First, the Tenth Geological Exploration Institute of Inner Mongolia has embarked on the road of rapid development.
Inner Mongolia Tenth Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development is affiliated to the Inner Mongolia Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, which was formed by the merger of the former Inner Mongolia Second Regional Geological Survey Institute and the Inner Mongolia Third Hydrogeological Survey Institute. There are 952 employees, including 454 retired employees, 498 on-the-job employees, 28 managers and 33 service personnel.
(1) has formed a new industrial structure based on geological exploration, with mining development as the core and engineering geological exploration and construction as the pillar.
Based on geological exploration. Organized a lean team, equipped with excellent equipment, improved core competitiveness, carried out a large number of geological exploration projects, achieved important geological exploration results, and played a positive role in promoting the development of mining economy. In 2005, the Tenth Geological Exploration Institute undertook 29 mineral exploration projects,1:50,000, and at the same time undertook more than a dozen mineral exploration projects. Drilling workload10.5 million meters, geophysical and geochemical exploration volume of 200 square kilometers, and the total amount of geological exploration monetary work is more than 45 million yuan. The physical workload and monetary workload completed in 2005 alone are equivalent to the sum of the previous 10 years. Since the turn of the century, more than 100 exploration rights have been obtained.
Taking mining development as the core. The integration of exploration and mining in the Tenth Geological Exploration Institute of Inner Mongolia began at the end of the Eighth Five-Year Plan, entered the fast lane in five years, and began explosive expansion in 2003. Jinyuan Company, which undertakes the main development work, was established in 1995. Maodong fluorite mine, Linxi Xinlinzhen fluorite mine and Balinzuoqi Sifangcheng copper mine have been explored and developed successively, but the scale is small and the benefits are not obvious. 1999 entered the stage of rapid development, and successively explored and developed the Harabaiqi lead-zinc mine in Bahrain Zuo Qi, Chifeng City, the Baimianshan bentonite mine in Songshan District, Chifeng City, and the Hua 'aobaote lead-zinc mine in Xiwuzhumuqin Banner, and transferred the operating mineral rights to the bentonite mine in Arukerqin Banner, and the mining development industry began to take shape. Since 2003, it has developed explosively, and invested nearly 100 million yuan to build a 1 10,000-ton concentrator in Huaaobaote lead-zinc mine, forming a production capacity of10.4 million tons of ore/day and 300,000 tons of ore/year. In 2006, the total output value reached 500 million yuan, and the profits and taxes reached10.50 billion yuan. In 2005, the Inner Mongolia Geological Exploration Bureau, the Tenth Geological Exploration Institute and a local enterprise jointly funded the establishment of a limited liability company to develop the Huanghuagou lead-zinc mine in Wengniute Banner, Chifeng (the Inner Mongolia Geological Exploration Bureau holds 30%, the tenth Geological Exploration Institute and the tenth employees hold 45%, and the local enterprises hold 25%). By the end of 2006, the annual output value will be 50 million yuan, and the profit and tax will be 10 million yuan. In 2005, it invested 340 million yuan to purchase the exploration right of Daolunba copper mine in Xiwuqi, which was invested and explored by Beijing Bixi Group. After a detailed investigation of the area of 0.32 square kilometers, it is proposed that the copper reserves are 6,543,800 tons, tungsten 6,543,800 tons, tin 40 million tons and silver 300 tons. The first phase of the project completed 654.38+0500 tons of copper-tungsten concentrator. Up to now, the annual output value of the mining industry of Inner Mongolia Tenth Geological Exploration Institute is nearly 654.38+0 billion yuan.
Taking engineering exploration and construction as the pillar. Engineering survey and construction is another comparative advantage industry of the Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration, with a market share of more than 50% in Chifeng, and has contracted projects outside Chifeng City and the autonomous region. Good achievements have also been made in geological disaster assessment and management. In recent two years, the market income has reached 10 million yuan. In 2005, the total market income of engineering survey and construction industry was150,000 yuan.
