Name of species: bougainvillea
Scientific name: bougainvillea
Nicknames: Mirabilis jalapa, Maobaojin, Mirabilis jalapa, Triangle Flower, No.9 Middle School and Wild Purple Flower.
Family: Mirabilis jalapa.
Genus: bougainvillea
Bougainvillea is the city flower of Xiamen, Shenzhen and Beihai.
It belongs to Phyllanthus, a climbing evergreen shrub with curved stems and dense villi.
Distribution of origin
Originally from Brazil, it is cultivated all over China.
morphological character
It is an evergreen climbing shrub. The branches are spiny and arched. Simple leaves alternate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, entire. Flowers are terminal, usually 3 clustered in leaflike bracts, oval and purplish red, which are the main ornamental parts.
Growth habit
Like warm and humid climate, not cold-resistant, can safely overwinter above 3℃, and bloom above 15℃. I like plenty of light. It is not strict with soil, grows well in clay loam with good drainage and rich minerals, and is resistant to barren, alkali, drought, water accumulation and pruning.
Garden use
Triangle flower has large bracts, bright colors and long flowering period, which is suitable for garden planting or potted viewing. It can also be used for bonsai, hedges and pruning.
Breeding and cultivation
Cutting, high pressure and grafting are often used for propagation. The suitable cutting time is from March to June. High-pressure propagation takes about a month to take root. Spring is the best time for transplanting. Pick your heart during the growth period, promote flower bud differentiation and sprout lateral branches. The optimum temperature for potted plants in temperate zone is 15 ~ 30℃.
Key points of cultivation
"Selection of culture soil"
Yezihua has low requirements for soil, but it is afraid of water accumulation and is not tolerant of waterlogging. Therefore, we should choose loose and well-drained culture soil. Generally, 4 parts of humus soil, 4 parts of garden soil and 2 parts of sand can be used as culture soil, or dry pond mud mixed with some coal cake residue can be used as basin soil.
"Rational fertilization"
In order to make leafy flowers bloom more, we must ensure sufficient nutrients, and at the same time, we must apply fertilizer in a timely and appropriate manner and use it reasonably. Generally, in the vigorous growth period from April to July, liquid fertilizer is applied every 7 days ~ 10 days to promote the healthy growth of plants. The fertilizer can be 10% ~ 20% decomposed bean cake, rapeseed cake water or human manure water. In August, in order to promote flower bud germination, phosphate fertilizer was applied once every 10 day, and 20% liquid fertilizers such as decomposed chicken, duck and pigeon manure and fish offal could be used. The flowering period starts from June 5438+ 10, and from this period to mid-June 5438+065438+ 10, phosphate fertilizer is applied every half month, and the concentration of fertilizer and water is 30% ~ 40%. In the future, topdressing should be done once after each flowering, so that leafy flowers can continuously supplement nutrients during flowering.
"controlling water before flowering"
When watering leafy flowers at ordinary times, we should master the principle of "don't water them, but water them thoroughly". However, in order for Yuzryha to blossom neatly and luxuriantly, water control must be carried out before flowering. Since September, the watering of bougainvillea has been controlled, and each watering can only be carried out after the basin soil is dry and the branches and leaves are soft and drooping. This is repeated for half a month, and normal watering can be resumed after half a month. Do not apply fertilizer during water control, so as not to burn the roots with fertilizer. In this way, in about a month's time, leafy flowers can germinate and bloom, and the flowers are open and tidy, thriving.
Loosening soil, weeding and changing pots
Because of long-term watering, fertilization and rain erosion, the pot soil is easy to harden, so it is necessary to loosen the soil regularly and remove weeds in the pot soil to facilitate the growth of flowers. Otherwise, the basin soil will harden and accumulate water, which will easily lead to root rot or poor growth of Phyllanthus urinaria. In addition, bougainvillea grows rapidly, with developed roots and many fibrous roots, so it is necessary to change pots once a year.
"Correct pruning"
Half lotus grows rapidly, so attention should be paid to shaping and pruning during the growth period to promote the growth of lateral branches and bloom more. Pruning times are generally 1 to 3 times, which should not be too much, otherwise it will affect the flowering times. After each flowering, the residual flowers should be removed in time to reduce nutrient consumption. After the flowering period, the over-dense branches, inner branches, long branches and weak branches are thinned, and other branches are not pruned or only slightly pruned, so as to shorten the next growth period and promote their early flowering and more flowering.
