Although there are more and more varieties of apples, not all varieties can enter the high-end sales market, and the taste and appearance of apples are different, especially the coloring of apples is very harmful to the appearance of their products. At present, there are many varieties of apples planted in China. With the gradual improvement of transportation, warehousing and logistics, Apple's market is also expanding.
Some less popular varieties are also moving towards higher sales markets according to the Internet and transportation. Although there are many varieties, the high-quality varieties are still symmetrical and bright in appearance, round and smooth in fruit shape and high in sugar content.
The most direct one is coloring, which is also a requirement standard for high-quality and high-quality apples. To ensure that apples are well colored, we must pay special attention to some key points.
For apples, the quality of coloring is related to varieties, light, temperature and other factors. The first is the variety, aiming at the apples on the market at present. At present, the most common colors are bright red and light yellow, such as Marshal Yellow and its green apple. Except for the green apples, which are harvested in advance, the other two should be colored.
Whether it is bright red or light yellow, it is determined by the variety and its crown diameter. It shows that some apple trees with very old crown diameter will bear more colorful fruits when they enter adulthood than those with the same strong age.
Light can also do harm to the coloring of apples. This is also the primary reason why the apples at high altitude in Yunnan are darker than those in Yantai, Shandong. At the same time, light also has an extremely important influence on the transformation and deposition of apple sugar. The longer the illumination time, the heavier the color, the greater the sugar and the stronger the taste.
In addition, temperature and humidity will also do harm to the coloring of apples. The greater the temperature difference, the better the accumulation and deposition of apple sugar. Of course, the better the coloring, the more water.
Especially in the coloring period, the more soil water content, the more sugar is diluted, and the decrease of sugar will definitely do harm to apple coloring. Apples from mountainous areas with very large temperature difference are wider and darker in color and sweeter and crisper in taste than apples in plain areas, which can explain the problem.
In addition, the detection of minerals and trace elements in soil layer will also do harm to apple coloring. Generally speaking, it is necessary to control the amount of base fertilizer during the coloring period, because base fertilizer can consume the sugar in apples, thus reducing the sugar in fruits, which is not conducive to coloring.
At the same time, the lack of some nutrients will also cause uneven coloring or long coloring time. In addition, too high content of endogenous growth hormone, premature bag picking and poor pest control will all do harm to apple coloring.
In view of the strong coloring of apples, excellent varieties should be selected first. Through long-term cultivation, some high-quality apple varieties are superior to the old varieties in sugar content, chromaticity and disease resistance. Therefore, it is very necessary to choose this variety for plantation transformation, especially for some old plantations with large crown diameter.
Secondly, we should pay attention to improving illumination. The brightening technology of fruit tree planting is now relatively perfect, although there is little artificial brightening of apples. However, in order to improve the quality of fruit, it seems necessary to use human soft light in the position with insufficient light, especially when it is rainy during the coloring period.
For apples, to improve the coloring level, we should pay attention to scientific and reasonable fertilization and pruning and shaping. The apple tree is tall and big, and its trunk covers a very wide area. Therefore, in the need of chemical fertilizer, especially after apple coloring, it is necessary to meet not only the requirements of fruit growth and development, but also the requirements of fruit trees themselves.
Therefore, it is necessary to supplement the relevant chemical fertilizers immediately, and pay special attention to controlling the amount of base fertilizer when applying fertilizer to prevent the coloring period from being prolonged and the sugar content from decreasing due to too much base fertilizer. Generally speaking, the fertilization of apple trees can be based on organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer.
In fertilization, pruning and shaping can be combined to improve the conversion rate of organic fertilizer. The key point of pruning and shaping is to control the sharp growth of spring shoots, promote pollination at flowering stage, and at the same time remove over-concentrated branches to ensure sufficient illumination and natural ventilation of fruit branches.
In addition, attention should also be paid to watering the plantation after coloring. It is suggested to use sprinkler irrigation equipment or sprinkler irrigation as far as possible to ensure that the soil layer has enough humidity and no flooding is allowed. In case of rainstorm, drain the pipeline in time to prevent uneven fruit coloring caused by water storage in the plantation.
Another thing to pay attention to when watering is not to water as much as possible one week before harvest. At the same time, effectively limiting the picking time will also do harm to the coloring of apples. Generally, bags should be picked more than half a month before harvesting. When picking bags, try to do it in sunny morning, even in rainy days. In actual manufacturing, many fruit farmers will spray fertilizer once after picking bags to speed up the coloring of exocarp or improve the coloring level according to medicine.
However, this method does not harm the life cycle of the internal structure of the fruit, and when the internal structure is not mature, the exocarp is very easy to be colored, which is very harmful to the taste of the apple.
Some experienced fruit farmers don't use ripening agent, but use it in physical methods such as reflective stickers on the ground pavement in order to better ripen and color the fruit bags and improve the quality of fresh fruits, which is very worth learning. In addition, it is necessary to control pests immediately to avoid fruit bursting or uneven coloring caused by diseases.