(2) The industrial economy has developed rapidly, the economic strength and competitiveness have been significantly enhanced, and the income of employees has been greatly improved.
The Tenth Geological Exploration Institute has achieved rapid economic development. In recent years, the whole has maintained a sustained and rapid growth momentum. The main economic indicators are growing at an average rate of more than two digits. The extra-budgetary income obtained through the market has increased substantially, the economic strength and competitiveness have been significantly enhanced, and the income of employees has been greatly improved. In the past three or four years, the development speed of enterprises in the Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration is far ahead of ten years, and the economic increment is equivalent to the sum of the previous two decades.
In terms of market income, the Tenth Geological Exploration Institute of Inner Mongolia reached 500 million yuan in 2006, an increase of 100% over 2005, 3.4 times that of 2004 and 7 times that of12003. In 2006, the Tenth Geological Exploration Institute of Inner Mongolia completed profits and taxes of 654.38+0.2 billion yuan, four times that of 2005, only 654.38+00 times that of 2004 and 40 times that of 2003. At the same time, employees' income has increased substantially. In 2007, the per capita income was 70,000 yuan, 3.5 times that of 20,000 yuan in 2003. Enterprise investment has also doubled year after year, from 40 million yuan in 2003 to 80 million yuan in 2004, from 200 million yuan in 2005 to 350 million yuan in 2006. In recent years, the market income, paid-in profit, employee income and enterprise investment of the Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration have all increased by more than ten times. This development speed is relatively fast, whether in the geological prospecting unit system or in local enterprises. On the one hand, it shows the great efforts made by the cadres and workers of the Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration in recent two years for the development of the unit, and at the same time, it shows that the new mechanism of the enterprise has effectively activated the great potential and vitality of the enterprise's own development and effectively promoted the rapid development of the enterprise economy.
Up to now, the Tenth Geological Exploration Institute has 2 production mining enterprises, 2 mining enterprises under construction, engineering exploration and construction enterprises 1, secondary geological exploration units 1, and 3 technical consulting service enterprises. Among them, there are enterprises with annual output exceeding 1 100 million/home, 4 enterprises with annual output exceeding 1 0 million, 5 million enterprises with annual output exceeding 1 home, and 2 enterprises with annual output exceeding 2 million. With the completion and commissioning of Huanghuagou lead-zinc mine in Chifeng City, Daolunba copper-tungsten mine in Xiwuqi and Wulan lead-zinc mine in Waimeng, the total mining capacity of holding mining enterprises in the Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration can reach more than 3,000 tons/day. Annual output (unit: metal quantity): 50,000 tons of lead and zinc, 5,000 tons of silver 100 tons of copper and 0/000 tons of tungsten/kloc-0, with a total output value exceeding 654,380+0 billion yuan.
(3) Seize the opportunity, renew ideas and promote the shareholding system reform of school-run enterprises.
Transformation is the premise. According to the national and superior policies on enterprise restructuring, we will vigorously promote the restructuring of secondary economic entities. Except for geological exploration companies, all school-run enterprises with a certain scale have been restructured into limited liability companies, and the simulated legal person system has been implemented internally. Up to now, the Tenth Academy has 6 enterprises with independent legal person holding or relative holding, among which 3 enterprises have rapidly developed into enterprises with annual output exceeding 10 million and profits exceeding100000.
Share participation of all employees is the foundation. In a limited liability company, the employees of the enterprise merge into large shares, and all employees of the hospital become shareholders. Geological prospecting units are relatively holding shares, and social funds are appropriately involved in equity participation. After the restructuring, all the limited liability companies were registered independently and obtained independent legal personality.
Changing the business model is the key. At present, the management mode of the Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration has changed, from focusing on specific operations supplemented by investment holding to focusing on investment holding supplemented by specific operations. As an investment matrix and giving full play to its own advantages, the Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration is gradually realizing the management mode of group investment company based on enterprises, oriented by main business and linked by capital.
