Underground city ". At that time, Hailar's defense belonged to the 80th Huncheng Brigade of the Japanese Kwantung Army stationed in Xinjiang, and its commander was Nomura Denggui River. According to the literature, Beishan Fort is the largest and best-preserved site of its kind in China, and its underground military fortifications are east-west, all of which are reinforced concrete structures. The total area of various fortifications is 10000 square meters. Underground engineering consists of a main road and several branches. The total length of the passage is about 4,000m and the total area is 5,000m2 (less than one twentieth of the present exhibition area). There are more than 30 exposed reinforced concrete bunkers, various artillery positions and permanent fire spots on the ground of Beishan position, which are equipped with light and heavy firepower and combined with air-to-air firepower.
Hailar, Hulunbeier, Inner Mongolia, is 610-760m above sea level. The terrain in the west, north and east is convex, and the urban area is concave. Yimin River runs through Hailar River in the north of the urban area from southwest to northeast. The prominent places around the city are hilly landforms, with a specific height of about 60-70 meters and a slope height of 10- 15 degrees (Hailar people generally call hilly areas mountains, such as Beishan, Dongshan and Xishan). The tops of Beishan and Dongshan are very flat, and the western hills are slightly protruding and shaped like a ball. The highlands around the city are good to see, overlooking the urban area at a glance. Aobao Mountain in the northeast of the city is the commanding height, so you can look around. The natural conditions and existing permanent fortifications are introduced here. Let's briefly introduce the tempering of this fortress in history. First, the whole project took about four years to hire workers from China. About 6.5438+0.3 million people were killed by the Japanese army during and after the completion of the project. Only one worker survived after liberation. Thousands of workers' remains pierced by wire were found in the mass grave between Beishan and Aobaoshan, which is the ironclad evidence of Japanese killing! According to the commentator, even the Japanese non-military personnel who participated in the project were all repatriated to China and were closely monitored and kept secret. It can be seen that the Japanese military took a fancy to this fortress.
At 0: 00 1945 on August 9, the Soviet Red Army launched a surprise attack on the Kwantung Army from three directions, east, west and north, and crossed the border between China and the Soviet Union and China and Mongolia on a front of more than 4,000 kilometers. The direction of attacking Hailar was the post-Baikal Army commanded by Marshal Malinowski, with 600,000 men, and it was also the only tank army equipped by the Soviet Union in the war against Japan. His assault direction is to cross the vast desert, grassland and Daxing 'anling, and go straight to Qi (Qihar)-Harbin (Erbin)-Xin (Beijing). The Soviets are slaughtering the turkeys of the Japanese Kwantung Army with ox knives, although Hailar has so-called solid soup. Soviet armored forces outflanked and occupied Hailar city. After sweeping other auxiliary positions, it surrounded and blocked the Beishan fortress, where the Japanese headquarters is located, and the Aobaoshan fortress, the commanding height of the city. The next day, the Soviet army with powerful firepower destroyed Aobao Mountain by thunder, leveled the commanding heights, and finally forced the defenders of Beishan fortress to walk out of the fortifications and surrender, thus ending the Battle of Hailar.
After the war, the Soviet Union destroyed all the ground fortifications of Beishan fortress according to the war practice, but at least the underground part was preserved, so that today we are fortunate to see the original appearance of history.