds and no pests and diseases, and plant them in pots in mid-April. When planting, soak the roots with 5-degree lime-sulfur mixture for disinfection, and cut off the necrotic roots. Put a small amount of nutrient soil at the bottom of the basin first, then put seedlings, control roots evenly, stabilize the soil and bury it, and water it in time to ensure survival.
Third, fertilizer and water management.
Apply 0.2% available nitrogen fertilizer 1 time before and after germination. Since May, liquid fertilizer 1 time has been applied every 10 day, with 200 times of liquid organic cake fertilizer as the main fertilizer, supplemented by 0.2% urea, diammonium, ammonium sulfate and other inorganic liquid fertilizers. When foliar fertilizer is sprayed during fruit expansion, 0.3% ~ 0.5% urea and 3% ~ 5% plant ash extract can be sprayed. When the autumn shoots are vigorous and the fruits are close to maturity, topdressing 1 times and 200 times of organic liquid fertilizer every half month. When the new shoots stop growing and the fruit matures, according to the plant growth, topdressing is applied every 10 day 1 time, mainly with 200 times of organic liquid fertilizer and 0.2% inorganic nitrogen fertilizer.
The soil of potted apples should be thoroughly watered after drying, and water should be replenished in time during germination, flowering and fruit expansion. In June, in order to promote flower bud differentiation, water should be properly controlled; The rainy season is short of water from July to August.
Fourth, plastic trimming.
Potted fruit trees can be pruned into bonsai trees according to personal hobbies. Pay attention to the opening angle, so that it is ventilated and transparent, which is conducive to the formation of flower buds and high yield.
The crown of potted apples should be controlled from 1 year-old seedlings, and the dry height should be equal to or twice the height of the pot. The method of winding and pulling branches should be adopted to inhibit growth and promote branching. 1 year-old seedlings can also be cored according to the required height, strengthen the trunk, and then send new branches. For new branches, the branches should be pulled out to cultivate the tree shape; Twisting the tip between the 5 ~ 7 leaves of the overgrowth branch and the competition branch can effectively control the height of the tree, prevent overgrowth and promote flower buds; It is necessary to make full use of schools with vigorous branches and fierce competition, and twist the branches, pick the core, carve and girdle them, which can cultivate a large number of fruiting branches, promote them to form flower buds, and achieve the goal of early fruiting and more fruiting. Potted apples have entered the fruiting period, and the tree shape has been basically established. According to the variety, branches should be selected and kept reasonably, so that the whole crown space can be occupied and utilized reasonably. The long branches with space can be used to cultivate new skeletons, and the medium and short branches can be cultivated into fruiting branches, so as to keep the crown stable, make the long and short branches alternate, and make the leaf-fruit ratio suitable.
Five, flower and fruit management
1. Artificial pollination: Pollen is collected from orchards with similar phenology 2-3 days before the apple blooms, and artificial pollination is carried out in the early flowering period and the morning when the potted apple blooms.
2. Spraying boron at flowering stage: spraying 0.25% borax at flowering stage can improve the fruit setting rate.
3. Bagging: Bagging the fruit after physiological fruit dropping. Before the fruit ripens 15 ~ 30 days, take down the fruit bag and color the fruit.