It is the core to carry out the modern enterprise management concept and clarify the economic relationship, property right relationship and subordinate relationship between geological prospecting units and enterprises from the legal procedure. The Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration promotes the internal system reform of enterprises, makes enterprise management standardized, scientific and modern, actively carries out three internal system reforms, vigorously promotes the reform of enterprise shareholding system, and activates the great potential and vitality of geological exploration enterprises with new mechanisms. Enterprise restructuring is only a form, not an end. The key problem of enterprise restructuring is to activate the huge potential of enterprises with new enterprise operation mechanism and create a new world for enterprise development. The basic mode of enterprise management in local geological prospecting units is that "decision center" is embodied in the leadership of geological prospecting units, "profit center" is embodied in geological prospecting units and "cost center" is embodied in enterprises. In other words, what an enterprise will do or not do after its completion is decided by the leaders of geological prospecting units. After the enterprise is profitable, the profit is completely dominated by the geological prospecting units, and the enterprise managers only play the role of controlling costs at best. After the reform, the three centers moved down as a whole. The decision-making center of an enterprise is embodied in the shareholders' meeting and the board of directors, the profit center is embodied in the enterprise, and the cost center is embodied in the team, workshop and section of the enterprise. This model embodies the modern enterprise management concept, and clarifies the economic relationship, property right relationship and subordinate relationship between geological prospecting units and enterprises from the legal procedure. Furthermore, it can give full play to the management efficiency of vertical connection and horizontal level, and maximize the entrepreneurial passion and potential of secondary economic entities. This passion and potential can be directly transformed into rapid economic growth and high return rate of enterprise investment, and finally embody the scientific and practical nature of modern enterprise management theory in quantitative form, and gradually push the enterprise management of geological prospecting units to standardization, scientificity and modernization.
(four) the construction of harmonious geological prospecting units, improve the income of workers, solve the difficulties of laid-off workers, and implement the policy of retirees.
The Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration has established the humanistic concept that economic development benefits employees and employees benefit. At present, the income of employees in the Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration has shown a diversified trend, with wages only accounting for a part, and various subsidies and bonuses also accounting for a certain proportion. Most of them are share dividends. Now, not only the employees of the enterprise have shares, but also other employees of the hospital (including laid-off workers) have corresponding shares in the enterprise, and they can get the corresponding corporate profits every year.
With the improvement of enterprise's economic situation, the Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration has continuously raised the living expenses of laid-off workers, from 246 yuan per month in 2004 to 340 yuan in 2005 (male workers have worked for 30 years and female workers have worked for 28 years, and they receive the living expenses of 650 yuan every month). In 2006, the retirement policy was implemented, and 88 laid-off workers were retired at one time/kloc-0. The retirement pension was more than double the original living expenses of laid-off workers.
Implement the retiree policy to make retirees feel safe and happy.
Strengthen infrastructure construction and beautify the working and living environment.
With the support of Inner Mongolia Geological Exploration Bureau, Department of Land and Resources and Chifeng Bureau of Land and Resources, especially the Ministry/Bureau came forward to help solve the land use problem, the Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration has made great achievements in the construction of staff housing.
From 200 1 to 2005, the 10th Geological Exploration Institute was rated as "advanced party committee" and "advanced unit" by the Geological Exploration Bureau of Inner Mongolia for five consecutive years. In 2005, it was promoted to be a civilized unit (pacesetter) in Chifeng City, and won the honorary title of "National Classic Geological Team" in 2006.
After the establishment of the new benefit distribution mechanism, employees of the enterprise show a sincere will to rise and fall together with the enterprise and advance and retreat together. They take the initiative to care about the big and small issues of the enterprise, care about everything in the enterprise, consciously take the business of the enterprise as their own business, supervise each other, cooperate with each other, and love their jobs and dedication.
(5) Exploiting the market, diversifying risks, actively "going out" and developing and utilizing foreign mineral resources.