"Pay attention to light and ventilation"
Bougainvillea is a positive plant. In order to make the branches and leaves grow normally and increase the number of flowers, bougainvillea must be placed in a well-lit and well-ventilated place, and let it shine for 8 hours to 12 hours every day. If places are often shaded, plants will grow in vain and the number of flowers will be reduced. If the place is not ventilated or placed too closely between pots, the leaves will fall off, especially in hot summer, when it rains and the temperature is high, it is easy to cause the leaves to fall off in a large area, thus affecting the growth and flowering of plants.
"Strengthening pest control"
The common pests of bougainvillea mainly include leaf beetle and aphid, and the common diseases mainly include shoot blight. At ordinary times, we should strengthen loosening soil and weeding, remove dead branches and diseased leaves in time, pay attention to ventilation, and reduce the spread of disease sources. Strengthen the examination of the disease, and if it is found and treated in time, it can be prevented and treated with dimethoate, Tobuzin and other solutions.
Simple leaves alternate, ovate, thick tomentose, obtuse at the top. Flowers are very thin, small and yellow-green. Their appearance is not surprising or noticeable. Usually, three flowers are clustered in three larger bracts. Pedicel combined with pill midvein, bracts are bright red, orange yellow, purple red, milky white and so on. Its shape is like gorgeous petals, so it is named bougainvillea and bougainvillea. In winter and spring, colorful bracts are displayed, giving people a feeling of unrestrained enthusiasm, hence the name He Chunhong. Bougainvillea originated in Brazil, South America, and was introduced to Europe for cultivation in 1930s. Now bougainvillea is cultivated all over China. It likes warm and humid, sunny environment, not cold-resistant. In China, potted plants and greenhouse cultivation are needed in other areas except the south where it can be cultivated in the open field for winter. Sandy loam with good drainage is the most suitable soil. Bougainvillea is often propagated by cutting, which is convenient for seedling raising. In May and June, cut mature lignified branches with a length of 20 cm, insert them into a sand basin, cover them with glass and keep them moist. They can take root in about one month and bloom in two years. The flowering period of the whole plant is very long, which can reach three or four months. There are many fallen flowers and leaves during flowering, which need to be removed in time to keep them fresh and beautiful. Bougainvillea is of high ornamental value and is cultivated as a climbing flower in southern China. During the Spring Festival, the green leaves set off the bright red film, just like gloating, especially dazzling. Potted plants in the north are placed on porches, courtyards and halls, which are very eye-catching. Yezihua is in Brazil, where women often wear it on their heads for decoration, which has a unique style. Europe and America use triangular flowers as cut flowers. It is found in China that yezihua is still a traditional Chinese medicine, which has the effect of dispersing dysentery and reducing swelling.
"The eagle flies high, the rabbit runs fast", and every animal has its specialty or delicate side in its survival. In fact, so do plants! This is the national flower bougainvillea in Zambia. Bougainvillea bougainvillea is a small vine shrub of Mirabilis, also known as bougainvillea and bougainvillea. Its flowers are small and odorless, so it is difficult to attract bees or butterflies to pollinate it. However, in order to carry on the family line and reproduce the offspring, it has its own unique skill: enlarge the bracts near the petals and "dye" them with red, yellow, white and white. In this way, bees or butterflies become its frequent visitors, thus solving the problem of carrying on the family line.
The stems of bougainvillea are grotesque and varied, or rotate left and right, bend repeatedly, or wrap themselves and tie them into rings; Branches and vines are long, with sharp thorns, strong flexibility, good plasticity, strong germination and extremely resistant to pruning. People often use them to decorate flower stands, styles, green corridors, arches and walls, or trim them into various shapes for viewing; Old plants can also be used to make stump bonsai; Strong vitality, cutting propagation, artificial grafting. "Naturally, it is not as clever as artificial grafting." If many varieties are grafted into one by artificial grafting, a colorful phenomenon of one tree with many flowers can be formed, which is very ornamental. Bougainvillea has a long flowering period and many beautiful flowers. In the south, the flowering period is usually from 10 of the current year to the beginning of June of the following year.