1. Defects or deformities caused by tumors: body surface malignant tumors, such as squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell tumor, melanoma, fibrosarcoma, etc. Benign tumors include hemangioma, lymphoma, giant nevus and neurofibroma. In addition, the tumor itself will seriously destroy the tissue, resulting in deformity and ulcer, and the defect caused by tumor resection needs to be repaired by plastic surgery.

2. Acquired deformity or defect: refers to the defect and deformity of body surface or deep tissues and organs caused by various injuries (including burns).

3. Defects and deformities caused by severe infection: refers to large-area scars and deformities left after traumatic infection.

4. Plastic surgery: It is an aesthetic technology to improve appearance and increase aesthetic feeling, mainly through plastic surgery to restore or correct tiny deformities or defects on the face and body surface.

5. Congenital defects and deformities: mainly refer to the exposed parts of the body surface that affect the appearance and physiological functions.

6. Malformations or defects caused by unknown reasons: such as hemifacial atrophy, facial paralysis, bedsore, chronic ulcer of lower limbs, diabetic limb ulcer, etc.