In order to open up the market, spread risks and find new economic growth points, Inner Mongolia Tenth Geological Exploration Institute actively "goes out" to develop and utilize foreign mineral resources. In 2004, the Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration and several other mining companies jointly invested 54 million yuan to purchase four mineral rights in Mongolia, initially controlling the reserves of lead and zinc to 3 million tons, silver to 3,000 tons and gold to 8 tons. In 2005, the comprehensive exploration of Wulan lead-zinc mine was carried out, and the results were very gratifying. The actual reserves are far greater than the expected reserves. In 2006, it was transferred to development, with a total investment of 500 million yuan, and the tenth institute held 65,438+00%. In addition, in 2006, the Tenth Geological Exploration Institute of Inner Mongolia and other geological exploration units jointly obtained the mining rights of non-ferrous metals such as copper, lead and zinc in Algeria and Zambia in Africa.
Second, the main experience of successful integration of exploration and mining in Inner Mongolia Tenth Geological Exploration Institute
Grasping market opportunities, making full use of policy advantages and independent innovation are the main experiences of the successful integration of exploration and mining in Inner Mongolia Tenth Geological Exploration Institute. Among them, seizing opportunities is the premise, making full use of policies is the foundation, and self-efforts are the key. At the same time, the three should play a good interactive role.
(A) seize market opportunities
Seizing market opportunities is the premise. In fact, the mining development of the Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration started earlier, and Jinyuan Company, which focuses on mining development, was established in 1995. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the so-called "exploration and mining" began, and successively explored and developed Maodong fluorite mine, Linxi Xinlinzhen fluorite mine and Balinzuoqi Sifangcheng copper mine, but the scale was small and the benefits were not obvious. The main reason was that the mining industry was depressed at that time and the market price of mineral products was low. Internationally, the late 1990s was the period of world mining structural adjustment, and a large number of mineral exploration and development companies closed down or were merged.
After a long-term market struggle, the Tenth Geological Exploration Institute of Inner Mongolia seized two opportunities.
First, the timing is right. In 2003, when the Tenth Geological Exploration Institute of Inner Mongolia stepped up its development, it was the time when the international mining industry entered a new growth cycle, and the new round of heavy chemical industry development in China had a strong demand for mineral resources and the price of mineral products was running at a high level. Since the 20th century, China, India, Brazil and other countries have entered a new round of industrialization, and the world mining industry has changed the downturn of the past 20 years and entered a new period of prosperity. At present, the global mining industry is in a prosperous period, and the investment in mineral exploration is growing rapidly. Since 2002, global mineral exploration has started a new cycle. In 2002, the global investment in solid mineral exploration was less than $2 billion, and it increased to $7.5 billion in 2006, an increase of nearly 300%. Domestically, since 2004, China's domestic exploration investment has continued to grow rapidly, and the exploration workload has increased substantially, showing a good development trend. In 2006, the investment in solid mineral exploration reached 654.38+0.08 billion yuan, ranking tenth in the world for the first time, with a year-on-year increase of 63.0%, which is the fastest growing year in recent years and more than five times that of 2006.5438+0. In that year, the investment in geological exploration in Inner Mongolia was 654.38 billion yuan (up 208% year-on-year), and the investment in geological exploration in the Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration was 45 million yuan (up 60% year-on-year). The rapid growth of investment in mineral exploration stems from the prosperity of mining industry. In 2006, the prices of the world's major mineral raw materials, such as oil, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc and nickel, respectively increased by 2-4 times compared with 200 1. Global mining profits are unprecedentedly high, and resource stocks continue to appreciate. At present, this opportunity period still exists, and there is huge room for growth in both world mineral exploration investment and domestic mineral exploration investment. Of course, this growth trend cannot last forever, so we should seize the opportunity as soon as possible.
The second is to find the right place. Chifeng City, located in the 10th Geological Exploration Institute of Inner Mongolia, is located in the non-ferrous metal metallogenic belt on the west slope of the south foot of Daxing 'anling Mountains, with unique resource advantages. The Tenth Geological Exploration Institute of Inner Mongolia holds rich geological data of the central and southern section of Daxing 'anling and the northern margin of North China Platform, and has many mining rights with economic and development value, such as Huaaobaote lead-zinc mine in Xiwute Banner, Shuiquan copper polymetallic mine in Zhalute Banner, Huanghuagou lead-zinc mine in Wengniute Banner and Dongbeigou gold mine in Ningcheng County. The ore belt is located in the northwest of Huanggang Tie Liang tin mine in Keshiketeng Banner to Baiyinnuoer lead-zinc mine in Balinzuoqi, passing through Keshiketeng Banner, Xiwuzhumuqin Banner and Zhalute Banner, starting from Harchulutu silver-lead-zinc mine (Darinuoer Lake) in the west and reaching Chaohaotu silver-copper polymetallic mine (Huolinhe) in the east, with a length of about 200 kilometers from east to west and a width of about 50 kilometers from north to south.
(B) make full use of policy advantages
Making full use of policy advantages is the foundation. A series of important policies and measures adopted by the government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in recent years have created opportunities for the reform and development of geological prospecting units, injected vitality, received practical results, and greatly improved the market competitiveness of geological prospecting units. On the one hand, the government has strengthened the leadership and management of geological prospecting units, on the other hand, the state-owned geological prospecting units have accelerated their integration into the local economy, and their service functions have been further enhanced, forming a new situation in which geological work and regional economy support and promote each other.
First, make full use of a series of reform policies of geological prospecting units with "three invariants" as the core proposed by the autonomous region government in 2004. In Inner Mongolia, according to the State Council's general direction of enterprise reform in geological prospecting units and the spirit of "Opinions of the Autonomous Region on the Pilot Reform of Institutions Directly under the Autonomous Region" (Inner Party Office [2005]13), the internal government and enterprises are separated, retirees and on-the-job personnel are managed separately, and enterprise management is actively promoted. The basic principle is "three invariants" (business brand unchanged, geological prospecting funds unchanged, existing employee status unchanged). Transfer the social functions of geological prospecting units to local governments; Separate management of funds for retirees and on-the-job personnel; On-the-job personnel are responsible for their own profits and losses; Expand the autonomy of employing people; Geological prospecting units implement enterprise management. The reform of geological prospecting units in Inner Mongolia has promoted the strengthening of geological work, is conducive to the development of geological prospecting units, and employees have enjoyed the benefits of the reform. Teams of Geological Exploration Bureau built workers' houses, and the office came forward to help solve the land use problem.
Second, make full use of a series of preferential policies for geological prospecting units to obtain mining rights proposed by the Department of Land and Resources of the autonomous region. The land and resources department decided to give priority to geological exploration units to undertake geological exploration projects in the autonomous region; Support geological prospecting units to compete for and manage mineral rights; When the state-funded mineral land is sold with compensation, 10% of the price will be returned to the geological prospecting units to support the geological prospecting work. These preferential policies provide strong support for geological prospecting units to promote reform and accelerate development. The land and resources department gives certain preferential policies to geological prospecting units to apply for exploration rights. Each team can run three mining rights. If the geological prospecting units can't find a suitable application scope, the department also organizes geological prospecting institutes to help screen.
Third, it has maintained a harmonious relationship with Chifeng Land and Resources Bureau. An example is that the Tenth Geological Exploration Institute of Inner Mongolia signed an agreement with Chifeng Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources to jointly carry out geological and mineral technical consulting services and jointly set up a geological and mineral technical consulting service department.
(C) their own efforts to innovate
Self-innovation is the key. With the market and policies, the key lies in our own efforts. In the same environment, the Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration has made dazzling achievements, which mainly depends on its own efforts and innovation.
First, we are committed to developing industries with comparative advantages and highlighting core competitiveness. In the combination of advantages and disadvantages, the Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration regards mining development as "the core of economic development" and "the main tone of enterprise development strategy", and has achieved leap-forward development. There are not many industrial advantages for geological prospecting units to integrate into the market, but relatively speaking, mining development should be the most advantageous industry. However, geological prospecting units are more difficult to find ore, lacking funds and social influence, and unable to coordinate local relations. However, geological prospecting units also have advantages. In particular, geological prospecting units know technology and talents, accumulate a large amount of geological data, hold a number of mineral rights, control mineral occurrences and prospective target areas, have the possibility of further exploration and development, and have the inclination of national policies and regulations. The organic combination of these beneficial elements undoubtedly constructs the core competitiveness of geological prospecting units in mining development, which indicates that geological prospecting units should make a difference in mining development. Based on this understanding, in recent years, the Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration has firmly grasped the main tone of enterprise development strategy, calmly analyzed the situation, actively integrated various favorable factors, made full use of various social resources, seized opportunities, took advantage of the situation, and vigorously promoted the establishment of pillar industries for mining development. Without high-quality mining rights, it is impossible to develop mining industry. The Tenth Geological Exploration Institute of Inner Mongolia has the old foundation of the past regional investigation teams, which is also one of its advantages.
Second, according to the rules of market economy, organically combine the mining right market with the mining capital market. First of all, the Tenth Geological Exploration Institute of Inner Mongolia started the operation of the mining right market earlier, and transferred the bentonite mine in Arukerqin Banner and the lead-zinc mine in Halabai, Balinzuoqi from 200 1 to 2002, and gained original accumulation. Without this "first bucket of gold", a series of subsequent mining development projects are utopia. At present, the Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration has been very cautious about the transfer of mining rights, and generally will not transfer them easily unless it does not conform to the development strategy of the enterprise and thinks that the prospects are not great. There are also lessons in this regard. The Tenth Geological Exploration Institute once transferred the mining right of Daolundaba copper-tungsten mine with good benefits at a price of several hundred thousand yuan, but in 2005, it repurchased the mining right of the project at a price of 330 million yuan. Secondly, transfer some shares in mining projects to raise funds. This is the case in Huanghuagou lead-zinc mine. Thirdly, full shareholding not only raised the necessary funds, but also further mobilized the enthusiasm of employees. Finally, in order to find a bigger and better space for economic development, explore a new capital operation mode and create a new platform for docking international economic activities, the local Tenth Geological Exploration Institute plans to complete the H-share listing of Xinyuan Company in Hong Kong in 2007, which is also a sign to verify whether the enterprise is operating normally and scientifically, and whether it has great development potential and long-term profitability. This practice of the Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration is basically in line with international practice, and many successful resource companies in the world also operate under this mode.
Third, through the shareholding system reform and employee stock ownership, the bottleneck of "fund shortage" that restricts the development of geological prospecting units has been broken. The biggest difficulty for geological prospecting units to establish large enterprises is the lack of funds. After the establishment of a joint-stock enterprise, the employees of the enterprise must become the main investors in order to become the major shareholders of the enterprise and undertake the main investment obligations. Geological prospecting units retreat to the second line and become secondary investors, and can make contributions at a fixed price with qualifications, equipment, places and mining rights. The insufficient part will be supplemented by attracting social funds, so as to naturally build a diversified model of enterprise investment subjects, effectively expand the financing channels and capabilities of geological prospecting units, and fully tap the capital potential of geological prospecting units to run large projects and enterprises. In recent years, enterprises sponsored by the Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration have invested hundreds of millions of yuan. In all investment projects, we have successfully ensured that the project funds are in place in time, and there has never been a breach of contract, but no new debts have been formed, and the balance of book funds has not decreased. On the contrary, they have achieved greater growth in enterprise development.
Fourth, pay attention to handling local relations. The exploration and development of mineral resources is closely related to the development of local regional economy. Mining development promotes regional economic development, especially in taxation and employment. Without the support of local governments, communities and local people, mining development is also very difficult. In the process of mining development, the Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration paid more attention to local interests, properly handled local relations, and ensured the smooth progress of mining projects. For example, the Huanghuagou lead-zinc mine development project in Wengniute Banner of Chifeng reached a development agreement after repeated consultations with the local government. Finally, a limited liability company was established by the Inner Mongolia Geological Exploration Bureau, the Tenth Geological Exploration Institute and a local enterprise. The registered capital is150,000 yuan, of which Inner Mongolia Geological Exploration Bureau holds 30%, Geological Exploration Institute No.10 and its employees hold 45%, and local enterprises hold 25%.
Fifth, attach great importance to geological prospecting. As the source of mining development and the necessary condition for sustainable mining activities, the Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration attaches great importance to geological prospecting and takes geological prospecting as its primary work. The Tenth Geological Exploration Institute not only uses government funds to find mines for the country, but also uses social funds to find mines for the owners. More importantly, it also used its own funds to find mines for itself. At present, these three blocks account for roughly the same proportion in the geological exploration investment of the Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration. Of course, from the mechanism, it is definitely more efficient to use your own money to find mines than to use other people's money to find other people's mines. The Tenth Geological Exploration Institute stipulates that the investment in self-exploration should be increased, and 65,438+00% ~ 20% of the profits earned in that year should be used as special exploration funds every year, and the existing mining rights should be continuously analyzed and studied, and the key projects should be determined to increase investment, and the work should be done in depth and detail (the exploration area of the Tenth Geological Exploration Institute of Inner Mongolia is no longer based on shallow geological conditions, generally -500m or until granite is seen). With the continuous development, the Tenth Institute of Geological Exploration is no longer willing to assume the status of "migrant workers" in geological prospecting.
Third, some thoughts and experiences.
(1) The integration of exploration and mining is an important way for the reform and development of geological prospecting units.
The integration of exploration and mining is an important way for the reform and development of geological prospecting units, which is of great significance. First of all, this is an effective way to develop mining industry. At present, the geological prospecting industry is "hundreds of bureaus and thousands of teams". Imagine that if a bureau has one team, one mine and ten large-scale mineral processing plants, the national mining economy will certainly develop rapidly, and a number of modern resource companies will emerge, which will play an important role in alleviating resource constraints. Secondly, mining rights, technology, talents and long-term accumulated geological data are the core competitiveness of geological prospecting units to participate in mining development. Paying relative attention to increasing revenue and reducing expenditure is conducive to protecting mineral resources and the environment. Third, the geological prospecting units that combine exploration and mining pay relative attention to geological prospecting, and take out some funds from mining income to support the sustainable development of mineral exploration, which is in line with international practice and is also an important support for commercial mineral exploration.
(2) Further development needs to get rid of the shackles of the operating mechanism.
The 10th Geological Exploration Institute of Inner Mongolia implemented the separation of government and enterprise, and the mining entities operated according to the modern enterprise system, which is an important experience of its success. However, from the perspective of the whole country, up to now, the institutional structure of the "hundred bureaus and thousands of teams" in the geological prospecting industry has basically not changed, and no geological prospecting unit has made a substantial breakthrough in enterprise restructuring. The existing institutional structure can no longer adapt to the new situation and requirements in terms of property rights system and distribution mechanism, resulting in insufficient incentive and restraint mechanisms, retention of talents, small industries and weak enterprises. At present, the global and China mineral exploration and development markets are fiercely competitive, and geological prospecting units are facing competition with mining enterprises and private enterprises: for mining rights, for markets and for talents. In the past, the brain drain of geological prospecting units was to other industries, but now it is still engaged in mineral exploration and development, only from geological prospecting units to mining enterprises and private enterprises. At present, the incentive mechanism implemented by Inner Mongolia Geological Exploration Bureau and Inner Mongolia Geological Exploration Institute 10 is relatively effective, and it has also reversed the situation that college students failed to pass the examination in recent years and more than ten years. However, from the perspective of operating mechanism, this is an "edge ball". At the same time, if it becomes bigger, property rights will further restrict development (such as the example of Yunnan). Indeed, the distribution mechanism and employment mechanism of the public institution system restrict development. Under the dual transition system, it is impossible for state-owned geological prospecting units with technical talents and resources to develop into mining enterprises and dynamic resource companies like Zijin Mining and Western Mining. Business has a business mechanism, and enterprises have a corporate mechanism. If we don't take the road of modern enterprise transformation, improve the system and transformation mechanism, and "small wealth means security", we will also struggle in the market, and there may be some "future troubles". In the short term, "wearing a career hat and taking the road of enterprise" can benefit both sides, but in the long term, it is not conducive to the sustainable and healthy development of geological prospecting units. In fact, the Tenth Geological Exploration Institute of Inner Mongolia, which has succeeded in the integration of exploration and mining, has realized these problems. If they have to make a choice, they would rather choose corporate identity.
(3) Effectively improve the mining right system.
State-owned geological prospecting units, such as the Tenth Geological Exploration Institute of Inner Mongolia, have accumulated for a long time, have a good relationship with the bureau (land bureau), and the land department has preferential policies in obtaining mining rights, but they still believe that the acquisition of exploration rights is the most important factor restricting their development. When talking about "going out" to develop and utilize mineral resources in Inner Mongolia, the main reason mentioned is the risk of not getting mining rights scattered in China. Although the government of the autonomous region encourages geological prospecting units to obtain mining rights, it is actually difficult for geological prospecting units to obtain mining rights because the examination and approval of mining rights has moved forward in Inner Mongolia, and the main examination and approval power is in the municipal governments of various leagues, and the newly established exploration rights have raised the threshold. This requires us to think further about where the problem lies. The construction of mining administrative management system needs to follow natural and economic laws and adapt to market principles. However, our current bidding and auction system of mining rights has not done this and has been blindly expanded. Judging from the natural attributes of different types of mineral resources, oil and gas are suitable for bidding and auction system, but we have not implemented it. Solid minerals are generally not suitable for bidding, auction and hanging, but most of them are sold by bidding, auction and hanging at present. Under the condition of market economy, the mining right can be granted by bidding/leasing in the following situations: oil (including generalized licensed minerals, including natural gas, coal and other deposits that are generally distributed in layers); Ordinary building materials such as sand and gravel (generally, the so-called "high-risk" exploration process is not needed, and the value is relatively easy to determine); Due to the illegal behavior of the mining right owner, the mining right land is "confiscated" by the mining management department or the mining right is "revoked" (at this time, the prospect of mining right land is relatively clear, and you can apply for bidding, auction and hanging. Recently, Australia's famous Weipa bauxite deposit has been reclaimed by the state government and then sold through bidding); In the process of national commonweal geological survey, the mineral places with bright prospects are occasionally found (but these mineral places are rare and have the nature of "accident", because commonweal geological survey generally does not extend to mineral exploration. For example, the Wanhuo oil field in Prodi was discovered by the US Geological Survey in the 1960s. But this situation is currently controversial); In the mineral areas with bright prospects formed by state investment (such as Brazil, India, Sweden, Turkey and other countries in 1970s and 1980s), the state directly engages in some mineral exploration activities. In this case, there is no dispute about the initial investment, but it is controversial whether the work level of the geological prospecting fund to be established in the future will play a "pulling" or "crowding out" role in commercial mineral exploration. In addition to these five cases, the principle of "first applicant first" is implemented in the acquisition of mining rights, and no fees are charged. However, the current practice in China is to invite all those who can bid, even blank spaces. This in itself does not conform to the basic laws of mineral resources exploration and development. The bidding and auction of mining rights, initially imitating the practice of land, is illogical in itself. At the beginning of the regulation design, two goals were not achieved: first, maintaining the state-owned assets of mineral resources is a chaotic logic, not to mention the fact that the mining administration department does not have this function; The second is to prevent corruption in the administrative granting of mining rights, but in fact, after the bidding and auction, corruption has increased. When making rules, the scope is not defined, and it is natural for local governments to expand blindly in the later period. It is necessary to study and sort out the bidding, auction and transfer of mining rights.
(June 2007)